fflp ijfrfeiiuvn, 
A FINE HERD OF JERSEYS. 
While in Rochester, N. Y., recently, our 
correspondent visited the Grow Place herd of 
Jersey cattle, owned by S. D. McBride and 
P. J. Cogswell. The herd numbers about fifty 
head, and is led by the magnificent Stoke Po- 
gis and Victor Hugo Infll, Exile of St. Lam¬ 
bert, 13657. This animal has many excellent 
points. He is very large, weighing over 1,500 
pounds as a three-year-old, still there is not a 
coarse feature about him. His darn, Allie of 
St. Lambert, has yielded under test in mid¬ 
winter, 20 pounds 7 ounces of butter in seven 
days, and has given 03 pounds of milk per 
day. Her udder measures 03 inches in circum¬ 
ference. She is a large, beautiful cow. and 
one of the finest daughters of Stoke Pogis 
3rd. St. Lambert is in great demand. 
Every one sending a cow is required to pay 
410(1 on the birth of a living calf. Mr. E. J. 
Larrabee, of Albany, N. Y., has sent four of 
his finest animals there this year, and ex-Con- 
gressman Greenleaf, of Rochester,- had two 
fine cows there when our reporter visited the 
herd. All of the young' things that have de¬ 
scended from the herd of McBride aud Cogs¬ 
well this year and last are sired by Exde of 
St. Lambert, and show a remarkable re¬ 
semblance to each other. The calves wei*e all 
large and healthy, and without exception 
showed a good udder development. Over 05 
per cent, of his get are of solid color, and near¬ 
ly the same percentage have been heifer 
calves. 
At the head of the; Rural’s pre¬ 
miums offered to subscribers last year 
was a Jersey bull from this herd, 
which Mr. E. Williams, of Montclair, 
N. J., won. The calf is a strong, 
healthy, vigorous animal of solid 
color with full black points, sired by 
Exile of St. Lambert, and is to be 
called Rural Prince. 
Our reporter’s attention was at¬ 
tracted to a large cow of the Victor 
family, which bad a fine escutcheon, 
aud also to the dam Eva Locust, 
21050. Many of the young animals 
in this herd can be traced to Coomas- 
sie, Alphea, St. Holier 45, Welcome, 
Jersey JBolle of Scituate, Albert 44, 
Pansy S, Favorite of the Elms and 
other famous strains. All of the 
young heifers have been bred to Exile. 
Attention was also culled to Walter 
Girl, a large, beautiful, silver-gray 
cow, which lately tested at the rate of 
20 pounds 2 ounces of butter in seven 
days. Her bull calf seemed a very 
desirable animal to head a herd, as 
the average record of his own dam 
and sire’s dam loots up 23 pounds 7 ounces of 
butter in seven days. 
HEREFORD CATTLE. 
The Hereford is treading close on the heels 
of the Short-horn. Asa beef breed many con¬ 
sider the former on a line with the latter, or 
even a little ahead. The earliest notices of the 
White-faces praise them for their large size, 
hardiness aud excellence as draft animals, as 
well as for their aptitude to fatten readily, 
and for the superior quality of their meat, 
beautifully marbled by a desirable admixture 
of fat and lean, und for their profitableness as 
feeders, as it has long been claimed that in 
proportion to the feed, they lay on more flesh 
than any other breed. Beyond rare notices of 
this sort, little is known as to the early his¬ 
tory of the race before the opening of the pres¬ 
ent century. 
They are, no doubt, to a great extent, an ab¬ 
original race bred for ages in the county from 
which they get their name, it is generally 
thought that they belong to the same stock as 
the somewhat smaller cattle of Devon aud Suf¬ 
folk, and like these they were original ly a solid 
red. As these counties are a considerable dis¬ 
tance away, however, and other breeds were 
common in the intervening country, there 
are some doubt* on this point. The present 
characteristic markings of the breed are of 
comparatively recent date; for late in the last 
century aud early in the present, there were 
Hereford cattle of dark red or brown color 
with scarcely any white, as well as othei-s 
with mottled faces. 
In the History of Hereford Cattle just pub¬ 
lished, the authors, after a full rehearsal and 
comparison of all attainable information, say 
that a review of all the circumstances con¬ 
nected with the origin and development of the 
breed seems to establish the foci that it was 
founded on a variety of aboriginal cattle of 
the type from which the Devon and Sussex 
breeds have been derived. At an early period 
White Welsh cattle, larger in size, and proba¬ 
bly of foreign extraction, were introduced 
and mixed with the stock of Herefordshire, 
imparting a tendency to white markings, and 
enlarging the frames of the native breed. In 
1671 Lord Scudamore introduced from 
Flanders a number of red cattle with white 
faces, which “ strongly accentuated the white 
face,’' without rendering it universal. This 
cross probably also increased the size of the 
breed. During the 13th century other dis¬ 
tricts of England were resulted to for stock, as 
we read of the introduction of Gloucestershire, 
Devon and Montgomery blood into the race. 
lake nearly all our most valuable modern 
breeds, the Hereford would therefore appear 
to have beou the result of judicious amalgama¬ 
tion of various good sorts, both home-bred 
and foreign. Various elements were grafted 
on the native stock, stimulating the develop¬ 
ment of better properties. 
It was in 1700 that Robert Baltewell, of 
Dishley, Leicestershire, at the age of 35, suc¬ 
ceeded his father as proprietor of the Dishley 
farm; but he had already obtained some 
reputation as a breeder, which was soon greatly 
increased. His example and the results of his 
labors stimulated not only the Collings and 
other early Short-horn breeders, but also the 
breeders of Herefords. Down to the close of 
last century cattle in England were bred more 
for excellence before tlie plow or the wagon 
than in the dairy or the shambles ; and Bake- 
well was the first to devote his attention to 
the production of animals that would mature 
early, lay on fat readily at the lowest cost for 
feed, aud give generous results at the pail ; 
aud to accomplish this object he was the 
first to employ a seieutific.inethod of'breeding. 
line with the back. Thighs full of flesh to 
the hock. Flanks deep. Ribs well sprung. 
The whole carcass covered with rich, mellow 
flesh. Hide thick, yet mellow, well covered 
with soft, glossy hair with a tendency to 
curl. Horns such as are borne by the “mid¬ 
dle-honied” class. 
-- 
STOCK JOTTINGS. 
Import Duty on Cattle. — Consider¬ 
able indignation prevails among the stock- 
men of the Northwest at the recent im- 
position of a 20-per-cent, tax by the Canadian 
Government on importations of American 
cattle, and threats of retaliation are made. A 
number of stockmen finding the American 
ranges over-stocked or the grass in poor condi¬ 
tion, have crossed the line into the North¬ 
western Territory, where better pasturage can 
be had for little or nothing, and they are great¬ 
ly displeased at finding that if they drive their 
herds across, they will have to pay this duty. 
But this tax has really been legal since 1373, 
though it is only of late that it has lieen “op¬ 
pressively” enforced. We levy a duty' of 20 
per cent on all live stock imported from Cana¬ 
da or any other country, and the Dominion 
is merely retaliating. Canadians themselves 
have to pay the same tax on imports from 
this country, and Americans importing stock 
into the Dominion are merely placed on the 
same footing as Canadians. Some time buck, 
owing to fear of pi euro-pneumonia, the im¬ 
portation of American cattle into the Domin¬ 
ion was absolutely forbidden under any con¬ 
ditions without undergoing a quarantine; 
but this regulation has been relaxed in refer¬ 
ence to Northwestern cattle. Our Treasury 
HEREFORD CATTLE. From an old picture. Fig. 365. 
Re-engraved from the "History of Hereford Cattle,” page 194, 
flings brothers were in the im- Department has lately issued orders for the 
the Short-horns, the Tomkins, stricter enforcement of the duties on cattle 
>n, were in the improvement of “contiguous foreign countries,” and 
The elder Tomkins (Benja- Canada has simply followed our example. 
What the Collings brothers were in the im¬ 
provement of the Short-horns, the Tomkins, 
father and son, were in the improvement of 
the Herefords. The elder Tomkins (Benja¬ 
min) is supposed to have begun breeding about 
1742, and had a large measure of success, but 
his son, Benjamin Tomkins, the Younger, was 
by far the more noted breeder. His herd is 
supposed to have originated in 1766 from stock 
purchased iu the neighborhood of his farm at 
Kiug’s Fyon, Herefordshire, and though he 
paid little attention to color, and early in his 
career was not particular about introducing 
the blood of other Hereford strains, or even 
of other breeds, he left at his death, iu 
1315, what was considered the finest herd of 
Hereford cattle in existence. Alter this had 
been greatly reduced by private sales, 23 
head were sold by auction iu 1819, and av¬ 
eraged £149 each. At Charles Collings sale 
at Ketton, in 1810, the average of 47 Short¬ 
horns was £151.8s.. and at Robert (killing's 
sale at Barrnpton, in 1818, 01 head averaged 
£128, 17s., 1 <)d., aud at his solo in 1820, 40 head 
averaged £49, 8s., 7r/. So that the prices at 
the first great Hereford and Short-horn sales 
were hardly in favor of the Short-horns. 
Other eminent Hereford breeders, contempo¬ 
raries or survivors of Tomkins, and whose 
names and strains are still honored in Here¬ 
ford circles, are Galliers, Tully, Skyrine, 
Price, Hewer, Jeffries, etc. 
The cows Dorothea and Theodora, Fig.. 365, 
winners oi the first and second prizes at the 
Royal show of 1384, are specimens of the breed. 
As will be seen, the face, throat, chest, belly 
and part of the legs with the crest of the 
mane and tip of the tail, are white. Coun¬ 
tenance pleasant, and open, denoting good 
temper and that quiet disposition essential to 
economical fattening. Head small in com¬ 
parison wit.li the rest of the body. Chest 
deep anii full. Shoulder-blades thin, flat and 
sloping towards the chine, and well covered 
with mellow flesh. Chine and loin broad. 
Hips long and moderately broad. Legs 
strait and small. Rump forming a straight 
Ska Transportation of Live Stock.—A 
considerable number of the transatlantic 
steamers are uow fitted up with special refer¬ 
ence to the transportation of live stock with 
much less risk of injury and far more regard 
to comfort tliau even u year ago. Speed is 
recognized as an important consideration at 
sea, as greatly lessening the risk of loss, which 
other things being equal, is always heaviest 
when the animals have been weakened and de¬ 
moralized towards the close of the voyage. 
Lately the uew steamer Ale ides, budt*and 
fitted up as a first-class live stock boat, mude 
the round trip between Glasgow and Montreal 
and discharged both cargoes within a month— 
an unprecedented feat. She had 141 horses on 
board—mostly Clydesdales—besides a lot of 
cattle—chiefly polls. Montreal is becoming a 
favorite port of debarkation with American as 
well as Canadian shippers of live stock. The 
distance to the mouth of the Rt. Lawrence is 
less than that to Boston or New York; the 
water thence is smooth: the animals are car¬ 
ried far inland; the railroad routes to the 
homes of the importers are usually shorter 
and more convenient, and as the animals are 
“for breeding purposes,” there is no trouble 
about bringing them into the United States 
duty free. _ 
Rescue of Stock From Fire. —Scarcely 
a week passes without accounts of heavy 
losses of cattle and horses confined in burning 
stables. In a few cases the animals become so 
dazed and frightened that they would not es¬ 
cape through an open door if loose, but as a 
general thing they might bo saved if they were 
not tied; aud often it is too risky a business to 
enter the burning building to untie them. 
Lately an ingenious contrivance for releasing 
horses, cows aud other stall animals, in case 
of fire, has been invented by Mr. Fred¬ 
erick Chawner, of England. Inside a tube, 
which is fixed underneath the feeding troueh, 
runs an iron bar, and to this, in the center of 
each compartment, a hook is welded. By 
means of an aperture in the tube the halter- 
chain may be threaded on to the hook. In 
case of fire the animals may be instantaneous¬ 
ly released by any one outside the building by 
drawing out the rod three or four inches, for 
the hooks being drawn past the aperture, the 
halter-chain or rope falls to the ground. To 
farmers aud the proprietors of large stables, 
the invention is an important one. 
There must be a good ileal of dissatisfac¬ 
tion with recent methods aud objects in Rliort- 
horn breeding in England, when a Short-horn 
enthusiast suggests (in the L. S. J.) that the 
Short-horn Herd Book Society should burn its 
31 volumes ami begin afresh. This would be a 
truly heroic way of getting rid of the “pedi¬ 
gree” incubus. But what, he asks iu desperation 
are Short-horn men to do to keep iu the race, 
while they are being beaten “allround”—by 
Herefords in the Southwest and Aberdeen- 
Angus iu the Northeast. Cap American Short¬ 
horn men answer the conundrum? 
Ayrshire cattle won the champion milking 
prize at the Bath and West of England Show 
the other day. Why don’t the English Agri¬ 
cultural societies have separate classes for this 
valuable dairy breed? Why don’t Ayrshire 
breeders call more attention to their merits on 
this side of the water? 
A South American buyer purchased three 
yearling Booth Short-horns and a bull at 
Warlaby the other day.A draft of 45 of 
the Aberdeen-Angus herd of Sir George 
McFherson Grant of Ballindallock, 
Bauffshire, Seotlaud. were>old by 
auction ou September 7. Among 
them were specimens of the Erica, 
Pride, and the other famous families 
of the herd. In spite of depressed 
times the prices were satisfactory, 
.Who knows anything about 
a race of “white-polled cattle,” said 
to he now bred in Erie County A’New 
York ? They are reported to be 
good milkers and beef producers, and 
it is said to he the intention to im¬ 
prove, refine aud pedigree them. 
—-- - 
device for holding a bull. 
A friend, whose address we have 
unfortunately mislaid,sends us the de¬ 
vice shown at Fig. 368, p. 025. It was 
suggested by the picture ou page 520, 
illustrating the riot which takes place 
in a haruyard when an ugly bull 
oneegets his head down. The device 
is fully shown iu the picture. A 
small riug is fastened into the nose 
ring and connected with a strap 
which passes up over the bead to he 
fastened to a surcingle just hack of the 
shoulders. It is impossible for the bull to 
lower his head, and he can be led with safety. 
It is not intended that the head should be held 
up all the time, but only when the animal is 
being led from place to place. It will be 
handy to use in leading ugly bulls to the fair. 
COMBINED ICE-HOURE AND MILK- 
ROOM. 
Our ice-house and millc-room combined 
cost us about 825, not, including labor. The 
outside dimensions are 10x18 feet. The up¬ 
rights—all 2x10 inches—are set two feet apart 
edgewise. Riding is uailed to tile outside and 
lining to the inside, thus making a dead air¬ 
space of 10 inches. The roof is mude of half- 
inch stuff laid like clapboards with about 
eight inches to the weather. A partition of 
inch stuff runs through the center to the 
hight of the eaves, thus making the ice-house 
eight feet square and the milk-room the same 
size. The floor of the ice-house is uiade of 
clay, rammed hard, covered with six inches 
of gravel and four inches of sawdust 
on this. Tiie ice is surrounded on all sides 
with six inches of sawdust packing. A small 
window at each gable end and a small box 
running up through the center furnish venti¬ 
lation. Shelves along the partition allow for 
shallow milk setting. In one corner of the 
milk-room, towards which the floor of the ice¬ 
house slopes, is placed a tank for deep setting. 
This is 20 inches wide, two feet six inches 
long und two feet deep. This will hold live 
or six five-gallon cans. It is an ordinary dry 
goods box caulked, and given a coat of asbes¬ 
tos, and sunk into the ground to receive the 
drit> from the ice-house with an outlet at 
the bottom emptying into a drain. When 
the drip troni the ice-house is not sufficient, 
water is put in from the well. The cans are 
made by a tinsmith. They are 8j._, inches in 
diameter and 19 inches deep. They are 
fitted with tight covers and have little balls 
