(A) runs down the center of the building, and 
another connects this with the glass shed. 
The second story (Fig. 224) contains the feed 
absolutely more, for mixing with the corn. 
Another reason for this charge would have 
been the value of the resulting manure, that 
made from a ton of bran being worth more 
than double that made from the same quantity 
of oats. 
THIS WAY AND THAT. 
These 170 lambs, fed as before described, 
have made an average gain of 82 pounds, 
weighing 105 pounds, worth six cents, or $6.30 
per head. Now', had they been shorn early in 
December, fed in warm barns and with plenty 
of roots and the same grain, they would have 
gained the weight of wool removed and not 
less than 10 pounds besides, weighing easily 
116 pounds each. But, although the wool 
would have made a good growth, being shorn, 
they would have sold for one-half cent per 
pound less, although we have just sold a lot 
of shorn lambs at six cents. The account 
would then staud as follows:—116 pounds at 
cents, $6.38; six pounds wool at 20 cents, 
$1.20; making an aggregate of $7.5S per head. 
Deducting from this 28 cents for mangels 
eaten, and $6.30 the price now offered, w r e 
have a net gain of just $1 per head for shear¬ 
ing, housing and root feeding. Surely this 
should be ample remuneration for the trouble. 
To show' that this is no imaginary case, 
we give a little experience:—Last Fall we put 
in a lot of cull lambs which cost, on an aver¬ 
age, 75 cents per head. They w'ere shorn* in 
December, avemgiug 5' .< pounds. They have 
just been sold at six - cents per pound, and 
averaged 92 pounds in weight, bringing $5.53 
each. Adding the value of the wool—5bj 
pounds at 30 cents, or $1.05—we have $6.57 
each. Deducting the first cost, we have 
$5.82 to pay for keeping and for profit on the 
transaction. 
When we add the value of the manure made 
by the consumption of so much rich food, and 
its effect upon the yield of the crops to which 
if will be applied, we can only wonder that 
every barn in the whole country is not utilized 
for stock feeding. 
Wheat has come through the Winter in fine 
order—very little is at all injured, and wfith a 
favorable season we shall expect a large yield. 
While our manure is all drawn and spread 
where desired to be used this Bpring, some of 
our neighbors are trying to worry theirs out 
now in the mud, poaching up the fields and 
nearly killing the horses. 
Isn’t it strange that farmers will never learn 
that every day’s work done in Winter makes 
two days’ difference now. This is doubly true 
in the hauling and spreading of manure. 
. j. s. WOODWARD. 
Fig. 224. 
—corn, oats, etc. (N) and a corn-sheller (T) and 
feed-mill. A 10-bushel car (Fig. 225) is used 
for elevating grain, etc., into the loft. It runs 
on a track formed of 2x4 scantling, 18 leet 
Fig. 225. 
long, one end of which rests on the low scaffold 
in front of the building, the other being se¬ 
cured with hooks and rings to the floor just 
inside the doors. The car is drawn np and let 
down by means of a small windlass. 
The owner of this piggery decided some 
years ago that the most profitable pigs arc f hose 
farrowed early in the Spring and marketed 
before cold weather sets in in the following 
Fall, every particle of food eaten by the pig 
during this time being converted into pork, 
none being wasted in merely keeping up an¬ 
imal heat. He keeps 10 brood sows, five one 
year and five two years old at farrowing. 
They are bred to farrow about February 1. 
As soon as the pigs are weaned, the five old 
sows are fattened and sold, and the five young 
ones are turned ou pasture where they mu all 
Summer, living on grass exclusively. Early 
in the Summer he selects from Ins stock of 
pigs five of the best for brood sows, and turns 
them in with the old sows to live on grass, 
grow and develop strength and body. When 
Winter sets in, they are admitted to the 
breeding pens, and kept plentifully supplied 
with thin slops and light, bulky food up to the 
time of farrowing, the chief object being to 
satisfy hunger without fattening them. They 
are given the run of two large yards until 
about due to farrow, when each is shut up in 
a separate pen. 
After farrowing, they are fed three times a 
day with boiled potatoes and beets, mashed and 
mixed with bran and corn meal, to which are 
added skim-milk and sufficient water to make 
a rather thick slop, which is fed warm. The 
amount of corn meal is gradually increased, 
and in about a week it forms the principal 
part of their food. 
A small door in each pen is left open so the 
little pigs can run out in the passages and 
into the glass shod, where they frisk about 
and enjoy the wprrn sunshine. A low trough 
placed in the passage leading to the glass shed, 
is kept supplied with fresh milkaud corn-meal 
slop. They soon learn to make this a part of 
their daily food, and it increases the rate of 
their growth fully 10 per cent. They spend 
the greater part of every sunny day in the 
glass shod, racing about or lying at full length 
enjoying a sun-bath. A nicer, smoother, 
jollier lot of fat, little pigs it would be diffi¬ 
cult to find anywhere. On warm days they 
are allowed to run in the small yard adjoining 
the glass shed. After weaning, they are di¬ 
vided into two lots, the sows in one and the 
barrows in the other, and turned into adjoin¬ 
ing clover pastures. They are given all the 
corn-meal—fed dry—they will eat; are kept 
constantly supplied with plenty of fresh water, 
and havu a maple thicket for shade in hot 
days. So well do they thrive under this treat¬ 
ment. that when they are brought to market, 
about November, any ordinary pig feeder 
woidd be willing to wager that they were 
fully 20 months old. 
The owner holds that early i>igs can keep 
healthy anil grow rapidly only when provided 
with, 1, worm, dry beds; 2, plenty of rich 
food; 3, a warm, light, sunny place, perfectly 
protected from cold winds, to exercise in. 
The breeding pens supply the first; the well- 
fed dam and milk and corn meal the second, 
and the glass-covered shed the third. 
Christian Co., Dl. 
farm &o\nc$. 
corner posts. The glass-covered extension on 
the south side, is 10x20 feet, and is, with the 
small yard adjoiniug, used exclusively for the 
little pigs. The floor is earth, graded about 
one-foot above the surrounding level. 
On the ground-floor (see Fig. 223) are 11 
old friend J. H. Griffith, of Queens County, 
Long Island. Four pine boards one foot broad 
and 13 feet long, are set on edge, two serving as 
sides and the other two as interior partitions. 
The end pieces are six feet long. Wire net 
Fig. 217 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
MAY §2 
A COMPLETE PIGGERY. 
PROFITABLE PIG RAISING AND FEEDING. 
F. GRUNDY. 
The piggery shown at Fig. 222, is 20 feet 
in width, by 40 feet in length, with 10-foot 
breed are the largest and most profitable, and 
can be easily raised. I have raised gobblers 
to weigh 40 pounds aud hens 22 pounds, al¬ 
though the average weight of the Bronze 
gobbler is 30 to 35 pounds, and of the hens, 18 
to 20 pounds. I knew of one gobbler that, 
reached the enormous weight of 45 pounds. 
Three-fourths of our fanners continue to raise 
common or mixed breeds, Why will they not 
see that if about the same amount of feed and 
attention is given to birds of the Bronze kind, 
they would attain far more weight und be 
more salable in every way? The demand for 
them is increasing every year. Last season I 
shipped 25 gobblers and about as many liens, 
the gobblers bringing, on an average, $5 each, 
and hens $4. Now, the common breeds weigh 
from 10 to 15 pounds apiece and sell ntfrorn 10 
to 18 cents per pound. Need anything more be 
said to show the superiority of the Bronze for 
profit? 
I have frequently heard persons say, “Tur¬ 
keys are delicate and hard to raise.” 1 believe 
that with proper care and attention, young 
turkeys are no harder to raise than young 
chickens. In the Summer of ’84, I hatched 68 
Bronze turkeys and raised 60, losiug only 
three in all. They were separated into three 
lots aud put with three turns that had just 
hatched chickens. Each hen was kept in a 
large, tight coop with a board floor and glass 
door in front. The young turks were not let 
out in the mornings until the grass was dry. 
Their runs were on liigb ground covered with 
grass. Their coops were cleaned every morn¬ 
ing, and the hens were housed immediately if 
a storm appeared, and were never allowed to 
get wet. 1 kept thorn in this way uutil they 
were eight, weeks old; after that they were 
allowed more liberty. Their feed when first 
hatched should be the yellows of hard-boiled 
eggs; then, dry curd with a littiupepper mixed 
in it, or a finely chopped ouion. An excellent 
food is middlings made into bread the same as 
bread for family use, and then soaked in milk. 
When young, they should be fed often, but 
they should not lie fed any more at a time 
than they will eat up cleau. 
Lice destroy hundreds of young turkeys 
every year. After the turks have passed all 
other juvenile dangers, these pests are always 
found in the quills on top of the wings. The 
application of a very small quantity of frosh 
lard will kill them instantly. I have some¬ 
times dusted sulphur botwecu the quills. Re¬ 
member, a very small, quantity of either is 
sufficient. I have known persons to overdo 
the matter, killing the lice and the turks too. 
Don’t wait until you see the little things droop¬ 
ing; examine their wings frequently. There 
is no difficulty whatever in raising turkeys if 
they are kept dry, clean, aud free from lice. 
Bronze turkeys ordinarily lay 18 eggs or more 
before wanting to sit; the second or third 
time they lay from 13 to 15 eggs, although 
I have known hens to lay 60 eggs in one sear 
son. Turkeys mate about the first of March, 
and usually commence laying the latter part 
of March. The nests for sitting should lie 
made of grass or wheat straw on the ground, 
and should not be exposed to the hot sun and 
rain. In this way I have had every egg to 
hatch. The best time for hatching is in May 
or June. e. j. chandler. 
Chester Co., Pa. 
A FINE HOUDAN EGG RECORD. 
Having come to this State for my health 
three yearn ago, and settled here a year and a 
half since, and started fruitgrowing, best Fall 
I added poultry keepiug to the business. I 
started with six breeds of fowls—Wyandottes, 
Plymouth Rocks, Langshans, White Leghorns, 
Houdans und Black-breasted Red Games—ob¬ 
tained from the bust fanciers of the country. 
I intended to keep only two varieties, but 
wanted, by actual experience, to decide which 
two I preferred. I have four Houdnu hens 
which are exceptionally fine layers. They 
were all hatched in May, 1885, and on March 
II last, I separated the various breeds into 
breeding pons. From that date to April 17, 
these four hens laid 125 eggs, all quite large 
and pearly white—125 out of a possible 148, if 
each laid an egg a day for the 37 days. The 
lowest number of eggs laid in any single week 
was 21; the highest, 25. This is away ahead 
of anything else in the same line around here. 
The great production is in the breed more 
than in the Iced, in this case ut any rate; for 
being a novice in poultry keeping, 1 do not 
know enough of the business to push the hens 
to their utmost capacity. I feed no “eggine” 
or any other stimulating food; they get no 
Fig. 223. 
coverings are fastened to strips, A. A. A. A. 
A. A. A., which are hinged to the doors B. B. 
B. , each six feet long and one foot wide, the 
center one of which is for feeding purposes. 
Under this is a cross partition, which with the 
longitudinal boards, cute up the whole into six 
compartments each two feet wide and six-and- 
one-half feet long. Through the central door 
food can bo introduced into all the compart¬ 
ments. 
A MAKE-SHIFT HEN PEN. 
“If a hen I intend to set, steals her nest,” 
writes friend Holrner, of LaCrosse Go., Wis., 
“I inclose her in a triangular pen made of three 
pieces of board a foot wide, and two or three 
long (See Fig. 214.) A piece of leather is 
nailed, binge-fashion, over ono angle of the 
_ _ triangle. A piece of 
I rope or a leather string 
| put through holes 
- : bored in the third 
' piece of board aud in 
- ■ ” ' the upper front edge 
Fig. 214. °f the others, serves as 
hinges for the door. 
Bite of 'shingle or waste lumber form the 
roof. Instead of binding the sides together 
with leather aud strings, the device can be 
kept together by means of pins thrust into the 
ground.” 
A HAWK TRAP. 
Mr. J. Krupp uses an arrangement like 
that shown at Fig. 221 for catching hawks. 
The base Is formed of a stout board, about the 
size of the head of a flour barrel. Two dozen 
steel wires, about as large as a telegraph wire, 
are fastened into the board, slanting as shown 
in the illustration. The upper ends are sharp¬ 
ened on a grindstone. In setting the trap, 
grass or dirt should be placed over the board 
to hide its color. The noisiest chicken ou the 
place is tied in the center of the wires and left 
for the hawk. Do not polish the wires. When 
the hawk swoops down for his breakfast he 
gets a very sharp reception aud receives a 
taste of his own argument. 
REMEDY FOR LICE ON POULTRY. 
When wo set a hen we sprinkle her aud the 
nest liberally with powdered sulphur. If the 
hen is very lousy, wo blow her feathers full of 
Persian Insect Powder. If these preventives 
are from any cause neglected, when the chicks 
are taken from the nest, aud found to be lousy, 
we rub their down full of the powder and give 
auother dose, if necessary, in a few days to 
kill any that may have been hatched since the 
first application. This plan has been very 
successful. We are using brooders this season 
(our own make) anti find the labor of raisiug 
chicks much less aud the mortality almost 
nothing, having lost ouly one chick this season. 
York Co., Pa. T. B. hoover & son. 
A PROLIFIC FLOCK. 
I HAVE 19 hens that have averaged 12 eggs 
a day for the month ending April 26. They 
are Plymouth Rocks aud Dominiques mixed, 
i fed them three times a day—breakfast, 
shorts and bran, equal parts, scalded; dinner, 
oats; supper, corn. I leave them the feed for 
half au hour, then take away what hasn’t 
been eaten. They are shut up in stormy, 
cold and windy weather. s. 
Eagle, Wis. 
5x8-foot breeding pens, and a small hospital 
pen (F); a horse-power (E) for driving the 
sheller and feod-mill above; a furnace and 
boiler (C) for heating water, cooking feed, etc., 
and tanks (D) for meal, mixed feed, etc. The 
more than ordinary feed und care, the same 
us the other chickens. Who can l**ut this 
record— four Houdan hens lay 125 eggs in 37 
days, or at the rate of 310 eggs a year apiece! 
Cailou City, CoL e. e. 8. 
WATER IN CULTIVATION. 
THOMAH MEEHAN, 
Editor of the Gardeners’ Monthly amt State Botanist 
of Peiumylvanla. 
horse-power is sunk 18 inches in the floor to 
give space for the horses’ heads below the ceil¬ 
ing. Between the boiler and tank is the pump 
which is provided with stop spouts for throw¬ 
ing water on either side. A four-foot passage 
BRONZE TURKEYS. 
Of the six or eight varieties of turkeys, 
there is a greater demand for the mammoth 
Bronze than for any other, as birds of this 
A HOME-MADE BROODER. 
For the design of the home-made brooder 
illustrated at Fig. 217, we are indebted to our 
Notwithstanding the great advance in 
the science of vegetable physiology, and in the 
practical application of its principles by a few 
successful cultivators of the soil, to the ma- 
