THE AURAL MEW-YORKER. 
fynvsemavt. 
THE HACKNEY HORSE. 
Tite hackney is the general-purpose roadster 
in England, either under the saddle or in har¬ 
ness. He usually has a considerable propor¬ 
tion of thoroughbred blood, being often the 
produce of a mare designed to breed an ani¬ 
mal more valuable in the market, but the off¬ 
spring turning out unsuitable for the purpose 
intended, the breeder is obliged to sell him as 
a hackney. The characteristics of a good 
hackney are as follows: He must be about 15 
hands high, compact, and strongly built, with 
fore and hind parts well muscled. He should 
be short in the back and well coupled. He 
should have a deep, wide chest, so that the 
lungs may have full play. His head should 
be light aud his neck carried well up. His 
limbs should bo clean aud bony, with some- 
wbfttoblique pasterns. Excellent feet and legs 
are indispensable to stand the battering on hard 
roads on which he often travels at the rat 1 of 10 
to 12 miles an hour. His movements should 
be quick and springy. He should be good- 
tempered and easily controlled, so as to be 
safe under the saddle or in harness. An ex¬ 
cellent specimen of the race is seen, at Fig. 
806, in the mare Wild Rose, which has won 
several prizes at English horse shows; for at 
all such shows in Great Britain there is a spec¬ 
ial class for hackneys. 
HOBSB-HREEDING Iff ILLINOIS. 
Perhaps the most conspicuous feature of 
agricultural development in Ill¬ 
inois at this time is the extension 
of horse breeding. For 10 years 
past the horse boom has been 
mainly confined to the heavy 
weights; lately the trotters and 
the thoroughbreds have received 
a due share of attention, aud 
breeding stables have been estab¬ 
lished in every large town and 
every county in two-thirds of 
the State. These are facts going 
to show that Kentucky and even 
California will sooner or later find 
in Central or Blue-grass Illinois 
formidable competition both in 
running and trotting stock, for 
the State that leads in com, wheat, 
grass, hogs, cattle and heavy 
horses, will not lx* content until it 
leads also in fast ami fine horses. 
of stock at Konigsberg, June 3d—6th, at 
which 330 head were entered to compete for 
the prizes. 
* * * 
Last Spring the first cheese factory was es¬ 
tablished in the Beemster, North Holland, and 
in June it was working at its full capacitv. 
* * * 
The North Holland Steam Edam Cheese 
Factory is another new departure in Holland, 
indicating that the Dutch are following the 
American plan of cheese factories, instead of 
each dairyman making his own cheese, ac¬ 
cording to the immemorial custom. 
* * * 
A new herd book has appeared in New Ze- 
land recording six different breeds of cattle— 
among the number appear Holstein-Friesians. 
* * * 
The Holstein-Friesian bulls Solin and Boyes, 
owned by Mr. Vincente L. Cazares, carried 
off prizes at the reeent International Agricul¬ 
tural Show at Buenos Ayres, South America. 
&\)t Simiwljn-'i). 
HOG RAISING. 
Experimentally, the Magie, or Poland- 
China, aud Berkshire are found to be far in 
advance of the Suffolk and Chester White, on 
account of their superior hardiness and 
quicker maturity for market. Although the 
Chester Whites have excelled in weight, yet 
when the age to secure such large hogs is con¬ 
cessful hog-raisers find the business more pro¬ 
fitable than any other, and its profits depend 
largely upon the management, and particu¬ 
larly in checking or preventing diseases, which 
have created sad havoc within the last few 
years. 
“An ounce of prevention is better than a 
pound of cure.” What are the preventives? 
A cool, airy place in Summer, and a warm 
and dry place in Winter, with occasionally 
small doses of sulphur, and antimony now and 
then, mixed with the feed. A supply of 
wood-ashes and charcoal is said to act as a 
preventive of the cholera. Sometimes lame¬ 
ness or weakness proceeds from the filling up 
of the “issues,” on the inside of the forelegs, 
just below the knee, which are porous and 
serve as drains from which all humors of the 
body, and all superabundant fluids pass off. 
A cob and soapsuds will prevent this. 
Feeding on corn exclusively, has proven not 
only unprofitable, but very unhealthy. The 
great use of corn is to lay on fat, and it is 
most beneficial for about four mouths before 
the hog goes to the market or slaughter pen. 
The proper food, is, or should be, a good sup¬ 
ply of green food, such as grass, clover and 
vegetables, with slops of bran and shorts, and 
milk allowed to sour. 
Care is of the utmost importance. We may 
have the best thoroughbreds or pure-blooded 
stock; we may feed all varieties of food iu 
auy style or condition; but without care, or 
with neglect, our labor of pork making is an 
entire failure. With favorable circumstances 
there is nothing that furnishes greater remu- 
l)ert>smau. 
GALLOWAY 'CATTLE. 
The Galloway breed of cattle 
are noted for tboir lack of horns, 
their round, compact bodies, their 
short legs and, above all, for their 
thick, heavy, black, shiny and 
often curly coats of hair, which 
give the calves the appearance of 
Newfoundland’dogs’of solid "color. jj ^ 
For these hardy features their 
friends say of them," that while 
the Short-homs and ~ White-faces, when¬ 
ever they are sent west, tend afterward to 
move south, the Galloways take a contrary 
direction, and having their overcoats with 
them, they advance in face of rigorous winter 
weather, uud find in tho climates of Ida ho and 
Montana just the bracing air that suits them. 
In uddition to this, if late accounts are to be 
trusted, the Galloways are likely shortly to 
appear before the world in a form that will 
create a surprise and excite a sensation; for 
it is said that a very successful cross has been 
made with the buffalo, producing a metis: a 
cross-bred animal that yields a robe superior 
in every respect to the buffalo skin. 
Those who have seen the Galloways in their 
best estate, and particularly those who have 
observed how much the coats of the calves of 
three or four months old resembles that of u 
largo, well-bred Newfoundland dog, will be 
ready to accept ms truth almost anything that 
can be claimed for the size, beauty and firm¬ 
ness of the robe of the progeuy of the wild 
buffalo and the tame Galloway. b. f. j. 
permitting the receiver to make a selection at 
half the price marked on the packets, the rest 
to be returned by mail. Of course the annoy¬ 
ance is confined almost exclusively to ladies, in 
the expectation that ignorance of business and 
timidity predispose them to become dupes of 
such sharp practices. One lady writes us: “I 
did not want any of the seeds and did not care 
to pay postage in order to get rid of tho arti¬ 
cles. J did not wish, nor had I asked to have 
them sent to me. This, together with my nat¬ 
ural indolence, caused me to do nothing, [and 
the seeds remain on my hands, and'now 
comes a letter saying they are charged to 
me. I don’t care about the charging, 
but can the fellow collect? Are we to be 
at the mercy of any knave who may choose 
to pester us with undesired or possibly unde¬ 
sirable goods '” The seedsman’s letter is print¬ 
ed to represent type writing, and is evidently 
one of a lot struck off to be sent out indis¬ 
criminately to all who, like our correspondent, 
refuse to take the trouble to bother at all 
'rich the seeds. It says: 
Some weeks since a small box of flower seeds was 
mailed you. from which to select such as you might 
dc-stre. the balance to be returned. No reply has been 
received from you, nor has the package of seeds been 
returned, hence your account on my books still stands 
charged with the box. Kindly give this matter?your 
Immediate attention, that I may balance your ac¬ 
count. A prompt reply will be truly appreciated. 
Enterprise in business is an excellent thing; 
but in this case isn't enterprise carried to a 
disreputable extent? Of coarse, under such 
eircumstauces the goods are sent at the send¬ 
er’s risk, and the receiver need not bother at 
all about them. 
A swindling scheme of which 
the E.-O. has heard several times 
of late, is the following: A man 
goes through the rural regions 
with a lot of salt, or other fine 
substance, put up in jars, which 
he calls a slump-consuming pow¬ 
der. His instructions are to bore 
a hole in the stump, put in the 
powder, plug up the hole, let it 
stand for six weeks and then set 
the stump on fire, and it will burn 
away down below plow line. The 
six weeks’ provision is a wise one, 
for it allows the agent to get 
away. An examination of the 
powder, however, has proved its 
worthless qualities, and the farm¬ 
ers who invested in it can’t find 
y time to talk about it. 
To Several Inquirers.— We 
;ijj have never received any com- 
!• plaints about the “ Perfect Hatch- 
f er” of Elmira, N, Y„ and we have 
_ had several good reports of it. 
We cannot guarantee any “hatch¬ 
er,” however, as so much depends 
on the “engineering” of it. 
tenons. 
HACKNEY MARE t WILD ROSE. Re-engraved from the London Live Stock Journal. Fig. 
STOCK JOTTINGS. 
In Bremen, Germany, West Friesland but¬ 
ter sells briskly at S C. to five pfennigs (between 
one and t\v > cents each) above the running 
prices of local butter. 
* * * 
The Milk Zeitung , of Bremen, announces an 
address book of the breeders of horses, cattle, 
sheep and pigs, Such a book published here 
might be of assistance to our live stock 
breeders. 
* * * 
The Holland Cattlo Herd Book Association, 
of East Prussia, Germany, held au exhibition 
sidered, the other breeds are more profitable, 
being better suited for packers or butchers in 
9 to 12 months, averaging 225 pounds or up¬ 
wards. The rapidity of growth and the cost 
of feed are very important items in the pro¬ 
duction of pork. J udicious selection in breed¬ 
ing is unquestionably of the utmost import¬ 
ance in order to secure form and size. In 
selecting a male, he should be well fanned, 
thoroughbred, aud as perfect as possible iu all 
essential qualities belonging to liis race. He 
should have a good supply of food, aud be kept 
in a comfortable, room}' pen, w here no hogs 
will annoy or worry him. n is services should 
not be required more than twice a day. 
Sows should be selected not less thau nine 
months old. They should be strong, vigorous 
and well formed, for it’s u sad mistake to 
select a thin, half starved animal to obtain 
good pigs. She must be well fed and kept in 
good condition. When breeding, she should 
be kept apart from the drove, aud be provided 
with grass, clover and vegetables, with a little 
bran and shorts daily, as these foods consist 
largely of muscle-forming substances. Four 
mouths are required for her delivery, and dur¬ 
ing this important period every preparation 
should be made by providing a light bed of 
straw or, better, leaves. If confined in a pell, 
provision should be made to prevent the loss 
of pigs by overlaying. The sides should bo pro¬ 
vided with a board ruuuing along each about 
10 inches from the floor, jutting out 10 or 12 
inches from tho side of the pou. Sometimes 
sows eat their youug. In many cases salt pork 
is found a preventive, [It is much better to 
feed on succulent or green food, or such as 
will overcome all tendency to costiveness, 
which is the great exciting cause.— Eds.] Suc¬ 
ueratiou to the farmer than capital invested 
in swine. c. G. brown. 
Barton Co., Mo. 
. 
l /'ft/RAV. V 
N£W-Y0RKEF 
EYE 
Several rascals, under the guise of men 
who have valuable agencies to offer, are flood¬ 
ing the country with blanks—asking a number 
of impertinent questions of those who receive 
their missives, with regard to age, occupation, 
etc., aud demanding the names and addresses 
of “references.” This is a favorite game of 
the sawdust swindlers, and indeed of regular 
“crooks” of all kinds who go into swindling 
as a business. The name and other informa¬ 
tion obtained iu this way are quite profitable 
for use by themselves, or for sale to other 
sharpers on the outlook for simpletons. Gen¬ 
erally a name and address are given—occa¬ 
sionally “high-fallutin"—but in two circulars 
now before us gudgeons are invited to address 
their letter* to a box in the city post office. 
No one with auy just claim to ordinary gump¬ 
tion will confide private matters to a stranger, 
even iu conversation; nobody but a simple¬ 
ton will do so through the mails. 
We have received several complaints of the 
very unhandsome conduct of a dealer iu seeds 
at Rochester, N. Y. He is in the habit of 
sending to perfect strangers whose addresses 
he has managed to secure, #1.00 packages of 
assorted flower seeds with a “special offer’’ 
SPECIALTIES OF FARMING. 
0UU ‘ EDWIN TAYLOR. 
Two ways of look ing at a “terrible example;" 
widespread tendency toicards specialities 
in agriculture; associated farming; in¬ 
stances; “foot" specialists; specialist John 
Johnson; advantages of specialization. 
Alluding to the vagaries of fanning, a late 
Rural tells flow a farmer iu Massachusetts 
allured by the high price of onions one year, 
planted his entire farm in that crop the next 
Spring; but, as might have been expected— 
since one extreme follows another—his onions 
came in on a glutted market. Potatoes, how¬ 
ever, this time were good property, so he 
dropped onions aud went into potatoes the next 
year, and, as might have been expected, got 
left again. The item is an instructive instance 
of what too often happens; but to my mind it 
better points out the disasters of changeable 
farming than the unthrift of special farming. 
If this mau. for example, had only held on 
either to onions or potatoes, he would have 
had one good crop out of two, and would have 
averaged reasonably w'ell. It was the change 
not the specialty, that mined him. “Unstable 
as water, thou shall uot excel” was not writ¬ 
ten of the agriculturist of our time; but it is 
true of him—particularly if he is a specialist. 
Can the Rural point to a specialist farmer 
who has persistently followed a well-selected 
specialty through a thorough trial—for five 
years, say (aud there are numbers of them)— 
w ho now prefers to go back to mixed farming? 
[How about the cotton planters of the South; 
or Oliver Dalrymple, the great wheat farmer 
of the North.' -Eds.] 
The most noticeable present feature of our 
American agriculture seems to me to be its 
tendency toward specialties. It may not be so 
noticeable in the East as iu the West; but in the 
