3rrtm$t’l %o tidies. 
CORNELL FARMERS’ INSTITUTE. 
(RURAL SPECIAL REPORT.) 
Attendance good; commercial fertilizers; 
potash in potash salts; South Carolina 
rock; salt; special fertilizers; improve¬ 
ment informing imperative; manure from 
rich feeding stuffs; ''close" feeding of stock. 
In holding this Institute Cornell University 
has taken a step worthy of high commenda¬ 
tion. The meeting was called to order at 11 
A.M.. and Prof. Roberts was elected President 
and Mnj. FT. E. Alvord, of Houghton Farm, 
Secretary. The balance of the forenoon was 
spent in registering names and in making 
the members acquainted with each other. 
President Adams expressed his great pleasure 
in meeting the members and requested them 
to niako themselves at home. 
In the afternoon, a paper from Mr. A. 
Campbell, of Owego, was read; subject, 
Commercial Fertilizers. Continual cropping 
and cattle feeding have removed from the soil 
so much of tho mineral matter used in suc¬ 
cessful plant growth that crops are uu longer 
profitable, and in many cases the forage 
plants are so deficient in mineral elements 
that the animals led thereon fail to thrive, 
while in some cases they even die. He has 
had the most satisfactory results from the use 
of kainit; a field almost barren, by the use of 40* i 
pounds per acre each year had kept two sheep 
per acre, and the land had increased so much 
in fertility that last year it produced 30 
bushels of wheat per acre. There is no such 
thing as exhausting land if annually ma¬ 
nured with kainit, or other potash salts and 
phosphate of lime, and animals pastured 
ou land so manured arc not liable to abortion. 
Prof. Caldwell said potash in kainit costs 
about six cents per pound; in sulphate about 
seven cents, and in muriate about 4\' cents. 
He would not advise the use of sulphate(?) on 
tobacco or sugar beets. Murinte(f) he thought 
the best form of potash for general appli¬ 
cation, 
Mr. J. 8. Woodward said that near the 
large places where potash salts are sold by 
wholesale, the difference in the percentage of 
potash does not make so much difference to 
the purchaser; but where the fertilizers are 
to he transported loug distances by rail, the 
high-grade salts are always tho most desir¬ 
able form in which to buy potash. In kainit 
we get only 350 pounds per ton; in sulphate 
about 500 pounds, while in muriate we get 
1,000 pounds or more, so we should always 
buy the high-grade fertilizers of all kinds. 
Maj. Alvord once thought kainit the most 
desirable form of potash salts; ho now thinks 
differently. It contains too large a propor¬ 
tion of common salt ami magnesia. The only 
place he would now use kainit is in tho stables 
to lw scattered as an absorbent. 
Prof. Caldwell does not believe the action of 
the soil sufficient to dissolve the phosphoric 
acid in South Carolina rock, no matter how 
finely it may be ground, but we really need 
more careful experiments to determine its 
solubility. When dissolved, he thought its 
phosphoric acid just as valuable as that from 
any other source. Mnj. Alvord had seeu uo 
good effects from the use of S. C. rock, even 
when in the form of "floats.” 
Prof. Roberta had applied to 100 rods of 
land, four loads of barn manure worth $4; 
to another plot of equal size $4 worth of chem¬ 
ical fertilizers; with one crop the fertilizer 
was ahead. Timothy hay the past Summer 
was of best color and gave the best yield with 
barn manure. 
F. I). Curtis thought much of the effects of 
all manures depends upon the season; if very 
dry, but. little good results, and barn manures 
sometimes are an actual damage to the crop 
by absorbing and retaining tho moisture. 
Mr. Allis had observed some very marked 
results from the use of salt on crops; it nearly 
doubled a bean crop. 
Prof. Caldwell thought the result duo to the 
solvent effect of the salt and not to any 
mamuial value iu it; it has a tendency to 
make soils more solid and retentive of mois¬ 
ture. 
Iu an essay on commercial fertilizers, Prof. 
Caldwell said there are many sources from 
which we could obtain the elements most ex¬ 
tensively taken from the soil by crops; mul 
each year these are becoming more plentiful 
and cheaper. Where nitrogen once cost 28 or 
•>0 cento per pound, it can now be bad at lfi 
or IS cents. We need more experimenting, 
more science on the farm. There is room for 
very many more agricultural colleges and 
more exin*r incut stations. The great State 
of New \ ork should at least have as mauy of 
the latter as some of the smaller States of 
Europe, which with a territory not much 
larger than some of our counties, have four 
or five of these institutions. He does not be¬ 
lieve in the principle of special fertilizers. 
Different dealers offer different compounds 
for the same crop, and tho same compound for 
different soils. Not all soils are deficient in 
tho same elements, and more depends on the 
soil than on the crop to be grown. 
Maj. Alvord said we need a little more defi¬ 
nite knowledge of what is meant by commer¬ 
cial fertilizers, There is too much guess-work 
as to what they contain and what we get 
when purchasing them. He favors the pur¬ 
chase of phosphate of lime, potash and nitro¬ 
gen in separate forms, and then experiment¬ 
ing to see which our soils need, and then the 
manufacture of our own compounds. 
J. 8. Woodward, in a talk on 'Brains and 
Manure on the Farm,” said the soils of New 
York were once rich; that they are now poor 
all concede. That we cannot subsist rais¬ 
ing IU to 12 bushels of wheat per acre, is too 
evident, We must either do better or sell out 
to those who can, and go West. The differ¬ 
ence between the magnificent crops of our 
fathers and the meager crops grown by us is 
due solely to the exhaustion of the soil. There 
is only one means of restoring its fertility— 
"manure.” By manure he meant any thing 
contributing to the growth of plants. He is 
an advocate of commercial fertilizers, and 
fully believes that by judicious selection and 
use, they can be made to pay. But when a 
ton is purchased, or when a load of barn man¬ 
ure is bought, the cost must be obtained before 
we can count any projit from their use. And 
right here is where the application of brains is 
needed on the farm. By their use it is possible 
to nyest the rich feeding stuffs that are being 
sent through the State from the West, and to 
combine them with the half-fattened animals 
iu such a way as to make profit and give us 
all the rich manure we cure to use. and such 
manure is a "complete fertilizer.” When we 
purchase a ton of cotton-seed meal and feed 
it to stock, we should remember that, if prop¬ 
erly saved and returned to the soil, the nitro¬ 
gen, the phosphoric acid and the potash con¬ 
tained iu the raauure therefrom, would be 
worth, at the prices given, at least $30 per 
ton. A ton of linseed meal would give manure 
worth $17.50; a ton of bran, $13; a ton of 
clover hay, over $0. It must he n poor feeder 
indeed who cannot, if he adds one-half of 
these values to the value of the annuals sold, 
show a profit in feeding; while a very good 
feeder, who makes great use of his "brains” 
in the operations, can show a nice profit, be¬ 
sides having all the manure at no cost. To 
accomplish this very desirable result, we must 
keep the stock iu warm barus and under the 
mi >st favorable conditions. He is in favor of 
close feeding and no exercise. j. s. w. 
(To be continued.) 
iUisccl Unions. 
CATALOGUES, ETC., RECEIVED. 
The Vermont Farm Machine Co., Bellows 
Falls, Vermont,—Catalogues illustrating and 
describing the various implements manufac¬ 
tured by this reliable firm. The celebrated 
Cooley Creamers, the Davis Swing Churn, the 
Eureka Butter Worker and other excellent 
dairy implements are fully shown, Every 
wide-awake dairyman should examine this 
catalogue. Iu the fight against "bogus ’ but¬ 
ter he will need to make use of the facts con¬ 
tained therein. Ho who seeks to make "gilt- 
edged” butter must acquaint himself with 
every detail of the business. It has been 
proved from carefully prepared figures that 
in 1884 creamery butter sold both in Boston 
and New York, for five cents j>or pound more 
than the best dairy butter. The prices were 
averaged for each month in the year. The 
Pneumatic Fruit Drier and other implements 
for paring, coring and slicing fruits have re¬ 
ceived the highest commendations from prac¬ 
tical fruit growers. The information con¬ 
tained in this pamphlet will be of interest to 
any man who owns even a single fruit tree. 
Tub Spangler Manufacturing Company, 
York, Pa.—The first catalogue issued by this 
house is given up to a concise description of 
the corn planter, lime spreader, grain drill 
and other agricultural implements which they 
manufacture. A well arranged and valuable 
pamphlet. The Spangler Corn Planter is fur¬ 
nished with a fertilizer distributor which is 
said to work admirably. I .nek of sjjace for¬ 
bids our giving an extended description of 
t his implement. It must be seen to be appre¬ 
ciated. It. is the fashion in these days to de¬ 
vote a considerable portion of the various 
advertising pamphlets to what may Ik; called 
the literature of the subject advertised. This 
pamphlet proves no exception to this mle. 
Among other excellent articles we Notice one 
on "Lime in Agriculture,” taken from the 
Fertilizer Number of the Rural. Send for 
the pamphlet. It is well worth reading. 
W. W. Rawson & Co., 34 South Market 
Street, Boston, Mass.—Mr. Rawson is said to 
be the largest producer of vegetables in New 
England, owning 40 acres, leasing 00, and hav¬ 
ing 10 acres under glass. The catalogue is 
one of the costliest and most comprehensive 
we have seen and has been arranged by a 
master hand and an experienced head. It is 
filled with illustrations worthy of the name. 
Many novelties are offered; the Bird Canta¬ 
loupe, Rawson’s Clipper, claimed to be earlier 
than any other pea; Cory Corn, etc. The cat¬ 
alogue offers Bliss’s Abundance and Ever- 
bearing Peas, the Rural New-Yorker Thor 
oughbred Flint—by far the best com for 
ensilage purposes; Manshury Bariev, about 
which we have had a number of inquiries. 
The flower novelties are many and a ttractive. 
The catalogue should be in the hands of all 
our readers. 
Report ok the National Swine Breed¬ 
ers’ Association, from the Secretary, Phil. 
M. Springer of Springfield, Ill.—One of the 
most valuable pamphlets cn hogs and hog 
products that we have seen. Every farmer 
in America ought to read the papers on Sani¬ 
tary Reform, Swine Diseases, and Foreign 
Restrictions. The papers by Phil. M. Springer 
and N. L. Bonham on The Berkshire Hog— 
His Mission in America, and The Evolution of 
the Poland-Chma Hog, are generally looked 
upon as standard histories. In the discussions 
which followed the reading of these papers 
we find some of the most practical suggestions 
regarding the feeding and handling of hogs. 
Sardy’s Concentrated Plant Food.— 
A circular from A. L. Sardy, 10 Burling Slip, 
New York, containing a short lecture on 
Simple Chemistry for Practical Farmers, and 
many other facte of interest to those who use 
co mm ercial fertilizers. Some excellent let¬ 
ters are printed from well-known and reliable 
farmers as to the value of this plant food 
The price of this fertilizer is $28.00 per ton. 
and the freight is paid to your nearest rail¬ 
road station. 
The Thermostatic 1 ncubator. —Circular 
from E. S. Renwick, 19 Park Place, New 
York. This circular of 20 pages, discusses 
the scientific points involved in artificial in 
cubation and presents numberless letters from 
those who have used the Thermostatic Incuba¬ 
tor with success. We saw it iu operation at 
the late poultry show. It appeared to give 
good satisfaction. 
8tatk Almanacs from ells, Richardson 
& Co., Burlington, Yt.—These are arranged 
tor each State in the Union, giving agricul¬ 
tural statistics and historical facte, as well as 
much other interesting information. One is 
sent to all who apply. If it is sent wherever 
the well-known butter color goes, the country 
will be well covered. 
New Victor Feed Cutter, Champion 
Vegetable Cutter and Champion Double 
Spring-tooth Riding Harrow.— Circular 
from John R. Whittemore, Chicopee Falls, 
These 
IV. T. L ATTIN, 
, Originator and Breeder of 
BLACK AND MOTTLED JAVA FOWLS 
GAINES, ORLEANS CO.. N. Y. 
Fowls, $5.00 each. Eggs. $3.00 per 15; $5.00 per 30. 
Wyandottes & Ply. Rocks. 
Eggs from selected mature birds only. Circulars free. 
T. YV1LTON HILL, Janiesbarg, N. J, 
POULTRY-CHOLERA & GAPES 
ALWAYS CURED!!! 
FIVE YEARS TRTAL —SO FAILURES t 
Haven's Climax Condition Powder. 
"It has never failed to Cure I'oulfrv-Cholera anil 
Gapes. AmrSTTS OCNTHKR, Harlingen, N. .1. 
I ennnot make turkey raising profitable without 
it. Ltncomk B. Rejeb, Princeton Junction, N. .r 
“I know It will cure Gapes."— Wesley Stillwell. 
Freehold. N. J. 
“These men who test Ify are of the best standing." W 
S. Stkong, Mayor of New Brunswick, N. J. 
14 Ounce Packages, 25c. of Dealers. By mail, 10c. 
Pamphlets Free by Mail. 
WM. RUST & SONS 
1*. O. Box 1 -01, New Brunswick 
Ask your Dealer for It. 
BLOOD WILL TELL. 
Have bred fine Poultry for fifteen years and am sell 
lng a superior stock of Poultry and Eargs of the follow 
ing varieties: 
Plymouth Rocks, American Domlnlipies.Wvaiidnttes. 
Single Comb \\ hlte and Crown Leghorns, Silver Span¬ 
gled Hamhurp, ami Pelcin Duefc-. Am breeding from 
high-scoring birds (liar have wou the highest honors in 
the show room. Price of Eggs: Wyandotte. *3.50 for 13; 
*0.00 for 10. All other varieties «.•« for i J: St.50 each Tor 
two or more .ictrlngs. Eggs packed In new baskets to 
go safely any distance, send for circular. Address 
„ „ „ JONES WILCOX. 
P. O. Box 10. East Chatham, N. Y. 
THE SILVER CUP, 
value *50.00, offered by d & Bartou for the largest 
percentage of chickens hatched was awarded to 
THE STANDARD INCUBATOR, 
Manufactured by L. X. CLARK & SON. Dealers in all 
the leading Incubators. Poultry Supplies, etc. 
38 DEY STREET. NEW YORK 
Meutlon this paper. 
SHELLBONE for POULTRY 
A mixture of Pure Bone and Ground Oyster Shells 
- 1 , 1 ' r - ''“oiid-. 50 Pounds 
81.50, by freight, samples. ,05e. mall. 
T. II, BOCK, Crisfield, Maryland. 
all guaranteed. 
Partridge Cochins. Plymouth Rocks, Wyandottes 
amis. S. Hamburg?. Per Setting, 83: Two Settings. 
Rrahmas, Langshans. Brown Leghorns, and 
Pekin Ducks. Per Setting. *•». 
Orders for stock arul Egrs may be sent to 3S Dev St . 
New x ork City, or direct ro yards. 
M .< n-^KK * BROWS, Proprietors. 
Mention this paper.] Franklin. Essex Co., X. Y. 
lb Edition. 106 Pages, explains 
tl.e business. Symptoms and rem¬ 
edies for all discuses. Written by 
a farmer for turners. 2:>rts. in 
stamps, or one el. a year for my 
experience, A » page l|l, Cir. free. 
A. M.LAXG, Cove Dale, Kv. 
Mass., describing the above tools, 
implements are cheap and durable. The use 
of feed and vegetable cutters is on the in¬ 
crease. 
Catalogue of Holstein Cattle at 
Wood I. awn Stock Farm, from G. W. 
Thompson & Son, Stelton, N. ,J.—It is not 
expected that members of this herd trill be¬ 
come phenomenal or "bonanza” stock; but 
that they will prove deep milkers and good 
servicable cattle seems evident. 
Lewis Rorsch, Fredonia, N. Y.—Descrip¬ 
tive catalogue of grape-vines, small fruits, 
etc. Colored plates of the Niagara and Em¬ 
pire State Grapes. Hints as to success iu 
grape and small fruit growing. The Ru¬ 
ral wants grape-vines and small fruits 
about the homes of all its subscribers. Free. 
Poudukttk, OR Night Soil.— Circular from 
G. S. Piekering, 135 Fifth St., Troy, N. Y., 
in which night soil is described as "the cheap¬ 
est and best fertilizer in the world.” To leant 
the arguments aud figures advanced iu sup¬ 
port of this theory, send for the circular. 
George S. Josselyn, Fredonia, N. Y.— 
Descriptive list of American grape-vines, 
small fruit plants, etc. Mr. J. is the intro¬ 
ducer of Fay’s Prolific Currant—probably 
tho best variety iu cultivation. Free. 
Buchans "Silaeh Fleece Dip.”— Pam¬ 
phlet from the Carbolic Soap Co., 83 John 
St., New York, giving facte as to the symp¬ 
toms, history' aud treatment of scab in sheep. 
Well printed and illustrated. 
Burning Brands and Steel Stamps.— 
Those desiring any information iu regard to 
any articles in this line should send to J. E. 
Mathewsou, 274 Main St., Springfield, Mass., 
for circular. 
E. B. Underhill, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 
Berry-Leaf and Price-list,—A circular of 
small fruits, with a beautiful colored picture 
of the Empire State Grape. 
Ellis Bros., Keene, N. H.—Pelargoniums, 
carnations, roses, etc; flower and vegetable 
seeds; eggs of Wyandotte, Leghorn aud 
Laugshau fowls. Free. 
F. 55. GAY LOR, Nassau, N. Y. 
A-ME BANTAMS 
OF THE MOST FASHIONABLE STRAINS. 
Excalsior, P. Rock, L. Brahmas, & Wyandottes 
A SPECIALTY of FOWLS pop, FARMERS. 
Wp exhibited a pen of Five Plymouth Rocks, aver 
avlnK ten pounds . jch. at N Y. Fanciers' Club Show 
where we won First Prize on P. Rock Breeding Pen 
Birds for sale at all times. Eggs. *5 for 13. 
SCIDDER A: TOWNSEND. 
Gleu Head, N. Y. 
From Prize Wyandottes. P. Rock. Langshans 
and Lt. Brahmas, at *2 and *5 per 13. Few 
sale. W. R. TEETER, Pirtston, Pa. 
I1ALSTED S PERFECTED CENTENNIAL 
"H Incubatom 
At Brooders 
the.'- u.ii.io 
IE chine* through 
■ B 111 fhe 
i a i'"siti\,h \ui., 
IfHnmtic. Send '! 
BBKum. cent stamp for 
ATf fcjjT -—-_ Z-Jf Illustrated cir 
A I ^S^eulars toCVnfen- 
• "W 1 -" J - w ^ Bx. 250.Rye,N.Y. 
Owr 5O «00 machine, only $20, Is ftivlug*unqualified 
satisfaction. 
I I ARTFOR l> 
Wire Netting Co. 
MAXIF-UTTRER OK 
POULTRY SETTING , 
HARTFORD, CT. 
Manufacture the best and sell 
the cheapest. Send stamp for 
prices. Mention this paper. 
CAN'T BE BEAT! 
THE “STANDARD” 
WIRE NETTING 
POULTRY FENCE. 
Only One Cent per Square Foot , for 2 -inch 
Mrsh, No. 19 Wire. 
IN BALKS OF 150 LINEAL FEET. 
Hatchers, Brooders, Poultry Houses, etc. Supplies 
of all kinds for the Poultry' Yard, Don Kennel, and 
Garden. W rite for Circular. 
Brockner A Evans, 
(Formerly 422 West St.) 28 Vesey Street, N. Y. 
