Entered according to Act or Congress, in the year 1886, by the Rural New-Yorker in the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington. 
onions, etc. Then I pulled up all and set out 
a new spot on tho opposite side of the garden— 
a row of reds and a row of black-caps, with 
sweet corn between, IS plants of each kind. 
When two years old, I picked 40 quarts from 
11 plants, which had also been neglected, not 
having been tied up or manured They did 
so well that in the Fall 1 threw a little dirt on 
some of the shoots, and in the Spring of 1881 
they had rooted at tips aud joints. I set out 
a quarter of an acre with them, using anything 
that had a root, the smallest portion being 
tips; but the joints did not make good plants, 
so I have increased until this year (1884) from 
an acre (and two-thirds of those one-year-old 
plauts) I have picked ',',851 quarts, and sold 
2,798 quarts at wholesale (mostly to one man) 
earliest cap variety I possess. It is sweet and 
very good, a valuable acquisition. 
Dorchester, Mass. 
From Prof. S. M. Tract; 
The two plants of Carman Raspberry re¬ 
ceived from Hale Brothers a year ago, made a 
fine growth during the Summer, but one of 
them was nearly killed during the Winter. 
The remaining plant fruited well this season. 
Berries not quite so large as the Gregg, but 
more abundant—very firm and of the best 
flavor. From the little I have seen my im¬ 
pressions are very favorable. 
State University, Columbia, Mo. 
From A. W. Chkever: 
I saved two plants of the Carman, one of 
which has failed to thrive this year. The 
sent out except for trial, was received a year 
ago from the Hale Brothers, South Glaston¬ 
bury, Connecticut. A single bush fruited this 
year, bearing heavily for oue of its age and 
size. We had rather lost affection for black¬ 
caps since becoming acquainted with the bet¬ 
ter red raspberries, but the Carman is large, 
even in shape, very handsome and more pal¬ 
atable thau any black-cap we have before 
tested. We can see no reason why it should 
not become one of the standard popular small 
fruits. The black-caps are usually hardier 
t han the reds, and the fruit, being firmer, bears 
transportation better. The great fault has 
been, they bear carriage too well, but the 
Carman has comparatively soft pulp with less 
prominent seeds. 
THE CARMAN RASPBERRY 
In April of last year, G. H. & J. H. Hale, 
of South Glastonbury, Conn., sent us four 
plants of a new blackcap raspberry, two of 
which were large plants with ample roots, 
that bore an abundance of fruit in late June 
and early July. Our illustration (Pig. 361, p. 
629) is an accurate portrait drawn from a 
branch at that time. The berries were some¬ 
what smaller than those borne this year, an 
average cluster of which is shosvn at Fig. 360. 
Had we desired to show the fruit at its best, it 
would have been easy to have selected larger 
berries. 
The berries began 
to ripen June 29. 
They are jet black 
(without bloom), with 
small drupes, and as 
good in quality as tshy 
cap berry we know. 
The two larger bush¬ 
es bore as many ber¬ 
ries as any variety 
ever tested at the 
Rural Grounds. They 
grow, however, in a 
part of the garden 
where all raspberries 
do well, and the sea¬ 
son was in every way 
most favorable to an 
abimdant fruitage. 
The canes are stout, 
and have grown to 
the hight of six feet. J 
They wore not in the p 
least injured by the r 
past Winter. Earli¬ 
ness, productiveness, 
hardiness, quality 
and firmness might 
be claimed for this [)• 
variety if judged by £9 
a single year’s test, .Jt&S 
which is a very haz- vgsjjE 
ardous thing to do. ,; j», ® 
THE MINNEWAS- 
KA BLACK¬ 
BERRY. 
The originators of 
the above blackberry 
r request us to publish 
the following letter 
to them. The R. N.- 
Y. has expressed it¬ 
self rather freely per¬ 
haps respecting the 
Minnewaska, and we 
are glad to present 
any evidence on the 
other side; 
A. J. Caywood 
& Son, 
Marlboro, N. Y. 
Dear Sirs: “My 
experience with the 
MinnewasKa for one 
year has been very 
fo. satisfactory. From 
its start in the Spring 
to this time (August 
19) it has shown won- 
ifc. derful vigor. It 
j0S|^ fruited heavily, and 
Ssi pSfe . the berries were of 
the largest type and 
uniform, every one 
being perfect in 
form. I find it ear- 
lier than I supposed, 
as it commenced rip- 
ening some three 
days earlier than the 
Early Wilson, or 
Wilson Jr., and fin- 
ished its crop some 
nL 10 days earlier than 
^ either, making it de¬ 
cidedly an early va¬ 
riety, aud some of 
our best fruit grow¬ 
ers who have watch¬ 
ed it carefully think it will supersede both 
these varieties, as they are both affected 
with the double-blossom nuisance. I tested 
the shipping quality, of the Minnewaska 
by handling a few quite roughly and laying 
them away and in six days some of them be¬ 
gan to decay, but held their black color with¬ 
out auy change to red to the last. On the 
whole, they have succeeded beyond my expec¬ 
tations as one-year-olds, and if they hold 
their good qualities with age they are certain¬ 
ly a great acquisition. Mr. W. A. Brown, the 
Inspector of the Mich. Fruit Exchange, and 
one of the best authorities iu the State, has 
watched this variety carefully and says he be¬ 
lieves it to be the coming blackberry. 
Benton Harbor, Mich. r. morrill. 
En. Rural New- 
Yorker: Your card 
requesting the his¬ 
tory of the Carman is 
at hand. Possibly I 
eau do no better 
thau to send a copy 
of what Mr. Sher¬ 
wood wrote to State 
Secretary Gold two 
years ago. The following Spring the entire 
control of the stock of plants was given to our 
firm, uud we named the new seedling Carman, 
in honor of the Editor of the Rural New- 
Yorker. It has fruited here this season side 
by side with all the leading black-caps, aud 1 
find it as early as the earliest: jet black, as 
largo as the Gregg, and the lost in quality of 
them all. Indeed it is by all odds the best 
black-cap 1 have over seen. j. h. hale. 
So. Gluttonburg, Conn. 
Mr. T. S. GolK Secretary of the Connec¬ 
ticut State Board of Agricqltura: 
In reply to your question. “Are there any 
new choice fruits in this locality not generally 
known?" 1 will state that 1 have a new black¬ 
cap raspberry which, some 10 year* ago, came 
up by a stone fence in a corner of u meadow, 
in a bunch of older*, aud for two or three 
years 1 noticed it was double the size of others, 
so 1 found three roots and set them in the gar¬ 
den in vacancies among old plants. These 
were neglected for other outside work — 
THE CARMAN BLACKCAP RASPBERRY 
From Nature. Fis?. 360 
or s-Jlt), in. 1 shall have 1W, acre in bearing 
next season. The plants are stocky growers, 
with large clusters of fruit and some along the 
stalk. Berries large—about two inches in 
circumference, a great many 2’^ inches, and 
some three inches. They are not so Hat as 
Souhogan or Gregg, u shiny black, free from 
bloom. The vines continue long in fruitage. 
1 picked berries for market last year from 
July the 4th until the 25th, and this year from 
July 7th until the 28th, and longer for the ta¬ 
ble. It is, therefore, a good family berry, and 
beiug several days earlier than Souhegan, 
and so firm, with, a good flavor, it is a good 
market berry. 1 should have had3,000 quarts 
but for heavy showers which beat the berries 
iu the dirt, as most of them were on young 
plants; so I lost some, and many being dirty 
sold for less. Arthur h. sherwood. 
Southport, Conn. 
From Marshall P. Wilder: 
In regard to raspberries, the Carman is the 
other bore a good crop for the size of the bush, 
aud the berries were the largest and richest 
black-caps I have ever tested. The Mammoth 
Cluster is nowhere beside it with me for pro¬ 
ductiveness or quality. My bush is small aud 
did not bear a quart all told, and consequent¬ 
ly we hail but very few "meals" from it; but 
enough to be able to say it pleases us better 
than auy variety of the cap raspberry (white 
or black) that we have ever tested. 
Ag. Editor N. E. Farmer, Dedham, Mass. 
From J. B. Rogers: 
In the Spring of 1885, Messrs G. H. & J. H. 
Hale, of Connecticut, sent me for trial plauts 
of the Carman black-cap. My soil does not 
seem congenial to the growth of this variety 
of black-cap. 1 cannot get any growth to 
speak of, aud hence can say nothing as to its 
merits. 
Milburne, N. J. 
From the N. E. Farmer of Aug. 7; 
A new black-cap, the “Carman," not yet 
INTRODUCTION AND IMPROVEMENT 
OF NEW VARIETIES OF STRAW¬ 
BERRIES. 
I propose to make a new departure in the 
