1886 
YME RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
425 
the can. As the fowls drink out the water lie- 
low the top of the holes, a little air forces it¬ 
self in, and more water runs out, but not 
enough to flow over the edge of the trough. 
The advantages are. that the water is always 
fresh and clean, the fowls not being able to 
make it foul: nor can they get their wattles 
wet ami so cause them to be frozen, as fre¬ 
quently happens in very cold weather. The 
legs should be alxiut six or eight inches m 
length, and flare out at the bottom a couple 
< >f inches, so as to make it stand more strongly. 
It can be picked up by the legs and brought 
into the house if the weather freezes out-of- 
doors iluriug the night. Another important 
advantage is that it can be made oblong or 
square, according to choice. J. T. c. 
We were sorry to see a few lousy fowls 
among the rest. It is a shame to send such 
birds to an exhibition of this kind. Not only is 
their condition evident to visitors, but there is 
danger to other clean and he.althy birds. 
Most breeders are seldom troubled with ver¬ 
min. Lice are produced in tilth, and will not 
live in absolute cleanliness. Frequent clean¬ 
ings, and applications of white-wash,with dust¬ 
ings ofbubaehare the most practical methods 
employed in lighting vermin. 
name should be retained in full. It is unneces¬ 
sary to say that, though it is advisable to have 
short names, it aids persons who are selecting 
from catalogues, to know that a certain apple 
or pear is a summer or winter fruit, as Sum¬ 
mer Queen. Summer Rose and Summer Bell¬ 
flower Apples; and Winter Nolis and Os- 
band’s Summer Peal’s, which it is proposed to 
shorten to “Nelis” and “Osband’s” only. 
“Brevity” is said “to lie the soul of wit;” it is 
not always a safe guide in science. 
Some .real’s ago, I raised two seedling 
peaches, one of them the most beautiful peach 
I ever saw, as it was the richest I ever tasted. 
This one I named the “Cambridge Belle;” the 
new code would strike off the Cambridge— 
which would he as unmeaning as it would he 
absurd. The name had this significance, that 
I wished to honor the beauty of a Cambridge 
belle, and as the |«-ach was the most beautiful 
of all peaches, so the Cambridge belle, to my 
eyes, was the most beautiful of all belles, 
whether a Washington, a Baltimore, or a 
Boston helle. Ho with the other, which I 
called “White Ball,” to denote the snowy 
whiteness of its skin and roundness of form; 
to nickname it “Ball” would be an outrage on 
all t he proprieties of pomologies! science. And 
who is to decide how many of the adjectives 
shall remain and how many be rejected? 
One thing only can we do to purge hereafter 
our catalogues and books from these inappro¬ 
priate and often vulgar names, and that is, to 
appeal to the intelligence of all cultivators, 
and kindly urge them to reflect, before they 
bestow names upon their productions, which, 
if really meritorious, are to be known perhaps 
to future generations. A zealous raiser of 
seedling fruits might possibly produce a pear 
as good as Dana's Hovey, and name it the 
“Rooster” if he happened to be politically in¬ 
clined ; and nobody could deny him the right 
to do so. Like all prohibitory laws which 
attempt to prevent a man from doing what he 
pleases provided it is lawful and does not in¬ 
terfere with the rights of others, such attempts 
will surely fail. V gentlemanly protest will 
do more. No! Societies or individuals can 
only do what President Wilder has so well 
and gracefully done—suggest that no more 
inappropriate and ugly names be given to our 
fruits. It is what I urged 80 years ago in the 
Magazine of Horticulture. Mr. Bull, the 
raiser of the Concord Grape, asked me what 
name I thought would be most appropriate, 
suggesting one himself, which should embody 
his own name: but I said at once, “Call it by 
the grand, old. historic name of Concord," 
the site of the first battle-field for Liberty, and 
the place where the grape originiated, which 
was to be as victorious over all other grapes 
as Capt. Davis’s company was in their famous 
Spartan defence of the bridge a few rods from 
Mr. Bull’s garden. 
No! let the names remain as we find them 
in pomological works; but let us try and pre¬ 
vent. the adoption so far as we can, by example 
and practice, of any but euphonic and appro¬ 
priate liames to express some characteristic of 
the fruit or tree, to honor the grower, his 
country, his town, his city, his friends, his 
family; or recall the pleasant reminiscences 
of romance and poem. 
> - — — 
CATALOGUES, ETC., RECEIVED. 
The Fourth Annual Report of the New 
York Experiment Station. —We are in¬ 
debted to the very efficient Director, Dr. E. 
Lewis Sturtyvftnt , for the above report. The 
New York Experiment Station is doing very 
much, and, for so short a time as it has been 
organized, is doing much good. Among other 
things we notice very carefully conducted 
feeding experiments; also trials of various 
cereals and vegetables. From experiments 
made with regard to the effects of various 
depths of planting on the germination of 
wheats, it seems that the best depth, all 
things considered, is from tine to two inches. 
While a larger per cent, germinates, and that, 
very quickly, at a quarter to a half iuch, and 
while it makes a very satisfactory growth 
during the Fall, when the seed has lieen 
planted at. those depths, the wheat does not 
seem so capable of withstanding an uu- 
propitious Winter. Deeper than tom’ inches, 
the proportion that germinates very rapidly 
diminishes, and the proportion that is winter- 
killed rapidly increases. Trials have demon¬ 
strated that White Australian, White Bel¬ 
gian, Welcome. New Australian and Race¬ 
horse Oats are all one and the same variety. 
Probsteier aud White Probsteier are also 
identical. White Russian, White Novelty 
and White Zealand are all one. The same 
may be said of Chinese Hulless, Pringle's Ex¬ 
celsior and Pringle’s Hybridized Hulless. In 
vegetables the confusion of names and the 
giving of new names to old varieties are many 
times worse, some varieties appearing under 
as many as a dozen or even more different 
names. Of the lettuces alone there are, iu the 
list which is given, only 81 distinct varieties, 
ant£ for these there are over 500 synonyms. 
BEAUTIFUL BIRDS. 
We show, at Fig. 87, two beautiful White 
Leghorns from the flock of Messre. Knapp 
Bros., Fabiiis, N, Y. These birds have won 
numberless prizes at poultry shows in this 
country. It appears to lie generally admitted 
that the White Leghorns have never been ex¬ 
celled as egg producers. The pullets mature 
early, and it is often next to impossible to get 
them to sit. With proper care and treatment, 
they are fine winter layere. The eggs, in this 
market at least., command an extra price. 
The fowls consume loss food than the larger 
breeds, and are good foragers, and wheu well 
bred, exceedingly beautiful. Pn every breed 
of cattle, sheep, horses or poultry there are 
good and bad strains. This fact frequently 
explains why it is that some people are much 
pleased with a certain breed of poultry iu 
which others find nothing but disapjioint- 
ment. The strain to which these birds be¬ 
long is an excellent one. They are larger 
than the average Leghorns, are remarkable 
for their pure white plumage, yellow legs 
and beak, white ear-lobes, without being 
white in the face, good forms and medium¬ 
sized combs. As an evidence of the laying 
quality of this flock, Mr. Knapp states that 
in one year 200 hens averaged 18 dozen eggs. 
A fine display of eggs from this flock was 
made at the late poultry show iu this city. 
They were beautiful in shape and color, and 
attracted much attention. 
The successful poultry breeder’s appear to 
think almost as much of their birds as they 
do of their babies. Gentle treatment is ab¬ 
solutely necessary in successful poultry keep¬ 
ing. The birds can be handled about, like kit¬ 
tens. One very successful breeder said that 
he could not expect, to lea ve his flock of hens 
in the care of strangers, fnr ten days, without 
a shrinkage of 80 percent, in egg production. 
Most poultrymen believe that to get the best 
out of the business, one must devote bis whole 
time to it. There appeal’s to be less difference, 
ns regards profit, in the breed of poultry than 
in the breed of man. A nervous, irritable, 
quick-tempered man had better leave the 
poultry business alone. Ho should never buy 
an incubator at all events. A man who is 
willing to learn patience and perseverance, 
cannot find a better teacher than an old hen, 
or a better college than a poultry yard. The 
fltlisczllavtmw 
OLD FRUIT8 UNDER NEW NAM EH. 
(Concluded from last week.) 
Prospective troubles from the innovation; 
need of a uniform rule in the new nomen¬ 
clature; objections from personal exper¬ 
ience; the proper course to follow; preven¬ 
tion, not amendment, in order. 
It is the coming generation of fruit cultiva¬ 
tors that are to be burdened with this new 
POULTRY NOTES. 
The exhibitors at the recent poultry show 
in this city were all pleasant gentlemen, glad 
to answer quest ions and talk about their stock. 
Some of the best points in poultry manage¬ 
ment could Ire gleaned from them. A day can 
always be well spent, at such an exhibition in 
talking with successful breeders aud learning 
their methods of feeding, handling and breed¬ 
ing. The best, plan is to think out a list, of 
practical questions before you go, and to take 
notes of the answers. Strive to avoid all fool¬ 
ish questions. Frame the inquiries, if possible, 
so I bat they can be answered in a few words. 
The use of incubators appears to l>e on the 
increase. The most, successful breeders are 
evidently using them, and many of their 
prize chickens were hatched in this way. 
Good breeders say that they can raise 80 per 
cent, of incubator chickens with the use of 
brooders and constant care. The idea of sup¬ 
posing that an incubator can think and keep 
track of its own thermometer is absurd. 
Dozens of different incubators and brooders 
were on exhibition, with eggs in all stages of 
hatching. A large number of chicks broke 
the shell each day, so that visitors were able 
to study the process. As they tiret struggle 
out from the shells, the chicks appear to l>e 
about as insignificant specimens of life as one 
can imagine. After tumbling about among 
the eggs for a while, they become dry and 
gain strength enough to stand or run about. 
In several incubators we noticed these stronger 
chicks peeking at the eyes ami combs of their 
feebler brothers who wore unable to defend 
themselves. The little rascals had become 
canibals at the age of a few hours. This 
trouble could be obviated, however, by remov¬ 
ing the chicks to a brooder. 
It. is customary to present these chicks to 
visitors. Many city people took the little 
things home to keep as pets. - The strongest 
evidence of the vitality of incubator chicks 
came from an old colored women who stood 
watching an incubator: “Dey give me one 
ob dese chickens las’ year, au’ I took it home 
in my basket. It’s so big now that it drnv 
every rooster outer sight.” When asked how 
she took care of it, she said: “Ps do greatest 
critter you ever did see ter keep things warm 
and full of vittles.” A good hint there for 
many more scientific poultrymen. 
WHITE LEGHORNS. From Nature. Fig. 87 
style. The innovation has come just as many 
carefully prepared volumes have settled down 
upon a solid aud ascertained basis—the result 
of nearly 50 years 5 labor in the importation, 
cultivation, identiticatiou and dissemination of 
all the fine fruits under generally accepted 
and well known names. There are to be cul¬ 
tivators after Messrs. Downing, Wilder, Barry, 
Thomas and others have dropped their earthly 
labors, who will tie looking lip the fine old 
fruits which they will read of in their fathers’ 
day, and they will consult Cox, Kenriok. 
Prince, Thomas. Barry, the Magazine of Hor¬ 
ticulture, and the Fruits of America, only to 
find that many of the pears aud apples have, 
according to the new nomenclature, gone out 
of cultivation, their places being supplied by 
uew varieties. 
Again, there must lie some uniform rule in 
the new nomenclature. Paradise d’Automne 
Pear is to lie simply Paradise; but the Winter 
Paradise Apples and the Summer Paradise are, 
I presume, to remain, otherwise there would be 
inextricable confusion—in two Pa rad ire apples, 
one Winter and one Summer. That old pear, 
Jalousie do Fontensy Vendee, was called in 
some catalogues. “De Foutonay Vendee,” but 
having lieen described iu pomological works of 
authority under the former name, it has lieen 
retained. It would be going backward to 
strike out the “Jalousie.” although there was 
aud is a “Jalousie” Pear, 
Mr. Downing took the liberty of calling a 
pear raised by Mr. Kuight, of Rhode Island, 
Knight's Seedling, creating the supposition 
that it was the same as some of Thos. Andrew 
Kuight’s seedlings. It was first generally 
described by me, iu the Magazine of Horti¬ 
culture, as “Knight’s R. I. Seedling,” w hich 
poultry business is surely increasing iu profit 
aud importance. The hen on the farm, uneared 
for and often neglected, still pays her way. 
Poultry form the best combinations with the 
growing of small fruits, flowers or bees. The 
best results are obtained wheu the farm is 
given up to exclusive poultry growing. The 
whole attention is then given to the work, and 
the \ cry best methods are studied out. 
It seems strange to think of a hen worth 
more than a curs ; yet there were plenty 
of such on exhibition. One little six-pound 
rooster could not be bought for £800. How 
many ordinary cows would it take to equal 
that price t 
DRINKING FOUNTAIN FOR FOWLS. 
A tin or galvanized iron can that will hold 
about half a gallon, 
srLL' i-4 A i flat on top and bot- 
^ tom, is provided w ith 
III t thm> (Fig. 71). 
|! e |(ji IL. ] p 1 j The bi ittom should be 
'C"V , made like an ordiua- 
11_JgirL- ry pie tin, aud the 
p. .j can part be large 
enough to Come 
within half an inch of the sides at t he bottom 
of the tiu, and, about half an inch up from the 
bottom of the can, there should be live or six 
one-quarter-ineh holes (shown at c e). In the 
bottom there should lie an inch hole fitted for 
a cork or an ordinary can top screw-cap, as 
shown at a. To fill, Invert the can and pour 
in the water through a fuuuel; cork or fasten 
up the hole and set the can on its legs; the 
water will run out of the little holes around 
the base, and partially fill the trough around 
One curious exhibit that attracted much at¬ 
tention was u large Game capon taking care 
of a small brood of chickens. The capon 
looked like a large hen with a rooster’s heavy 
tail and spurs. His comb was undeveloped 
and his benk and head hud little of the War¬ 
like appearance for which his breed is noted. 
The chickens tumbled about over his great 
spurs in their efforts to get under him for 
warmth. The poor fellow looker! unhappy 
enough. The practice of capouizing is but 
little practiced except by those who make a 
business of supplying l'aucy poultry for epi¬ 
cures. The work is most properly done by 
skilled veterinarians. There are men who make 
a specialty of it aud are able to makegood all 
losses. The ordinary poultryman will make 
but'bungliuglnnd cruel work’ of the process, 
and.had much better let it alone, 
