silver from a mine without digging it, and 
without the responsibility of being a share¬ 
holder, is to ship eggs, poultry, meat, berries 
and butter to the mining districts. The fact 
that spring chickens have brought $2 each at 
the mines, and eggs a dime apiece, might mis¬ 
lead one with the idea that produce is more 
profitable than it really is, much of the ap¬ 
parent profit being consumed in transporta¬ 
tion; still enough remains to give the pro¬ 
ducer and shipper very encouraging returns. 
It. goes without saying that farms and mines 
do not thrive in close proximity. Miners must 
go hundreds of miles to market, or, more pro¬ 
perly, market must go hundreds of miles to 
miners. Some of the difficulties attendant 
upon getting goods into new jniuiug localities 
are almost incredible. I cannot give a bet¬ 
ter instance than by quoting from a letter 
written to my father by a man who was out 
prospecting for him on terms known here as a 
“grub-stake”:—“When the pack-mules came 
to the head of Thunder Gulch, four miles east 
of the Big Bonanza mine, it was mighty steep, 
I tell you. It looked bad for gettin’ ou. The 
snow hail got there ahead of us, and the ani¬ 
mals wouldn’t budge, but stood shakin’ on the 
top of the slope. Rawhides wouldn’t budge 
’em, so we just took hold an’ upset ’em an’ 
rolled ’em down. Thei*e was scratchm’! But 
we had strapped their packs on extra tight, 
and everything was all right when we got to 
the bottom." This could scarcely have been 
said if there were eggs in the packs. They 
were more likely to contaiu tinned meats, salt 
pork, flour and beans, and the sweet, mild 
California onions, so dear to the miner’s palate 
under the nickname of “miners’ apples.” 
Pork and lard are dear iu Utah and reach it 
from Chicago. Lard is not rendered here, but 
comes in little buckets, and is sold at exorbi¬ 
tant prices. The reason swine is not raised 
largely is because the nights are too cold for 
corn to thrive. But an experiment is being 
made on a ranch near Ogden, the result of 
which is being carefully noted. If it succeeds 
it is hoped a domestic instead of an outside 
market will supply local needs in the future. 
The experiment is the gathering and parboil¬ 
ing of the prickly pear cactus, which grows 
wild among the sage brush, and the feeding 
of it, to the swine. It is glutinous and fleshy, 
and, when the prickles are removed by par¬ 
boiling, is said to bo ravenously devoured by 
the pigs. The Mormons say that when they 
suffered famine in the early days here, they 
'•onsidered the cactus fine food, parboiled and 
fried. 
Farming iu Utah is profitable, and would 
oe vastly so with more machinery. Farming 
lands can be had from the Government under 
tho Pre-emption, Homestead, Desert-entry 
and Timber-culture Acts. The Pre-emption 
costs most, the Timber-culture next, and the 
Desert-entry is cheapest. If an irrigating 
ditch can be run through the farm, a compet¬ 
ency is secure. There is often trouble between 
the Mormon and Gentile neighbor about the 
water supply^ Each will shut off the supply 
from the other on slight provocation, and so 
injure his crop. Farmers claim that farming 
is so profitable here because of irrigation. 
There is no fear of drought, no speculation 
about the weather. Irrigation compared to 
rainfall is constancy to fickleness, A water- 
right once secured, irrigation can always be 
relied on. 
In Utah, there are many willing hands to 
work, but heads to plan are scarcer. The 
Territory could give practice to more la wyers 
than arc now at her bar. Disputed water- 
rights, cattle ranges, mining locations and 
land cases supply ample practice. These same 
interests give employment to surveyors, who 
might come iu large numbers. Architects 
from the East, after learning the values here, 
would greatly improve the style of architec¬ 
ture, which uow, outside of Salt Lake City, is 
crude. While planning and building for 
others, the honast architect may be building 
brick by bride his own fortune. Non-Mor¬ 
mon under-mechanics and workmen would not 
be wise in coining yet to Utah, as there are 
many excellent artisans here among the Mor¬ 
mons. To give a beautiful setting to the work 
of the architect, there are fine English arid 
Dutch gardeners here, but they seem to be 
confined to .Salt Lake City, and a few nursery¬ 
men aud florists could do well iu the outlying 
towns. 
No complete flora of Utah has been pre¬ 
pared, and botanists will find a rich, fresh 
field here. Ornithological taxidermists will 
find over 41X1 varieties of birds, from the 
pouched pelican to the humming-bird. 
The schools of the Mormons are schools in 
which “knowledge comes but wisdom lingers." 
In them is taught the shockiug creed that 
Christ practiced polygamy, and also there is 
taught a belief in a plurality of gods; aud 
that plural marriage is commanded by Divine 
revelation. The Gentiles cannot send to them, 
so that each church supports a school. Secu- 
ular schools would do well here, aud there is 
felt a want of the kinder-garten system. In 
the early days of Mormonism the only healing 
art practiced was.thc .laying on'of ordained 
hands for tho cure of disease, but of late years 
physicians have made headway against Super¬ 
stition, and more could find 'patients, especial¬ 
ly those who would give special study to rheu¬ 
matism, the only chronic disease ^prevalent 
here. 
The press is a profession to which Utah 
opens a wide field. The Salt Lake Tribune is 
the most thriving paper in the Territory. A 
Gentile paper must now, of course, express the 
sentiments of the unpopular minority, hut 
Utah’s political future must make her press a 
profitable and an important one, aud there is 
room for several brave newspapers. Wisely 
edited, their power for good will be incalcul¬ 
able. Iu closing, let me recount, iu the order 
in which they are most needed hero, tho kind 
of men and women who would do well to con¬ 
sider Utah before choosing another locality 
in the West: physician, editor, school-teacher, 
kinder-gartner, architect, nurseryman, florist, 
assay®*, lawyer, surveyor, apiarist. Students 
of ornithology, taxidermy and geology would 
find a rich field here. K. D. FORGERON. 
Iowa. 
Iowa City, Johnson County, May 3.—This 
year bids fair to be the best of the last six. 
The prospects for fruit were never better, and 
the garden and field crops are fully a month in 
advance of this tunc list year, and work is well 
ahead. a. R-1. 
Maryland. 
Westover, Somerset Co., May 8.—Straw¬ 
berries and peas are far advanced; muskmel- 
ons are up and tomatoes are planted in the 
open ground. Wheat and and oats are look¬ 
ing well; much of the corn crop has been 
planted and some is coming up. More straw¬ 
berry plants have been put out this Spring 
than for several years. On account of the 
low prices of corn, many of our farmers are 
planting more strawberries and less of that 
graiu. The present prices arc: corn, 35 and 
40 cents; wheat, 00 cents; oats, 85 cents; but¬ 
ter, 25 and 85 cents; eggs, 10 cents dozen. 
s. 0. s. 
Michigan. 
Redford, Wayne Co.. May 1.—Wheat looks 
promising. Clover looks well; only few 
pieces winter-killed. A{>le trees are very full 
of bloom. Small fruits look good for a full 
crop. Oats mostly sown. Weather very fine. 
n. a. l. 
Minnesota. 
Beaver Creek, Rock Co., May 3.—Wo 
have had very fine weather for spring work. 
Small grains all in. Some have planted corn; 
many more will plant the first of the week. 
Some have sown a part of their flax (which 
this year occupies nearly half the cultivated 
ground); more are waiting for the weeds to 
start so that a part of them may be killed be¬ 
fore the flax is sown. l. d. m. 
Tennessee. 
WiLFOUD, Wilson Co., April 28.—A good 
many farmers in this county and Rutherford 
planted corn just before the rain storm of 
March 28, which was the hardest over known 
here for the length of time. Many of them 
have to plant again. There have been larger 
areas of oats and clover sown than usual. 
Wheat is looking very fine. A large crop 
was sowed last Fall. Com is from SI.75 to #2 
I>or bushel; flour, S3 per cwt,; cattle are very 
low: good i nilch cows and fat cattle are tho only 
kinds in demand, and milch cows from $20 to 
$30 where the calves are young. More inter¬ 
est is being taken in fruits, in apples and 
grapes esjiecially. w. b. a. 
Vermont. 
N. Ferrisburg, Addison Co.—Trees and 
plants wintered better last Winter than tho 
Winter before, aud we had less snow and a 
lower mercury. We had plenty of rain last 
season, and perhaps trees aud plants made a 
more healthy growth. Good prospect for the 
European plums. Some of us had a good crop 
last year, while others did not. It is quite 
unusual to have two good crops in succession. 
I,, M. M. 
AN8WERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. 
[Every query must be accompanied by the name 
and address of the writer to Insure attention. Before 
as It I) is a question, please see If It Is not answered In 
our ad vortlaliiK columns. Ask only a few questions at 
one lime. Put questions on a separate piece of paper.] 
REMEDY FOR THE CABBAGE MAGGOT. 
M. M. L., Cortland, N. F.—The cabbage 
maggot is held in check by a dressing of oys¬ 
ter-shell lime applied at the rate of jl50 bushels 
to the acre. The lime is sown on the land 
after plowing and then harrowed in. The 
plan described by “Horticola” in a late Rural 
is effective, particularly when small plots of 
plants are to be cultivated. A small quantity 
of any concentrated cabbage fertilizer scat¬ 
tered in the hill and well mixed with the soil 
is highly recommended. Peter Henderson 
saved plants that had been attacked by tho 
maggots by scraping away the earth from the 
roots aud dusting lime thickly about them and 
again drawing up tho soil. A handful of 
guano was dusted around every five or six 
plants, or about as thickly on the surface as 
sand is usually strewn ou the floor. The lime 
arrested the work of the maggots on the stem 
and the guano started a quick growth, which 
caused the plant to make new, strong roots. 2. 
The kerosene milk mixture can be made by 
placing one part of kerosene and two parts of 
sweet milk in a jug or other vessel and rapidly 
shaking until the union is complete. Then put 
in twice as much water and shake again. 
This mixture must be kept well shaken or 
stirred while in use. If allowed to settle, the 
free kerosene rises to the top, and this will be 
death to the plant. The soap mixture is bet¬ 
ter. To make it. put oue quart of soft soap 
with one gallon of water into a Kettle and heat 
to the boiling point. While still boiling hot 
stir in one pint of kerosene oil. Hard soap or 
whale-oil soap will answer. 3. Radishes can 
be kept free from insects by a light dressing 
of common salt applied in the Fall, or by a 
dressing of lime just before sowing the seed. 
MUSHROOM CULTURE. 
W. R. S., Ravenna, Melt.—“To start and 
keep up a mushroom bed,” take fresh horse 
manure, free from rough straw, aud pile it up 
loosely bo “heat.” When it heats anti before 
it “burns” any, turn it over, anil repeat this 
turning just as ofteu as it heats again and be¬ 
fore it begins to burn, till it begins to “mel¬ 
low,” say in 14 to 24 days’ time. You may 
then make the bed in a dry shod, a cellar, a 
pit, under a greenhouse bench, or anywhere 
else that is convenient, where a steady tem¬ 
perature of 50” to 00* may be maintained, the 
atmosphere is steadily moist and there are no 
undue exciting or drying influences. Dark¬ 
ness is beneficial, but not at all absolutely 
needed. Make the bed nine to ten inches deep 
and very solidly packed. After a few days 
the heat may rise to 130”, but wait till it de¬ 
clines to 100° before you spawn it. Get fresh 
brick spawn (costs about 10 cents a pound) 
and break it into lumps about the size of a 
hen’s egg, and insert these three inches deep 
into the bed and some six to nine inches apart. 
In 10 days’ time from spawning, cover the bed 
with good common field loam about two inches 
deep, and make all very firm. Iti four to five 
weeks signs of mushrooms should appear, aud 
in six to seven weeks from earthing over there 
should be a good crop. On an average, fresh 
manure needs three weeks’ work or 10 days in 
the bed lief ore spawning; mushrooms appear 
six weeks after spawning, aud beds coutiuuo 
in good bearing about four weeks. Mush¬ 
rooms are a most uncertain crop. Maggots 
in May and hot weather iu Summer render 
their artificial cultivation during Summer im¬ 
practicable, or at any rate unsatisfactory. 
APPLES FOR ENGLAND. 
“ Subscriber ,” PutnamviUe, Ont ., Canada .— 
1, What apple should be planted hero for ex¬ 
portation to England? 2. llow would the 
Newtown Pippin do here? 3. From whom can 
apple trees be obtained? 
A ns. —1. As shown by a number of reports 
in our “Crops and Markets” during the past 
Winter, the following were the American va¬ 
rieties sold in the Euglish markets: R. I. 
Greening, Spitzeuberg, Baldwin, Newtown 
Pippin, Golden Russet. The prices varied 
a great deal in accordance with the extent of 
the supply thrown on the markets, all arrivals 
being immediately sold by auction, und as 
many as 8,000 to 10,000 barrels being offered at 
once in Liverpool. The prices for the differ¬ 
ent varieties, however, nearly always bore tho 
same proportion as that indicated in the re¬ 
port of the Rural for January 7, last; Green¬ 
ings, $2.21 to $2.70; Spitzenbergs, $2.70 to 
$3.10; Baldwins, $2.00 to $3.37; Golden Rus¬ 
sets, $2.25 to $3,00; Newtowu Pippins, $2.05 
to $0.03. Some of these, however, will hard¬ 
ly thrive in your sections. 2. The American 
PomalOgical Society gives one star to the 
Greening in Ontario; two to the Baldwin; 
none to the Newtown; and one to the Golden 
Russet. The stars lire not indicative of the 
quality of the varieties; but of the extent to 
which they thrive in any section; nud the 
Spitzoubcrg, being a Russian, is likely to be 
hardy with you. The Ribstou Pippin und 
St.. Lawrence are the only other apples double- 
strred in the Province, but the Fatneuse, 
Gravenation, Hubhardston Nonesuch, Mother, 
King of Tompkins County mill Wagoner nil do 
fairly well iu some parts of Ontario. 2. Not 
at all. 3. Ellwanger & Bart y, Rochester, N. 
Y.,jare a trustworthy firm. 
TREATMENT OF A TROUBLESOME MARE. 
M. C. O., Fredericksburg, Fa.—My young 
mare is very restless while standing in the 
stable, moving her hind legs from side-to side, 
switching her tail and kicking, sometimes 
violently, but generally tramping about and 
kicking the sides of the stall lightly. She is 
very hard to crupper, being inclined to kick 
during the process. How should she be 
treated? 
ANSWERED BY F. L. KILBORNE, B.V. S. 
The trouble is evidently nothing more than 
irritability, nervousness or viciousness, and 
the treatment required is a thorough course 
of training. For the kicking iu the stable, at¬ 
tach w ith a strap, 15 to 18 inches of log-chain 
or a wooden clog to the limb used in kicking. 
The mare w ill soon tire of the practice. To 
harness and apply the crupper, first, buckle a 
strong strap around the fetlock of the near fore 
foot, lift the foot until the heel comes in con¬ 
tact with the elbow, aud buckle the strap 
tightly around the fore-arm. While thus 
strapped, the mare cannot put this foot to tho 
floor, and 1 M?ing on three legs cannot kick. 
Now harness aud apply and remove the crup¬ 
per until tho animal will stand quiet, during 
the operation. Repeat daily as long as neces¬ 
sary. A few lessons should be sufficient. 
TREATMENT OF A TREGNANT MARE. 
IF. II. Ii., South New Berlin , N. Y .— 1. 
How should a very fat 11-year-old mare that 
has done no work all Winter, be treated until 
she foals in June? 2, Ought she to be worked 
much? 3. Would it bo well to keep up grain 
feeding? 4. What are the cause of, aud a reme¬ 
dy for grubs in the backs of cattle? 
Ans. 1. The mare should bo worked mod¬ 
erately or turned to pasture where she can 
exorcise regularly. 2. Moderate, steady work, 
or regular exercise is very beneficial, much 
better for both mare and foal than idleness. 
When accustomed to hard work, a mare may 
be simply worked reasonably hard to within a 
month of foaling, if properly caret! for. But for 
three or four weeks before foaling, light,steady 
work is preferable. Excitement, straining, 
hard pulling, over-feedingor allowing too much 
water when thirsty is to be avoided. 3. No, 
withhold the grain aud feed sparingly, uutil 
after foaling. If turned in pasture, let the 
feed be short. Breeding animals should uot 
be kept very fat. They do much better when 
simply in flue working condition. 4. Read 
the article on this subject iu the F. C., of 
April 24. 
colt wrrn “bow-neck” and tail carried 
TO ONE SIDE. 
G. C. C.,Shajshequin, Pa. —My one-year-old 
colt is a very fine youngster except that the 
top of his nock is rather low down, and he also 
often carries his tail a little to one side, es¬ 
pecially when he feels pretty well; what 
should be done? 
ANSWERED BY F. L. KILBORNE, B. V. S. 
If the colt is “bow-necked,” you probably 
cannot now change it any more than you can 
the shape of the head. Feeding from a mod¬ 
erately high rack will cause him to carry his 
head higher, if that is w'luit you desire. By 
cutting across the muscles of tho side of the 
tail towards which he carries it, and keeping 
the tail tied to the other side until healed, this 
habit may be corrected. The services of an 
experienced veterinary surgeon, or one famil¬ 
iar with the operation, will be required to in¬ 
sure success. 
DAILY COLIC IN MARE. 
D. W. S., Martensburg, IF. Va .—My mare 
with foal lias colic every day, sometimes se¬ 
vere enough to cause her to give every evi¬ 
dence of much suffering: what should be done ? 
Ans. —Knowing nothing of tho conditions 
surrounding the mure, we cannot tell the cause, 
nor can we give a remedy, except, iu a general 
way. Give a laxative diet with grass, roots, 
or bran mushes, or gradually turn to grass in 
a shady pasture. Whenever an attack occurs 
give frequent, copious, warm water injections 
per rectum, with slow walking exorcise or 
brisk rubbing of belly with wliisps of bay or 
straw*. Give two ounces of Glauber salts and 
one ounce of powdered gentian twice daily. 
If a severe attack occurs, give one dram of 
sulphuric ether aud two drams of belladona in 
one-half pint of raw linseed or sweet oil. Pur¬ 
gatives, which are usually given for colic iu 
horses, might ho unsafe during pregnancy. 
A KNEE-SPRUNG COLT. 
G. E. L., East Seta ukrt, N. Y.~ After w ork¬ 
ing my five-year-old colt a few days this 
Spring, I noticed that after u hurt! drive his 
knees would tremble, and he is a trifle knee- 
sprung. 1 attribute it to feeding too much 
grain in the fore part of W inter, and letting 
him stand iu thu stable. Am I right? 
Ans.— You are entirely wrong. The knees 
are not sprung by feeding, but by overwork 
and hard driving, especially iu young animals. 
Very little can be done, except to give the 
horse a long rest where he can have walking 
I exercise. Lowering the heels and using thin- 
