4886 
THE RURAL. NEW-YORKER. 
pounds, in fine condition for exactly $1 per 
week, or 3SX cents per head. The cows gave 
a good mess of milk until nearly their time 
to come in. My rule is to stop milking four 
to six weeks before calving. The fodder used 
was good rye straw only. But to cut feed, of 
course, requires a machine, either hand or 
power, and here we have to pay from $25 to 
$40 for a machine that would cut, say, in 
one or two hours, enough for six to ten head 
of horses or cattle per day. It is true we cau 
get hand-lever machines for from to $12, 
but all who have used such for two hours per 
day, say it is very slow and very hard work. 
I speak from experience. 
Now I fully believe that any manufac¬ 
turer should have a fair return for all the cap¬ 
ital he invests in his business and be able to 
pay just wages to all bis employes, but is it 
necessary or justifiable to demand such prices 
for these machines? It wall be said these 
prices are demanded by the retail dealers. 
True, yet they assert that they cannot sell 
them for less and get a fair return for their 
investments, and that the figures are •‘manu¬ 
facturers’ retail prices." I dare say the last 
statement is true. I have before me the whole¬ 
sale price lists of such machines made iu and 
out of this State, aud when freight is added 
to first cost, I tliink the retailer could not do 
much better than he actually does. Cannot a 
good feed-cutter, that will cut, say from lialf- 
iuch to one-inch long, with one or more knives, 
as may be best, and with good balance-wheel, 
crank and self-feeder, to cut iu one or two 
hours all the feed per day for six to ten head 
of cattle, be manufactured fora large per cent 
below the present wholesale prices, aud be 
made well aud of good material? I have talk¬ 
ed with many fanners aud hardware dealers 
on this subject, and all agree that this can be 
(lone, and many say "I cannot get a machine 
at such prices and make it pay.” Most of the 
iron, in fact nearly all used in them, is cast, 
and much of it is of poor quality. The knives 
alone are of steel. I have no doubt that those 
who have a large number of stock and use 
power cutters, cau afford to get them at pres¬ 
ent prices, as the saving to them is large. It 
would be well to ventilate thus matter as the 
sewing machine business has been. c. s. 
Plover, Wis. 
R. N.-Y.—A thorough discussion of the ac¬ 
tual cost of all implements would be instruc¬ 
tive, mid decidedly tend to bring about a de¬ 
crease of any excessive profits of manufac¬ 
turers or dealers. The chief causes of such ex¬ 
cessive profits, however, are the monopolies 
created by patents. Patent holders can charge 
for their goods all the public will pay, as they 
have no tear of competition, unless they raise 
the price so high as to make the profits on the 
goods so great, t hat it will pay others to risk 
suits for infriugmeut, etc., by making them 
without ‘•license," or under some infringing 
patent, or surreptitiously—a hard thing to do 
with large implements. The late fall in the 
prices of sewing machines was due, not so 
much to the discussion of the actual cost of 
them—that had long been known—as to the 
expiration of the llowe, Singer, and other 
onerous jintents. Where anything can be free¬ 
ly made by all manufacturers who wish to do 
so, competition will always prevent any ex¬ 
cessive profits. 
£axm flopus. 
v 
SAVING MANURE. 
The Rural has often urged its friends to 
givejtheir views of nny improvements in their 
mode of farming, which would benefit other 
farmers. Now, I think my mode of saving 
manure would be a benefit to all the farmers. 
I keep four or five cows and two horses, ami 
throw the manure out of the stable windows, 
nsalmostnll farmers do; nut in the first place, 
1 have dug a pit about two feet deep and 
SO by .HO feet in area at the end of my barn, 
and into this I throw all the manure, thor¬ 
oughly distributing it therein. Then 1 have, 
under my stable floor a hole that will hold 
about a dozen pails of urine, which I dip out 
and pour on this manure about once a week, 
aud 1 find the manure worth about twice as 
much as manure standing in a conical pile 
through the Winter. It is pretty well rotted 
and ready for distribution iu the Spring. It 
is but very little work to so dkqioso of it for 
the Winter. With larger quantities the pits 
could be made larger, so that none need be 
wasted. Then, to protect it from the weath¬ 
er, 1 have set up some posts and laid on some 
throe quarter-inch scannings, and covered the 
pit with boards, so that it is thoroughly pro¬ 
jected from the snow or rains. When 1 empty 
it in tiie Spring it is ready for another batch, 
and, as l keep my horses and one or t wo cows 
up through the Summer, I fill the pits again. 
It a man has a large amount of stock aud a 
barn, aud an underground room where he 
keeps nothing but manure, he will not, of 
course, need such conveniences; but for so 
small a stock as I keep a great saving is made 
thereby. My land about the barn is hard- 
pan, so that the urine does not waste by leach¬ 
ing. c. n. n. 
R. N.-Y.—This is a “reinvention" of an old 
method of saving manure, in use in England 
for years—the pit and covered yard. The 
great object of the pit or depression in the 
ground for the manure is to save the leaching 
and washing away of much of the fertility by 
water running to some neighboring stream. 
The roof shuts off heavy rains and aids to the 
same end, while preventing the excessive 
soaking and “drowning" of the manure in the 
pit. Where the soil is loose, the pit is usually 
lined with clay, to a greater or less depth, to 
prevent the percolation of the liquid manure. 
The urine is even more valuable than the 
other manure; and one of the best ways of 
disposing of it is here mentioned. In England 
it is usually distributed over the manure from 
the pit in which it is collected, by means of a 
pump and hose. In most parts of tbiscountry 
the construction of such expensive covers, 
etc., as are often seen on the other side of the 
Atlantic, would not pay; hut where manure 
is needed and high-priced, it would certainly 
pay to make cheap arrangements for saving 
the large amount of valuable fertility now 
general^' allowed to run to waste. 
HITMAN K.ECKS AS MANURE. 
How do agricultural chemists explain the 
reduced manurial effect of human faeces after 
they have been kept for some time in diy 
earth ? Do they actually loose any of their 
manurial elements, or are these only render¬ 
ed more slowly available? The Chinese, who 
depend ulmost entirely on human excreta 
for manure, as they keep few or no cattle, and 
excel iu producing crops from all sorts of soils, 
whether it is a first essential, or of second¬ 
ary account; and whether in its winged form 
of ammonia, it is liable to fly off and leave 
plants without their needed daily supply of 
freshly made nitrates, or not. But I ad¬ 
here to my preference for the earth closet— 
or 1 may say, in my case, sawdust closet— 
both for tidiness, aud its sanitary safety; 
and because I think that the dried contents, 
scattered on the soil, if not immediately man¬ 
urial, will have their full effect in the coui-se 
of time. “g" 
HOLT COUNTY SEEDLING APPLE. 
The Holt County Seedling Apple, shown at 
Fig. ITS, with a cross-section at Fig 170, orig¬ 
inated with L. A. Goodman, of Westport. 
Mo., Secretary of the Mo. Pom. 8oc. Shape 
conical; color greenish-yellow, shaded on the 
sunny side with a light brick-red, gradually 
shading away till lost. Stem % of an inch 
long, slender, placed in a small, very deep 
cavity. Cavity a little irregular and partially 
covered with russet, Calyx ivuq/small,closed, in 
a very small, quite shallow, slightly corrugated 
basin. Core small, with small, plutnp seeds. 
Flesh fine-grained, quite firm, juicy, sub-acid, 
yellow white, very good. We should think 
this apple a good shipper and splendid for 
drying. Eaten September 1(5; iu good order. 
HARDINESS OF FRUITS. 
T. T. LYON. 
At the meeting of the American Pomo- 
logical Society at Grand Rapids, Mich., a 
short paper on the above subject was presented 
by C. A. Green, of Rochester, N. Y., in which 
IIOLT CO. SEEDLING APPLE. Cross Section. Fig. 179. 
are said to use the material fresh, mixing it 
with water, so as to apply it ns liquid manure. 
We find it a good deal tidier to divide it with 
some drying or friable mixture, using it as 
poudretie. This, like the liquid division, ex¬ 
poses more surface to the digestive powers of 
the soil and of roots, just as in the ease of 
bones when ground, or of dough, which we 
permeate and open up with some gas (yeast) 
in order that every particle may bo sooner 
reached by the gastric juice in the stomach. 
The added water, however, of course aids the 
immediate effect of three most important ele¬ 
ments of manure—phosphoric acid, potash and 
nitrogen. The first, two seem to find a perfeet- 
ly secure savings’ bank in the soil; but the ui- 
trogen is so flighty in its ways, that the 
doctors seem to disagree to this day, as to 
he starts our with the query. “By what pro- 
eess does a variety become hardy, and how is 
it that we expect hardiness in a variety orig¬ 
inated North, and do not expect it iu u varie¬ 
ty originated South.” 
First, ns to the latter clause of the query:— 
More than Ho years siuce while indulging, to a 
considerable extent, in touting varieties of ap¬ 
ples, I collected some hundreds of varieties 
mostly of Northern origin, among which were 
perhaps a hundred or more kinds origina¬ 
ting in the region south of the Ohio River, 
iucludiug a considerable number from the ex¬ 
treme South. These were planted aud grown 
to fruiting iu the same orchard rows with 
othei-s, natives.of New England, New York, 
Pennsylvania and other uortheru aud eastern 
localities, uuder the same conviction atmuuu 
(Continued on page 284.1 
I 
/ 
• i r\ 
- 
C/i ‘ i 
•• xxt■«" 
HOLT CO. SEEDLING APPLE. From Nature. Fig. 178. 
JHoffc ami gtottltty. 
Choice Eggs.— Langshans. S. S. Hamburgs, B. Leg¬ 
horns & White Bantams, 13for$l. A.Rapp,H olland,N.J. 
Try SKELTON’S BROWN LEGHORNS. Perfect beau¬ 
ties and prolific layers, it for 1 doz, sure hatch. 
J. .'Shilton Lock Box 13, Nortusoro, Mass. 
PF.K1N DUUR KfUJS. 
ONE DOLLAR PER SETTING, OF THIRTEEN. 
W. IRISH, Poughkeepsie. N. Y. 
F,(1(J8 from W. Leghorns, P. Rocks, or Rlack-Red 
Games, it 50 for 13. kuunfrwm Choivts fowl# unit/- 
Meutlou this paper. C E. RICK, Faiuview, Pa. 
EG4.8 from Strictly Pure High-scoring Fowls of 
leading varieties. Brouze Turkey Hens, 18 to 31 lbs. 
Gobblers, 38 to to lbs. Eggs, 85 per 13. Send for circu¬ 
lar. E. J. CHANDLER, Kermett square, Pa. 
WYANDOTTE EOHS, 83 per 13; *5 per20. P. 
Rock Eggs. $2 per 13; *150 per 26. Nicely packed in 
baskets. From Prize Birds scoring SO to 24 points, 
order early. E. B.TIIO 11PSON, Anieniu, N.Y. 
PURE BRED POULTRY. 
Lt. Brahmas, 1’. Cochins, and Wyandottes—Eggs, 
81 50 per 13. P. Rocks. White and Brown Leghorns— 
81 per 13. Fowls for sale at all rimes. 
R. T. PATTERSON, BRIDGEPORT. CONN. 
DOR K1 NFS Silver Gray-Eggs, 31 for 18. 
LEGHORNS. R. C. Brown-Eggs. 81 tor 13. 
POLISH. W. C. Klaek—Eggs, *2 for 13. 
LANGSHANS—Eggs, $2 for IS. 
FOWLS for Sale. JOHN L. RICE. 
RENSSELAERVILLE, N. Y. 
‘•Sixteen Years' experience in Fine Pure Blood Poul¬ 
try "Est’d 1870.' Black or White Leghorn Eggs. 82 
per 13; Leghorns, P. Rocks and Light Brahma—Trios, 
$5 to 825. Stock for sale at all times. Send for my 
Ill. Circular. II. F. A LLING, Walnut Street Poultry 
Yards, No. 41 W.vLvrr Struct. Newark, N.J. 
KI"4CO MOUNTAIN' Strain of flue Wyandotfs 
Semi for descriptive Catalogue and price list before 
purchasing either eggs or fowls. Address 
KlSCQ MOUNTAIN P0ULTKY YARDS 
Mount Kisco, New York. 
HOUDANS. 
Eggs, S3 for 13: 8-5 for 26. From Premium Stock. 
C. E. ROCKENSTYNE, Albany, N. Y. 
F. W. GiYLOE. Nassau. N. Y. 
GrA-IYIE BAIMTAIVIS 
OF THE MOST FASHIONABLE STRAINS. 
Ducks. Pekins. Rouens. $140 for 11 Eggs. 
VVvaudottes. 82.00 for 13 Eggs. P. Docks and 
White Leghorns, 61.50. We have a very large 
stock raised artificial for practical use. the best Brood¬ 
er known for 88.00. I'. J. QUIN BY, 
White Plains, N. Y~. 
High Cl OSS Fiji mouth Rocks and Wyandottes. 
All high scoring birds. None better, and full satis¬ 
faction guaranteed. Eggs for sen lug of 13, carefully 
packed In baskets. Plymouth Rocks, $i; Wyandottes,82. 
W. I.. LUNDY, Metuchen. New Jersey. 
Pure Brown Le^liorns. 
I will furnish Eggs from pure stock, nicely packed in 
baskets, for $1.50 for 13; 32,50 for 34. 
II. W. DRINK,.MtDPLETOWX, N. Y. Box 161. 
“BROWN LEGHOKNK.” 
Seven year’s experience with this novelty; a range 
of 10 acres; ''nonebetter if as good.” Eggs iu season, 
*2 for 13; #3 for 26. Neatly packed and shipped in 
baskets—order early and send 20. stamp for circular. 
Address C. A. PETERSON, 
Troy Rond, Albany, N. Y. 
Franklin Poultry Yards. 
ALL EGGS GUARANTEED. 
Partridge Cochins, I’lymoutn Rocks, Wyandottes, 
and S. S. Hamburgs. Per Setting. 5*3 i Two Settings, 
85. 
Light Brahmas, Langshans, Brown Leghorns, and 
Pekin Ducks. Per Setting, £2. 
Orders for Stock and Eggs may be sent to 38 Dey St. 
New York City, or direct to yards. 
CLARK iSt BROWN. Proprietors, 
Mention this paper.] Franklin, Essex Co., N.J. 
Purdue’s Light Brahmas. 
My Birds won FIRST PRIZE on Chicks and SPECIAL 
on Cockerel, at New York. 15S6. also four FIRST PRIZES 
at Philadelphia, the past season. 
Eggs per setting, *5. 
A few choice Cockerels and Pullets for sale. 
GEO. PURDUE, East Orange, N. J. 
PETER BEUERLE1N, 
ENTBRFRIZE POULTRY FARM, 
Newtown, Long Island, New Y'ork. 
Breeder of Prize-winning single Como White Leg 
horns. My score at Great National Show, at Mad Iso a 
Square Garden, 1S?6—1*5', on ‘billet, the only one on 
exhibition with perfect coiub. Eggs. 82 for 18. 
My Imported Browu Leghorn Cock, 
PRINCE i:\UIBALDL from Italy. 
Judges and breeders at ulwve Show pronounce him 
the richest plumed bird oh exhibition. Eggs from 
this strain, S3 for 13; 65 for 26. Also Breeder of R. C., 
B. and W. Leghorns. Wyandottes, Plymouth Rocks, 
Light Brahmas, and Pekin Dueks: Eggs. 82 per setting. 
Send for III. circular. Eggs uioely packed aud shipped. 
BLOOD WILL TELL. 
Have bred tine Poultry for fifteen years and am sell¬ 
ing a superior stock of Poultry and Eggs of the follow¬ 
ing varieties: 
Plymouth Rocks American Dominiques,Wyandottes, 
Single cotub White and Brown Leghorns. Silver Span¬ 
gled Hamburgs, and Pekin Ducks. Am breeding from 
high scoring turds that have won the highest honors in 
tin show room. i»ev or Eggs: Wyandotte, 8240 for 13; 
$6.00 for M). All other varieties gLvO fur 13; Jl.Nleachfor 
two or more settings. Eggs packed In new baskets to 
go safely any distance. Send for circular Address 
JONES WILCOX. 
P. O. Box 10 . East Chnthniu, N. V. 
J. H. THOMPSON, Jr., 
PATTKH80N, NEW YORK. 
(OS rttK MAKl.KM U. it.) 
Breeder of thoroughbred fowls and Pointer Dogs. 
From prize winning, registered stock 3 pens of Ply¬ 
mouth Rocks. 2 for production of pullets and l for 
cockerels. Eggs $140 tvr 13, or $3 per IW. Also from 2 
pens of Wyandottes. Eggs .2 per IS, or #5 per 89. My 
stock Ls from the tiest strains aud maced tor best re¬ 
sults. 1 guarantee a fair hatch ami safe delivery. A 
share of y<>ur patronage solicited, knowing 1 can please 
you._ 
PALISADE POULTRY YARDS. 
C. S. COOPER, 
Schranlenbuvgk, X. J.. 
Breeder of Wyandottes aud Plymouth Rocks. Four 
grand pens of each variety. Eggs from pens one aud 
two, $3.00 for 13; $5.00 for 26. Eggs from pens three 
aud four, of each variety, $2.00 for 13; $3.00 for 26. 
