248 
WM+i , 
yS<H 
IT,?'- • 
m ■ 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
B1L 
i a the middle and a distance equal to the slant 
on the stock added to the distance it is desired 
vo have it extend under the bark below the 
slant; one half is merely cut wedge-shape at 
the point; the other is cut off an inch and a 
half long, and is whittled, from the inside, to 
a point. It is then applied to the stock as 
shown in the out, the shorter end being insert¬ 
ed beneath the bark at the apex, and the longer 
md at the base-slit, and both are pressed home 
till the don sets closely and firmly to the 
stock, when it is bound with the cloth, or tied 
with string and waxed. 
Of course, in all these forms of grafting in 
which the cion or any part of it is to be in¬ 
serted and slipped down beneath the bark,the 
operation must be deferred until the bark be¬ 
comes more or less loose; the other methods 
may be practiced at any time from the open¬ 
ing of Spring till the trees are iu bloom; for 
apples, pears, plums and cherries must be 
grafted very early or not at all, as after there 
has been the least circulation of sap, grafting 
is almost sure to faiL Split grafting and 
tongue grafting, wheu used in grafting apples 
or pears for nursery purposes, may lie done 
at any time during Winter, and if the 
‘•grafts” are packed in damp sand, after be¬ 
ing “worked,” and kept in a moderately cool 
cellar, they will be found nicely united by 
planting time, and, if well cared for, scarcely 
one in a hundred will fail to grow. 
Grafting Wax can be made according to 
vaiious formulas. Four pounds of resin, 
two pounds of tallow and one of beeswax 
make a very good wax. Six pounds of resin, 
one pint of raw linseed oil and two pounds 
of beeswax also make a good article. Four 
pounds of resin, two pounds of beeswax and 
one-and-one-hall pound of tallow make a capi¬ 
tal, though rather expensive wax. In all 
cases the materials are to he melted together, 
thoroughly stirred and poured into cold wa¬ 
ter and pulled by hand until nearly white. 
To prevent the wax from sticking to the 
hands, the latter must be kept thoroughly 
wet and be occasionally greased with tallow. 
Waxed Cloth is made of any old calico or 
muslin, or may be made of rather tender new 
muslin saturated with a mixture of lour parts 
of resin, two parts of tallow and two parts of 
beeswax, melted together. To saturate the 
cloth, it is torn into strips about 10 inches 
wide, and closely wound upon a small iron rod 
into u roll of auy convenient size. These rolls 
are kept immersed in the hot mixture until 
fully saturated. The cloth is then drained of 
all surplus mixture, and unrolled and laid 
upon any wet surface to cool. In using, it is 
torn into strips a half inch wide, and these are 
wound upon the grafts, the bauds overlapping 
each other so as to be air and water-tight. 
With this full description, none of our read¬ 
ers should have any difficulty in learning how 
to graft by any of these methods, and one 
worthless tree changed into some valuable 
sort, will in a single year pay many times the 
cost of the Rural. 
ftuml (l0j)kS. 
(0round's of the ifurut 
gtrro-^lorkfr. 
TESTS WITH PEAS. 
Carter’s First Crop or Ringleader, 
planted April 20, gave the first picking June 
16. There was no appreciable difference be¬ 
tween it and other “First Crop” Peas. 
Puget Sound, from A. G. Tillinghast, La 
Conner, Skagit County, Washington Territory. 
The average bight of the vines was two feet, 
branching just above the soil, forming an av¬ 
erage of five stems to a plant. Each entire 
plant averaged 85 pods, covering seeds of the 
largest size, wrinkled and of fine quality. 
Pods in pairs, it is a splendid variety in 
every way. Fifty pods weighed 10X ounces, 
contained 225 seeds, of the largest size, which 
weighed 5X ounces. 
Breck’s Excelsior, from Jos. Breck & 
Sous, Boston, Mass., planted April 20—first 
picking June 16. The plants are not so high 
by six inches as most other first-crop peas, 
while in other respects they are much the 
same. 
Pride of America. —Seeds of this new pea 
were received from James Carter & Co., of 
London, England. This variety resembles 
the famous Stratagem, introduced by tbe 
same firm, though about 10 days later. Fifty 
pods weighed 14 ounces, contained 200 seeds 
which weighed 7% ounces, a large proportion¬ 
ate weight of seeds to full |pods. The seeds 
were of the largest size. The quality is about 
the same as that of Stratagem. 
Bliss’s Abundance, —This was tested here 
several years ago by numbers before it was 
offered for sale. We followed the instruc¬ 
tions given us, viz., to plant the seeds six 
inches apart. This is well enough if every 
seed would grow; otherwise many gaps will 
occur. We should prefer to plant closer and 
thin out after a - stand is insured. The Abund- | 
anee is a good intermediate pea, the vines 
branching remarkably and bearing as many 
peas as could reasonably be desired. The 
pods are of medium size, the peas wrinkled, 
large and of good quality. 
Bliss’s Everbearing is much like the 
Abundance, though the seeds are of the largest 
Fifty pods weighed 12 ounces, containing 33 1 
seeds, which weighed six ounces. Seeds large, 
of fine quality. 
TOMATOES. 
The Eclipse of Sharpe & Co., England, 
seems to lie merely the old Pear-shaped Toma¬ 
to. 
Ho vet is of medium size, firm, pinkish 
color, smooth and very productive. 
Carter’s Acme (England) is of a dull yel- 
VANCOUVER POTATO. From Nature. Fig. 137. 
size and the plants blossom and mature fruit 
during a longer period. The quality is excel¬ 
lent; the vines grow about two feet high, and 
though they do not require support, are better 
for it. This pea has the same branching 
habit, each plant forming, in good soil, a little 
bush. Our readers will not regret a trial of 
both the Abundance and the Everbearing. 
Cable, from O. H. Alexander, Charlotte, 
Vermont, grows IS inches high. It is a very 
prolific, branching pea, short-join ted, strong- 
growing, and needing no brush. The pods are 
lowish-red color, medium size, very firm and 
smooth. 
Early Market (Johnson & Stokes, Phila¬ 
delphia, Pa.) is of medium size, smooth, nearly 
Acme color, but lighter, smooth, firm, pro¬ 
ductive. This and the Hovey are much alike. 
Wonder of Italy is a modification of the 
King Humbert or Pear-shaped Tomato, yel- 
lowish-red iu color. 
Optimus, from D. M. Ferry & Co. We 
doubt if this has any superior at present. 
TROY POTATO. From Nature. Fig. 138. 
often in pail's, aud average a dozen to a stem. 
The seeils are large, though not uniformly so. 
Fifty pods weighed eight ounces, containing 
260 seeds, which weighed four ounces. An 
intermediate. 
Prolific, from same, did not grow quite 
so tall as the Cable; not so uniform in bight. 
They were fit to pick at about the same time. 
Color yellowish-red, very smooth, ripens all 
over fully, is never green about the stem. It 
is firm without cracks or unusual liability to 
rot, and ripens its main crop as early as any. 
Challenge, from Robert Buist, Jr., Phila¬ 
delphia, Pa., is an immense yielder, yellowish- 
red in color, generally smooth, sometimes 
ribbed. Large average size. 
EARLY PEARL POTATO. From Nature. Fig. 130 
Fifty pods wieghed 8X ounces, containing 268 
seeds, which weighed four ounces. 
Atlantic, from same, averaged a little 
over two feet high. Fairly prolific, medium- 
sized pods in pah’s; strong stems, healthy foli¬ 
age. An average of 10 pods to a vine. Fair 
quality, half-wrinkled. 
Early Paragon was received from Charles 
Sharpe & Co., Sleaford, England. The vines 
grew five feet high, bearing very large pods 
(singly), which were not always well filled. 
Belle, from same, is firm large, shapely, 
rarely with prominent lobes or seams. It 
does not crack and is free from rot. 
Select Cardinal, from Moses Parker, 
M. D., Groveland, Essex Co., Mass., is firm, 
smooth, of medium size aud good. 
Exquisite, from same, is of medium size, 
orange color, firm, ripens fully, very prolific. 
Tom Thumb, from R. & J. Farquhar 19 
S. Market Street., Boston, Mass., has dwarf 
vines and curled leaves. Tomatoes lobed and 
irregular. It has no merits that we dis¬ 
covered. 
sweet corn. 
Here are the results of careful comparative 
tests with sweet corn made at the Rural Ex. 
Grounds: Planted May 9; Early Narragansett 
and Minnesota were ready for the table July 
20, though the ears were small and imperfect, 
those of the latter being more matured. The 
plants were four feet high to the tip of the 
tassel. Both kinds bear but one ear of from 
8 to 12 rows to a stalk. They were the only 
kinds in use up to August 11. The Cory, ac¬ 
cording to accounts, will now take the place 
of these. 
Moore’s Early Concord was fit to eat 
August 11. It is more prolific than either of 
the above. The ear is generally 12-rowed,aud 
six inches long. The stalks were slender and 
four-and-a-half feet high. 
Triumph was also ready with Moore’s. 
This grows five feet high, generally one ear 
(12 to 14 rows) to a stalk. 
Tuscarora. was also ready for the table 
August 11. B talks six feet high. Generally 
two ears to a.stalk. Ears long aud from 8 to 
10 rows, often widely separated. The kernels 
are large, oval, rather flat aud perfectly 
white. They do not shrivel as do most kinds 
of sweet corn, and though tender are not 
sweet. 
Hickox grows six feet high. Boiling ears 
ready August 12. Generally eight rows, ears 
long and tapering, often two to a stalk, but 
there are more barren stalks than in Tusea- 
t 
rora. 
Asylum grows five-aud-a-half feet high, 
oue ear to a stalk, ready for use August 11. 
The ears are 10 to 12 rows, regular and well 
tilled out. 
Mammoth ready for use August 16. Stalks 
seven feet high. The ears are large, 12 to 18 
rows, one to a stalk. 
Black Mexican was ready for use August 
17. Stalks six feet high, leafy aud slender. 
Often two ears to a stalk, generally S to 10 
rows eight inches long. They are ready for 
cooking several days before they show color, 
though sweet aud buttery for several days 
after. 
Stowell's Evergreen. Stalks six feet 
high and heavy. Ears shapely, 14 to 20 rows, 
small kernels. Ready for boiling August 19. 
Egyptian or Washington Market ready 
to cook August 19. Stalks seven feet high. 
Often two ears to a stalk, about 14 rows, 
short, stubby, well filled out. 
POTATO TESTS CONTINUED. 
SOIL, CULTURE, ETC. 
Subscribers should understand that these tests are 
made In a rich, moist, garden soil. The erop never 
suffers seriously either from drought or too much 
wet. as the laud is well drained. Not only has farm 
manure ltcen liberally supplied, but fertilizers of ev¬ 
ery kind have been used Iu abundaucc. Potatoes have 
been raised on this plot fur six consecutive years. 
Trenches are dug one foot wide aud six Inches deep, 
and three feet apart. Two Inches of soli are raked 
back In the trenches, and the seed pieces (two strong 
eyes each) are placed one foot apart. Two inches of 
gull are then raked over them, and the fertilizer Is 
strewn evenly at the rate of about 1,000 pounds to 
the acre. The rest of the soil Is then returned to the 
trenches as loosely as possible. The cultivation Is 
then effected by hand cultivators, and hilling up is 
studiously avoided. 
Poor Man’s Friend, from T. Bacon, Wau- 
comla, Ills., originated with Geo. Vasey, Volo, 
Tils , Yield at the rate of 868 bushels per acre, 
not more than half of marketable size. Shape 
cylindrical, eyes rather deep. Flesh purple- 
streaked. Late. It “straggles” as much as 
tmy potato we have ever raised, 
Swingley’s Pride, sent by William Mur¬ 
ray of Alt. Gilead Ohio, originated with Dr. 
Bwingley of that place. Tbe yield was at the 
rate of 403.33 bushels {ier acre, three-quarters 
of marketable size. Very irregular in shape. 
Deep eyes, pink skin. Late. Eaten Nov. 2. 
Nearly white flesh, not mealy. 
Vancouver from Henry Hard, Middlesex 
Co. Conn, The yield of 14 pieces was 16X 
pounds—05 tubers, 47 marketable. Best five 
weighed three pounds ®X ounces. Yellow-buff 
skin. Medium long, often pointed at oue end. 
Eyes medium in number anti prominence 
Yield per acre 285.21. Eaten Nov. 21. White 
flesh, fine-grained. About the quality of 
Early Rose. Late. Bee Fig. 137. 
Market Garden from O. H. Alexander, 
Charlotte, Vermont.. This is an ill-shapen po¬ 
tato of no value as judged by this trial. Plant¬ 
ed April 20—matured Aug. 13. 
Gen. Logan from same. Nearly all small 
and of irregular shape. 
Canada Red from same. Five pieces 
yielded eight pounds, or at the rate of 387.20 
bushels per aero. There were 18 tubers, of 
which 13 were markettttic. Best five weighed 
four pounds 11 ounces. The largest potato 
weighed one pound 10 ounces. Deep eyes, ir¬ 
regular shape. Eaten Nov. 23, nearly white 
flesh, not very dry. 
