§38 
THE RURAL HEW-Y^RKER, 
(Confirmed from page 237.) 
dents here have tried setting out apple trees, 
but with uo success, as in the first, place they 
were swindled by the fruit agent. I set out 
apple, pear and other trees on one of my 
places, and my daughter sent me five barrels 
of apples from those trees in the Fall. When 
I was bargaining with the fruit agent I told 
him I wanted trees that would bear while I 
was on earth, and got large trees. I never 
lose any trees, as 1 set them out right by giv¬ 
ing them plenty of room Cor roots, and putting 
the ground in good shape. I don’t think there 
is a more healthful country than this; the air 
and water are pure and there is plenty of 
both. Most of the time the wind blows from 
the south. The Yellowstone National Park is 
only 35 miles above here. b. p. v. 
Nebraska. 
Zeven, Sherman Co., March 25.— A l l the 
Rural seeds did well except the Johnson 
Grass. Wheat, 57 cents; corn, 18 cents; pota¬ 
toes, 35 cents; hogs, $3.40. Yield of corn 
equal to last year’s, but quality poorer. Rasp¬ 
berry plants perfectly hardy. No seeding 
done yet. “x.” 
New York. 
Sharov Center, Schoharie Co.. March 96. 
Produce is very low. Hay, $13; oats, 35 cents; 
butter, new. 25cents; eggs, 12 cents; cows, $35; 
clover seed, $0.50 to $7; potatoes, 50 cents. 
Hired help by the month and board from §12 
to §20 as to quality. Stock has wintered well, 
and there is fodder enough to last till grass. 
S. L. 
Virginia. 
Cherlemont, Bedford Co., March 27.—After 
the most severe Winter for 29 years, we are 
enjoying a nice spell of weather. Wheat came 
through all right, being covered with snow 
during the hardest freezes. Farmers have near¬ 
ly finished sowing oats, clover and grass seeds; 
a good deal of t< tbacco and corn laud broken. 
Prices: wheat §1.00; corn 55 to 60 cents; 
oats, winter, 60 cents; spring. 40 to 45 cents; 
Timothy 95 cents; meadow hay 35 cents per 
100 pounds; potatoes 60 to 75 cents; butter 
15 ceuts, and eggs 8 cents per dozen, e. s. m. 
Lovingston, Nelson Co., March 22. —Wheat 
is looking well, and there is a larger area 
seeded than usual. Oats about all seeded, but 
area smaller than last year’s. Plant beds for 
tobacco all sown. Stock of all kinds in better 
condition than for years at this season. Hogs 
very scarce on account of disease last year. 
Everything in our line cheap. Wheat, §1,90; 
corn, 50 cents; oats, 49 cents; eggs, 12 cents; 
butter, 20 ceuts for prime; beef, 8 cents; pork, 
6 cents. Success to the Rural! .t. r. 
ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. 
[Every query must be accompanied by the name 
anri address of the writer to insure attention. Before 
asking a question, please see If it is not answered in 
our advertising columns. Ask only a few questions at 
one time. Put questions on a separate piece of paper.] 
FERTILIZER QUERIES. 
E. C. W., Th.etford.-l. 1 have a lot of raw 
bones which I wish to use on a plot of ground 
for strawberries next Spring. I also have a 
No. 3 Wilsoh Bros. Bone Mill with which I 
will grind the bones, but it does not reduce 
them as fine as I desire, or as would make 
them immediately available as plant food: 
can I not mix them, after grinding, with wood 
ashes in deep boxes,and by keeping them damp 
fit them in time for early use? 2. Would 
it not be a good plan to burn a part of the bones 
and then grind them, as by this means I can 
get them much finer. 3. On five-eighths acre 
of corn ground that was rich enough to bear 
a good crop last year, I propose to put 30 one- 
horse. loads of excellent stable manure; what 
shall I add in fine bone and wood ashes to pro¬ 
duce the best results? 4. I can buy whole 
bones at $10 per ton; the grinding will cost 
$6 to $8 more; is not the product worth half 
as much as the fine bone which I buy costing 
from §49 to $45? 5. If the bone is used as 
proposed in No. 1, would it pay to use 
nitrate of soda? 
Ans.— 1. You can do no better, using about 
twice as much ashes as bone, and being caie- 
ful not to use so much water as to leach the 
potash from them. 2. No. If the bones were 
ground and mixed with tin- ashes, they 
would soon lie thoroughly decomposed and in 
the best condition for use. 3. It is a matter 
of trial, and no one could advise you correct¬ 
ly without experimenting. Try different 
quantities of the reduced bone and ashes, as 
described—from 400 to 1900 pounds per acre. 
Mark the plots and watch the results. 4. 
A ton of the bones bought at home, when re- 
reduced by grinding and the use of ashes, will 
be worth more than any ton of fine bones you 
could buy; besides, it will have the advantage 
of the ashes. 5. This also is a matter of trial. 
The bones would contain much nitrogen, aud 
if used in connection with the stable manure, 
that would add much more, and still a mod¬ 
erate application of nitrate of soda in the 
Spring of the second or bearing year, say just 
after the ma in crop has blossomed, may add 
much to the yield. Try in a small way, using 
209 pounds per acre. 
SMALL FRUIT ANSWERS. 
“Fruit GrowerWestern, <V. I'.—1. As to 
the direction of the rows of small fruits, 
those for grapes should run north and south; 
it makes no difference for berries. 2. The 
most convenient length of rows for picking is 
about 290 feet. 3. Having “enough plants 
for an acre of Wilson Strawberries,” on a 
sandy loam soil, three other ki uds would be 
enough for another acre—Crescent, Woodruff 
and Sharpless. 4. Tyler for early; Ohio for 
medium, and Gregg for late black raspberries 
are quite enough varieties, unless you wish to 
test a few new kinds. 5. Having enough 
Cuthbert and Shaffer to set an acre of each, 
Marlboro alone would be good on two acres 
more. No; it would not be advisable to set 
more Cuthbert; Marlboro is usually more 
profitable in your soil and location. 6. “A 
good yield of red raspberries, per acre,” would 
be 50 bushels. 7. For planting on “a sandy 
loam, strong enough to raise a fail- crop of 
corn,” besides the Kittatiuny Blaeklterry, of 
which you have enough, we would suggest 
that Taylor's Prolific is hardy, of good size 
and tine quality, 8. Victoria, Cherry aud a 
few Fay’s Currants would be advisable. 9. 
Downing and a few Industry Gooseberries. 
19. Rows of black raspberries should be seven 
feet apart, and the plants two or three feet iu 
the row. 11. Rows of red raspberries should 
lie four feet apart; hills four feet apart each 
way. 12. Of blackberries the rows should bo 
eight feet apart; plants three feet apart in the 
rows. 13. Of strawberries the rows should be 
three-and-a-half feet apart; plants one foot 
apart in the rows. 14. Currants should be set 
four to five feet apart both ways. 
FERTILIZER QUERIES. 
“Comanche,” Comanche, Tex.—l. Although 
this section has a very rich soil, yet we need 
fertilizers. Barn-yard manure, unless thor 
oughly composted) does more harm than good 
in a dry season. What commercial fertilizers 
can be safely and economically applied? 2. 
In a soil naturally rich, is Peruvian guano 
enough for garden crops? 3. What is t he best 
fertilizer for the first crop of cabbage? 
Ans.— 1. If the barn-yard mauure is plowed 
in sufficiently early so that it may get thorough¬ 
ly wet after plowing, it will hold the moisture 
nearly all Summer, and we can not see how 
it could do harm. 2. Bone dust, made very 
fine , would not have any caustic properties 
whatever. 3. Peruvian guano gives good re¬ 
sults; but we doubt its being as cheap as some 
of the complete fertilizers. We should use 
barn-yard manure composted with the bone 
dust, aud also apply wood ashes if we could 
get them, bone dust aud potash in some form, 
either wood ashes, kainit or muriate of potash, 
with a heavy dressing of rotted barn-yard 
manure plowed in. Special fertilizers for 
cabbage are offered by the chief manufactur¬ 
ers of fertilizers. 
HORSE IN “POOR CONDITION.” 
L. B., Beltrille , Ohio.—It seems impossible 
to put flesh on a six-year-old horse. He has 
not eaten his hay or grain well all Winter. 
The hair has disappeared from the places 
touched by the harness, aud elsewhere it looks 
dead. There are small pimples on his right 
side. What should be done for him ? Draw¬ 
ing his wolf teeth did him no good. 
ANSWERED BY F. L. KILBOKNE, B. V. S. 
That the horse is badly out of condition is 
very evident; but I cannot tell by the descrip¬ 
tion what is the cause of this condition. 1 
suspect, however, that the animal lacks both 
proper food and care. Feed more liberally. 
If the animal does not do well on whole grain, 
try ground feed. Mix equal parts, by meas¬ 
ure, of corn meal and wheat bran, two parts 
of ground oats aud one eighth part of oil-meal. 
Feed four to six quarts three times daily. 
Give the annual good, thorough grooming 
daily, not for five minutes, but for, at least, 
half of an hour. This will greatly improve 
the appearance of his coat and the condition 
of the skin. As a tonic, one-half ounce each 
of powdered gentian, ginger aud sodium bi¬ 
carbonate, and two drams of niter twice daily 
may l>e beneficial. We suggest that the next- 
time you are “out-of-sorts” you employ a den¬ 
tist to draw your wisdom teeth. You can 
expect to derive the same benefit from the 
operation that the horse did by having his 
harmless wolf teeth drawn. 
FOREIGN GRAPES FOR A COLD HOUSE. 
J. B. S., New London, Ohio.— What foreign 
grapes can be successfully grown under glass 
without artificial heat with good care? 
Ans. In asking questions of this kind, it 
should always be stated whether the grapes 
are to be grown for market or for family use; 
and it would be well, too, to state the size 
of the house. The following kiuds may 
be “grown under glass, without artificial heat, 
with good care:” Black Hamburgh, Muscat 
Hamburgh, Black Froutignan, Trenthani 
Black, Welcome, Grizzly Frontignan, Royal 
Muscadine, tChasselas de Fontainbleau,) 
White Frontignan. These are all excellent 
grapes for a cold house. If grown for mar¬ 
ket, take the Black Hamburgh alone. It 
would be unwise to attempt the Bo wood Mus¬ 
cat or the Muscat of Alexandria in a cold 
house, except under very favorable conditions 
of exposure. 
IMPERVIOUS TEAT ON A COW. 
G. N, V., Woodbine, la ,—A cow’s teat froze 
the past. Winter; the end has healed over, leav¬ 
ing no aperture. How shall I treat her when 
she calves so as not to lose the teat? 
Ans. —Make a small opening in the end of 
the teat, which shall communicate with the 
natural duct. Insert a small goose quill in 
the opening thus made, tie it in, and allow it 
to remain until the tent is healed. The quill 
should lie first dipped in vaseline or a mix¬ 
ture of equal parts of spermaceti aud almond 
oil, and the teat daily dressed with the same. 
It.would be well to open the teat now and al¬ 
low it to heal before calving. While healing 
in the first place something should have been 
placed in the opening to prevent its dosing, 
thus avoiding the necessity of a subsequent 
operation. 
ANASARCOUS SWELLINGS ON COLT. 
V. M. L., Mill Village, Pa .—About six 
weeks ago an enlargement appeared back of 
each fore-leg of my yearling colt, extending 
the entire length of the belly, the two “ridges’’ 
meeting between the hind-legs, forming p 
large bunch. The urine is of a nasty yellow 
color, and the hair rough and unhealthy-look¬ 
ing. Appetite good and he is quite thirsty. 
Stupid when turned out. Feed aud exercise 
plentiful. What’s the matter? 
Ans. —The swellings are anasareous or 
dropsical. Give, three times daily, one dram 
chlorate of potash, two drams of niter, and 
three drams of sweet spirits of niter. After 
the swellings have gone down, give, twice 
daily, one dram each of powdered cinchona 
bark and niter and two drams of powdered 
gentian root. See Arasarea, in the Farmers’ 
Club of Oct. 24, 1885. 
Miscellaneous. 
W. W. B., Lucas Co., Ohio— For eight pear 
trees for family use in your climate, we would 
choose Angouleme, Anjou, Bartlett, Ilowell, 
Lawrence, Louise Bonne de Jersey; Seckel, 
Sheldon, Tyson, Winter Nelis. Winter Nelis 
might take the place of either Lawrence or 
Louise Bonne, 
J. M. W., Calhoun Co., Mich— No import 
duty can be levied in any part of Montana on 
wheat brought from any part of Dakota. To 
charge duty on any commodity taken from 
any State in the Union to any other is against 
the Constitution of the United States. Import 
duties are chargeable only on goods imported 
iuto the United States from some other coun¬ 
try; aud the same rates of duty on similar ar- 
ticlesare charged on goods from all countries. 
C. W. A., Falcon, Mich.— 1. Do water¬ 
melons, musk-melons, cucumbers, squash, 
citrons, pumpkins, strawberries, etc., of differ¬ 
ent kiuds mix when planted close together? 
2. Do any of the above mix with one another 
when planted together; if so, which should be 
kept apart, and at what distance? 3. How 
can pear trees that grow upright be made to 
spread out? 
Ans.-— laud 2. Yes; that is, the seeds will 
be mixed probably, or are liable to mix. 
Different varieties should be planted a con¬ 
siderable distance apart, It is very doubtful 
if the fruits of the current season are changed. 
The mixture will show itself only in the 
seedliug progeny. 3. Cutback the tops of the 
branches. That is all you can do. 
Ii. L., Newark, Ohio.— 1. Bohemian Oats 
are “hulless” and in quality and yield about 
the same as the average run of oats. They 
are worth about the same price per bushel— 
perhaps a trifle more for those who fancy hul¬ 
less grain. 2. No, they arc not injurious for 
any sort of farm stock; and all will eat the 
grain aud straw as well as those of any other 
varieties of oats. There is no sense in dispa¬ 
raging Die grain because it has been one of 
the means by which swindlers have duped 
farmer’s iu various States. Poor for nrilliirg. 
A. M., Council Bluffs, In ,—The hog fat 
from tankage (bona, blood, atrd fatty matter) 
has no fertilizing power. It will injure the 
solubility of the potash, nitrogen, phosphoric 
acid, etc., iu the other ingredients, 
DISCUSSION. 
C. M. H., Boston, Mass.—A late Rural 
says that it is a move in the right direction to 
say “geraniums, properly pelargoniums,” but 
does not tell us why. Will it please do so? 
Because the geranium is botanically a pelar¬ 
gonium is no more reason it should go by the 
latter name than that the Mountain Ash 
should be called the Mountain Pear just be¬ 
cause it is a pyrus. By and by, according to 
this rule, we can drop a great mauy names as 
superfluous: azaleas, for instance, are nothing 
but rhododendrons botanically, aud our old 
favorite, the hollyhock, is properly a hibiscus; 
the lily of the valley, properly convallaria, 
and the pansy properly viola. While the 
London Garden is trying to popularize names, 
the Rural goesiu for scientific terms exclu¬ 
sively. I must admit I love old names and 
associations and would as soon think of calling 
the blue-bell a campanula and the foxglove a 
digitalis as to call the old geranium a pelar¬ 
gonium. 
R. N.-Y.—No, no, we do not favor botanical 
names in familiar talks or writings. We are 
heartily with our good friend, the Loudon 
Garden, and our esteemed correspondent, too. 
We have ti*ue pelargoniums—like those com¬ 
monly known as Lady Washington Gerani- 
ums, for instance—aud time geraniums, such 
as G. maculatum, G. sanguineum, which are 
hardy herbaceous plants. The botanical 
differences are marked. To cull a pelargo¬ 
nium a geranium or vice versa is in this case, 
therefore, simply to confuse botanical with 
familiar names. It seems to us that pelargo¬ 
nium is as acceptable as a familiar name as 
geranium, and that there is really the same 
objection to calling pelargoniums geraniums 
as there would be to ealliug a rose a haw¬ 
thorn, both belonging to the same order, but 
generically different. As to the apt illustra¬ 
tion of our correspondent, we certainly do 
think that the Mountain Ash is an unfortu¬ 
nate name, and one that has often misled 
people in ordering trees from the nurseries. 
E. B., Dakota. —An answer to an inquiry, 
in a late Farmei-s’ Club, as to what shrubs 
would be likely to succeed iu Nova Scotia, in 
latitude 45 degrees 35 minutes, recommended, 
among others, the Japanese Quince, the vi¬ 
burnums, Purple Hazel and deutzias. The 
Japan Quince is not at all satisfactory here— 
latitude 42 degrees—neither are the viburn¬ 
ums. The Purple Ilazel is not hardy, and 
the deutzias must be protected in Winter. 
The list of desirable shrubs for the “cold 
North” can be expanded by judicious cover¬ 
ing. The Snowball is not mentioned in the 
list, though it is a grand, vigorous, free- 
growing shrub. It is u glorified hydrangea. 
Ho who has induced a farmer to plant one of 
these has done well. Thu same issue recom¬ 
mends the Yellow Transparent and Wolf 
River Apples for Dakota, aud rejects the Gros 
Pomier. Considerable observation in the 
Northwest convinces me that the Gros Pomier 
is hardier than the Wolf River; so is Plumb’s 
Cider. Tn our dry air the Yellow Transparent 
lacks in vigor, and is troubled with “sun 
scald.” Those who, in the cold North, will 
begin their orchards with Duchess, Gros 
Pomier and Wealthy will do well. 
R. N.-Y.—The advice given as to the apples 
is that of Prof. J. L. Budd. Our friendly 
correspondent will agree with us that he is 
accepted as our first authority as to the 
adaptability of fruits to the N. W. As to not 
mentioning the Snowball; is not the Snowball 
a viburnum f Our friend probably refers to 
the Guelder Rose Y. opulus. 
A. D. M., Amherst College.— Will you 
please give the weakest solution of Paris-green 
which will destroy the canker worm; also the 
strongest which will not seriously injure the 
foliage ? 
r. N.-Y.—This question is submitted to our 
readers and contributors. We cannot answer. 
T. H. H., Newport, Vt.—The Primate Ap¬ 
ple, spoken of in a late F. is about as 
hardy os the Baldwin, or, perhaps, a little 
hardier, and in Maine, New Hampshire and 
Vermont it succeeds only along the southern 
borders of those States. It is a fine apple 
where it does succeed. 
Communications Received for the Week Ending 
April 8,1886. 
E. B. D.-L. E. B.-E. P. P.-O. H. A.—E. P. P.-T. II. 
Y. -G. It. W„ thanks. -YV. J. M.- O. R. D.-C. W. A.- 
G. W. A. W.-B. S.-L.B. F.-W, \V. K. B. P. V. H. 
I hunks.—W, S. S. L.-—W. S. M.—J. P-. thanks.—G. II. 
jl,—K. F.-G. M. C.. the poultry number will be Issued 
lu less than five weeks.—MeA. K., answer by mall.—J. 
M. B.—O. H S.-B. H. B.-C. J. It. YV. H. M.-C. E. P.— 
A. D. M.-E. S, 0., all right—O. K. W right, thanks. —J. 
J. H. O.-W. R.-T. T. L.-R. 1).-H. S. M. P. W.-D. J. 
F.-W. S.-C. YV. O.-W. M.-K. YV. 0 L. B. L.—P. T.— 
C. YV. H. E. YV. E. V. R, G. J. W. L.—F. H.—G. P.— 
B. C.—M. F.—B. C. H. F. W. 11. M, M. •!. M.J.—J. G. 
V—A. C.—L. P.—G. C. U.—F. 8, YV. It. YV.—F. L.-II. 
A.-A. L. YV. O. S.-It. E, U, J. O—E. C. p.-B. M. 
M. N. K.-L. C. B.-C. E. V.-G. M. P.-F. E. S.-J. M. C. 
—M. G. K.-D. D.—F. D.—It. K.—R. B,—M. S. 
