NEW YORK, MAY 29, 1886 
PRICE FIVE CENTS. 
82.00 PER YEAR. 
Entered according to Act of Congress, In the year 1680, by the Rural New-Yorker In the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington. 
thick, is soft and mallow; the hair long and 
silky: the flesh well and evenly distributed. 
They are straight and broad across the back, 
with short legs, long sides, well-sprung ribs 
and well-rounded hips, and very vigorous and 
hardy. The cows are poor milkers and soon 
run dry; but their milk is rich in butter. This 
shortcoming is greatly due to the custom of 
allowing the calves to suck their dams as long 
as they gave milk, and to the fact that it is as 
butchers’ animals they have always been 
chiefly valued, so that- little or uo attention 
has been given to milk production. Lately 
they have been less numerous in their original 
home, having been, to a considerable extent, 
superseded by the Ayrshires, as the farmers 
have been devoting more attention to the 
where the breeds originated or to the effects of 
selection in breeding, or to a combination of 
both; while others think it due mainly to 
“sporting” or unaccountable variation from 
the ancestral type in some animals, and the 
perpetuation of this variation by design or 
circumstances. Certain it is, as we learn from 
D’Azra, that “in 1770 a hornless bull was pro¬ 
duced iu Paraguay which has been the pro¬ 
genitor of a race of hornless cattle that have 
multiplied extensively iu that country.” If 
such has been the origin of the Paraguayan 
polls, why may not the other hornless breeds 
have originated in the same way? "Muleys” 
have never been very uncommon among horn¬ 
ed cattle. 
Of the present recognized breeds of polled 
are also better milkers, though as they have 
been almost invariably raised for beef, and 
little care has been given to the development 
of then* milking capabilities, their yield, though 
rich, is considerably less than that of the Ayr¬ 
shires and other dairy breeds. They are very 
hardy, good breeders, mature early, fatten 
quickly, and can “rustle” for themselves al¬ 
most as well as the Galloways. The prevail¬ 
ing color is black, though some are a kind of 
yellow or don. Great numbers of them used 
to be driven as Galloways to the south of Eng¬ 
land, and their meat is considered prime in the 
London market. Their success as prize-win¬ 
ners at the Paris Exposition of 1878, gave them 
a great “boom,” which the breeders were not 
slow to make the most of. Some think the 
Angus-Aberdeen and 
Galloway were or¬ 
iginally identical,and 
that the differences 
now noticeable are 
due to differences for 
. 1 . generations in their 
environments; others 
are of opinion that 
each originated in its 
own section. 
The Norfolk Polled 
v -.i Red is generally sup- 
Itafe posed to have origin- 
Hj ated from selections 
made by the Norfolk 
f armers from the best 
Galloways grazing 
9ft on their pastures. 
Those were bred for 
milk as.well as beef, 
and hence a greater 
development of the 
milking capacity. 
This origin, however, 
is denied by many 
who insist that the 
race originated in the 
county. Suffolk has 
had from time im- 
memorial a breed of 
red polled cattle, 
excellent butter mak¬ 
ers. It is known that 
there were frequent 
crosses of Suffolk 
bulls on Norfolk 
cows, and according 
to Marshall, the re¬ 
sult was an "increase 
in size and improve¬ 
ment ill form.” No 
doubt it was in this 
way the present breed 
of Norfolk uud Suf¬ 
folk Red Polls was 
formed. Since 1846 
both counties have 
competed with stock 
known by this name 
at daily and fat stock 
shows. They are of a 
rich red color, with 
the udder of the same 
shade; but the tip of 
the tail may be white. They are excellent 
POLLED CATTLE. 
# N the original struggle for ex¬ 
istence among wild animals, 
the possession of horns, as of¬ 
fensive and defensive weap¬ 
ons, was undoubtedly an ad¬ 
vantage to cattle, and when¬ 
ever in the case of any ani¬ 
mal any advantage occurred 
in size, shape, texture, or sol¬ 
idity of these weapons, it 
would be likely to be perpetuated, owing to 
the superiority it would give its owner iu the 
battle for life with 
its kindred and other 
wild animals. But, 
however useful horns 
may have been in a 
wild state, in a state 
of domestication they 
are not only useless, 
but a source of dan¬ 
ger, mischief and in¬ 
convenience. Preju¬ 
dice and the endear- 
ment of association ;-~A. 
will, for a consider¬ 
able time yet, lead 
many to prefer hor ns; 
but the admirers of 
“no-horns” are stead- }. . i 
ily and rapidly in- ' 7 / 
creasing, and doubt¬ 
less will soon be, if 
they are not already, 
in the majority. One 
of the greatest hin¬ 
drances in this direc¬ 
tion is the difficulty 
stockmen experience 
in dissociating their 
favorite breeds from 
horns. What Short¬ 
horn, Hereford, De- ; 
von, Ayrshire, or Jer- \ 
sey man can readily 
imagine his favorite , v ' 
breed without horns? \ 
As polls they would \ 
naturally appear 
something different, 
and would lose the 
place they hold in his 
regard; for the true 
lover of any breed 
admires not only 
their acknowledged 
excellencies, but all 
their special clrnrac- 
teristics—even their 
defects, as iu the case 
of horns. Wouldn’t 
any of these flue 
breeds be really more 
valuable without 
horns, if with their 
boms they lost not a 
whit of their other 
characteristics? 
Hornless cattle are generally milder than 
others in disposition; are less likely to injure 
man or beast, uud can lie shipped closer with¬ 
out injury. Can any stickler for any horned 
breed mention any ml vantage in the way of 
beef or milk production secured to his favor¬ 
ites by the possession of horns ? 
Polled or hornless cattle have been found in 
many widely separated places from time imme¬ 
morial. Those of Great Britain were known to 
the Romans iu the days of Julius Caesar. Tbej 
are all supposed to have boon origiuully hom¬ 
ed, and the change is attributed by some either 
to the natural conformation of the country 
LADY FULTON 2d. From a painting by C. Palmer. Fig. 329. (See page 350.7 
cattle the Galloway is probably the oldest. Its 
original home is in the counties of Wigtou, 
Dumfries, and Kirkcudbright, forming the 
ancient kingdom or province of Galloway in 
the south of Scotland. The predominant color 
is black, though some are tawny, red, brow n, 
or even dim; and others have white faces and 
are sometimes marked with white on other 
ports. They have alw ays been uoted for their 
excellent beef qualities, a writer iu the six¬ 
teenth century speaking of them as "fair ky 
and oxiu of qubilk the flesh is right delicious 
and tender,” and the Galloway rib is a favor¬ 
ite with epicures to-day. They are symmetri¬ 
cal and compact in form; the skin, though 
dairy. Formerly great numbers (often 30,000 
a year) were driven south to be "finished off ” 
for the London market on the rich pastures of 
Leicester, Norfolk and other eastern counties, 
and the shipments are still heavy by rail and 
steamer. 
The Polled Angus or Aberdeen—w hich the 
American breeders agreed, less than two years 
ago, to call Angus-Abenieen—are iu mauv 
lmints like the Galloways, but larger, flatter 
iu the side, thinner in the shoulder, and longer 
in the leg. Being originally accustomed to a 
more humid climate and better treated w-hen 
calves, they have a finer though hardly smooth¬ 
er skin, and a less rough coat of hair. They 
