Dairying in England.— Prof, L. B. Ar¬ 
nold, our well-known dairy authority, has just 
returned from a tour among the dairy coun¬ 
ties of England. In a very interesting article 
which he contributes to the New England 
Homestead he says that the factory system has 
been growing in England since 1869, but the 
number of factories has only got up to 80 in 
the 17 years it has been progressing, and yet 
they seem to he doing fairly good work: judg¬ 
ing from the few factories visited and the 
cheese seen, they are turning out quite as good 
work as the factories iu the States, but not as 
good as the Canadian factories, especially 
those in Western Ontario in the neighborhood 
of Ingersoll. The best cheese Prof. Arnold 
met. with was from Western Ontario, and it 
everywhere took the lead in reputation and 
price. Not all the cheese, however, from West¬ 
ern Ontario was fine. All he saw that was 
made on the old acid process, still too muehiu 
A*gue in Canada as well as the States, was no 
Detter than State or English cheese, if as good. 
It was the cheese made by drawing the whey 
sweet and giving the curd a long ripening af¬ 
ter it is out of the whey, by keeping it warm, 
that has given Canadian cheese the good name 
it has acquired, and it. seems a pity that other 
factory men, and especially our own, are so 
slow in adopting it. This process is as much 
superior to the acid process as the factory sys¬ 
tem is to private dairying, which the English 
dairymen are adhering to with a tenacity that 
looks to us like a blind and stubborn conser¬ 
vatism, but many of our own factory men show 
a conservatism equally blind and stubborn in 
their stupid continuance iu the old acid rut. 
Whether the product is butter or cheese, so 
long as the bulk of it is made m families, there 
will be about as many varieties as there are 
families making it, and while some of it may 
be fine and as fancy as it is possible to make, 
yet the bulk will always be inferior because 
the great majority of makers are not experts. 
A few '' (in always be found In any community 
more skillful than the rest, and it is the sub¬ 
mitting the milk of the many to the skill of 
these few that gives the associated system an 
advantage in quality and uniformity over pri 
vate dairying, that it will always retain. Bo 
long as the English stick to their present pre¬ 
ference of lnakiug cheese in families, the great 
bulk of it will continue to be inferior to that 
made by their kin in America who associate 
and employ their best experts. 
In the midland counties where most of 
Prof. Arnold's time was spent, English butter 
w as not quite as high-flavored or as high-col¬ 
ored as American butter, either States or 
Canadian, when all w'ere uncolored and other¬ 
wise made alike. A rich soil, all other con¬ 
ditions being equal, contributes to richness of 
milk and to high flavor iu butter, and seeing 
that the soil averaged richer m England, he 
anticipated finding higher-flavored butter, 
and was surprised and at first a little puzzled 
to account for its being lower-flavored instead, 
but after studying the situation awhile, he 
thought he saw two causes operating to pro¬ 
duce the uulooked-for qualities. One of these 
was the want of sunshine and hot weather. 
In England there is more cloudy and foggy 
weather than here, aud the grass there 
gets much less sunshine. England has a 
more equitable climate than we have. It is 
warmer there in Winter and cooler iu Summer 
than with us. Flavor in grass, as iu fruit, is 
the combined product of sunshine and warm 
weather. Other circumstances may modify 
the flavor of grass, but where all other con¬ 
ditions are equal, the lower the temperature 
at which it grows the less flavor will develop 
in it. 
The other cause modifying the butter of 
England is the breed of cows employed iu its 
production. Iu the midland counties they are 
nearly all Short-borus, and many of them 
pedigreed animals. That breeds, as well as 
species, mold the flavor of their milk differ¬ 
ently is a fact well understood. The difference 
between the milk of different species is wider 
than between different breeds of the same 
species. The milk of a mare aud a cow differ 
more than the milk from different breeds of 
either species, but that, the Jersey, Devon and 
Kerry cows give milk which makes higher- 
flavored and higher-colored butter than Dutch 
cows aud Short-horns is plain, and the differ¬ 
ence between Short-horns and the common 
American cows, though less distinct, is wide 
enough to be distinctly appreciated, and to be 
recognized as a sufficient cause for a difference 
in the butters made from the milk of two kinds 
of cows. 
Prof. Arnold does not mike this comparison 
tojspaak disparagingly of English butter as 
THE RURAL HEW-VORKER 
SEPT IS 
compared with American, or asbeing in any 
sense poor when taken as a whole. 
English butter is no more uniform than our 
owm, but. though originally not possessing 
quite as much flavor as Gin's, as an average it 
goes upon the table to suit his teste and the 
taste of the average human, better than aver¬ 
age American butter does. He considers it a 
vitiated taste that calk for crowding an ounce 
of salt into a pound of butter. Even a mild 
taste of butter is more palatable to him than 
the taste of salt, and he believes this is true of 
all the world outside of America. The English, 
so far as he saw. use butter with very little 
or no salt. Whatever good there is iu it 
is iu a condition to be appreciated aud en¬ 
joyed by the consumer. It is neither covered 
up nor warped by au overdose of salt, and that 
meets his choice exactly. 
Balderdash.— “When the dairymen under¬ 
took to say that the laboring poor, who, from 
necessity rather thau choice, must use the sub¬ 
stitutes for butter or eat their bread and ]x>tn- 
toes dry, shall contribute of their poverty two 
cents on every pound of it to the support of 
government to protect their interests, it is go¬ 
ing a good deal farther than they have any 
right to. It is au encroachment upon the 
rights of others” to which a writer in the New 
England Farmer, objects to being a party. 
"The wrongs of the dairymen can never be 
righted by wronging the poor,” says he. 
"From necessity rather than choice,” the 
‘•laboring poor” have to use tools, household 
utensils, clothing, etc., the price of every item 
of which is increased by the heavy duties lev¬ 
ied on lower-priced foreign rivals for “the 
support of government to protect’’ the inter¬ 
ests of American manufacturers. The tax 
levied on oleomargarine for the protection of 
the dairy Interests of the country—to enable 
struggling dairymen to make a living by for¬ 
cing the manufacturers of "oleo” to deal hon¬ 
estly—will not amount to much over $ 606 ,0(MJ 
a year; the tax levied on the other home-made 
goods of the country to protect manufactur¬ 
ers so as to enable them to pile up more mill¬ 
ions, rims up high among the millions every 
year. How is it that we hear so little about 
the heavy tax which the poor arc forced to 
•‘eontribute of their poverty” towards the vast, 
fortunes of our manufacturers, while we hear 
so much about the slender contribution they 
make to enable equally hard-working dairy¬ 
men to live, as well as to protect themselves 
from fraudulent imposition? But will the 
"laboring poor” really have to pay more for 
this "substitute for butter on their bread and 
potatoes,” because of the two cent tax? We 
think decidedly uot. As a rule they have hither¬ 
to had to pay butter prices for the concoction; 
after the new law has gone into force, they 
will have to pay ouly oleomargarine pri :es 
for it. There is little doubt that prices of 
oleo will be lower after November 1 than at 
any former time in spite of this two-cent tax, 
aud if the "laboring poor” really hanker after 
the stuff itself, its sale is likely to increase 
rather thau diminish. Ali this gabble about 
"protecting the poor man’s food,” legislating 
against one American interest in favor of an¬ 
other, etc., is mere balderdash so long as it is 
confined to one out of many cases. 
Epilepsy. —From National and Ktato sta¬ 
tistics, aud from the number of inquiries sent 
to us with regard to the merits of nostrums 
for the "cure” of epilepsy, it is very evideut 
that this disease is oue of the greatest curses 
of the human race. At a meeting of the 
British Medical Association at Brighton, Eug- 
laud, ou August 17, reported by the London 
Times, Mr. Victor Horseley,F. R. 8., Burgeon 
of the National Hospital for the Paralyzed aud 
Epileptic, exhibited three patients who had 
long been suffering from severe epileptic fits 
and who had beeu cured by Mr. Horsoly by 
opening the skull aud removing the diseased 
structure or new growth from the brain itself. 
Thu operation is reganled as opening anew 
era in surgery, promising to rid the human 
race of this terrible disease. In all cases the 
operation was not difficult, and the recovery 
was speedy without any retarding symptoms. 
As the operations are of recent date, there has 
not been time to prove that the cures are per¬ 
manent. What is actually prove* 1 at present 
is that it has become possible, by the observa¬ 
tion of symptoms, uot only to determine the 
fact of the existence of some morbid growth 
within the skull, but also to determine its pre¬ 
cise position with such accuracy that itcau be 
cut down upon aud removed. It is also proved 
that considerable portions of the brain may 
be removed without injury, the functions to 
which these portions are .subservient lacing 
performed, after a while, very possibly, by 
corresponding parte of the opposite hemis¬ 
phere. Two of the patients had been injured, 
so that there were external indications; but 
iu the third there was nothing of this 
kind, aud the point at which the skull should 
be opened was determined solely by the fact 
that the fits commenced in a particular group 
of muscles—those, namely, which act. upon 
the left thumb. The physician iu charge of 
the case was able to say that this manner of 
commencement pointed certainly to the pres¬ 
ence of a continuing source of irritation near 
the surface of the brain at a definite spot.; and, 
the surgeon having opened the skull at the 
point indicated, a tumor was found imbedded 
in the brain substance, and, together with a 
portion of the brain surrounding it, was re¬ 
moved, so far with absolute cessation of the 
fits, which were previously not only very fre¬ 
quent, but, as might have been expected, 
were also increasing alike iu frequency aud 
severity, and were such ns to disable the pa¬ 
tient from following any occupation, uot to 
say that they placed his life iu constant jeop¬ 
ardy from accident. By experimenting with 
electricity ou living animals rendered uncon- 
eious, it. has been found that the brain surface 
is largely made up of "motor areas”—regions 
which excite movements, each iu its special 
part of the body, so that a skillful experi¬ 
menter by stimulating iu succession different 
parts of the braiu can cause a narcotized and 
therefore unconscious animal to perform a 
considerable variety of actions with perfect 
precisian. Horseley, knowing wliat part of 
the brain caused the movement of the patient's 
left thumb, cut down on that spot and re¬ 
moved the tumor that caused the epileptic 
movement. _ 
Rather Mixed as to Oats.— We have 
just received a bulletiu from the Ohio Ex. 
Station, which presents the yield of 29 kinds of 
oats, or rather of oats with different names. 
Badger Queen, at the rate of 75 bushels to 
the acre ; Clydesdale, 6(5; Racehorse, 53; Wel¬ 
come, 41. The Rural has found these all the 
same, viz., the White Australian. Are we 
mistaken? Thu report makes no mention of 
their lieing the same or even of.resembling 
each other, further thau is shown by the fact 
that they all ripened at the same date. The 
difference iu yield, supposing them to be the 
same, aud that they were treated the same, is 
surprising. Neither is there any mention of the 
fact that Yankee Prolific audWhite Russiauare 
the same. Is it not as important that farmers 
should know that a eertaiu kind of oats is sold 
under half-a-dozen different names and at as 
many different prices, as that they should 
know the difference in yield, weight of grain 
ami straw, aud timeof ripening, all of which 
is owing either to a difference in the quality 
of the seed or the soil ? If Welcome had been 
sown upon the Badger Queen plot, no doubt it 
would have yielded 75 bushels instead of 41! 
According to the bulletin, Black Russian 
oats yielded 85, Black Tartarian 88, Early Da¬ 
kota 62, Early Prize Cluster (51, Probsteier 70, 
White Scluenen 52, White Victoria 57 bushels 
to the acre. The bulletin says that the aver¬ 
age yield and weight per measured bushel of 
the early ripening varieties are greater than 
of those that ripen late. 
Dogs too Many; Dollars too Few. —In 
1880 there were 625 Indians iu Maine, of 
whom 812 were males aud 818 females. Every 
able-bodied Iudian in the Btute has a dog and 
every Indian who is not able-bodied has two, 
says the Lewiston Journal, They play the old 
Nick with the sheep of the neighboring far- 
mere aud run down a few deer. They are the 
homeliest, gauntest family of dogs in the 
Btate. A man iu Perry recently lost 26 sheep 
by the teeth of these cure and made a row 
about it. He went to the Indians aud threat¬ 
ened to sue them. They laughed at him. Oue 
old Indian addressed him as follows: "White 
man everything; Indian nothing. What going 
to do?” The argument was unanswerable. 
Change the names anil, with some modifica¬ 
tions, isn’t the story true of your section also, 
reader? 
The Fly Torment. —Of all sorts of cattle 
subject to suffering from flies, fattening stock 
aud those at faire are most to be pitied. In 
spite of the best care, tine-skinned animals 
will lay on little flesh unless they are in some 
way protected from these pests. If “fly nets” or 
sheets cannot be used, it is found that the ani¬ 
mals will not be worried much in the stable or 
at pasture, if they are sponged every morning 
with the following wash: Kerosene, half a 
pint; water, three gallons; carbolic acid, half 
a pint. The Loudon Live Stock Journal 
thinks it will pay to sinmge every beast in the 
house night aud morniug. 
SHORT AND FRESH. 
A writer in our esteemed contemporary 
the Farmers’ Review, says that listing corn is 
the lazy man’s way of doing away with extra 
work in the Spring. But he thinks that the 
lazy man us in other cases “takes the most 
pains.” The listed corn has not stood the 
drought half as well os planted corn...,. 
Du. Babcock of the N. Y. Ex. Station, we 
learn, has solved the question of detecting 
adulterations in milk and butter and imita¬ 
tion butters—a matter of the first importance 
certainly..... 
Only a knowledge of bees, faithful atten¬ 
tion to the apiary and a thorough and timely 
preparation for the houey flow, swarming aud 
wintering, will make any man or woman 
a successful bee-keeper, says the Vermont 
W atehman. 
Were we dreaming, asks the Western 
Plowman, or did a little bird whisper to us 
that a great organization was about to be 
formed called the Daughters of Purity, in 
which men are to be measured by the same 
standard that they' apply to the character of 
women?... 
Make cuttings of cun-ants and gooseber¬ 
ries now. Six inches long will answer. Mel¬ 
low the soil, insert them vertically (straight up 
and down) or nearly so and press the soil about 
them fi rmly . 
Save the best specimens of tomatoes for 
seed, no matter, whether they are the earliest 
or latest, so that they grow upon varieties suit¬ 
ably- early- for your soil aud climate. We can 
not compete with the South as to earliness, and 
we should think more of solidity, smoothness, 
quality and productiveness . 
Ik the farmer’s help does not feel inclined to 
pay for and read a good paper with some 
trustworthy agricultural information iu it, it 
will pay the employer to spend the money for 
it and present it to his workman, say-s the 
N. Y. Times... .... 
The Merino, says J, S. Woodward in the N. 
Y. Tribune, is a noble sheep, the pride of the 
American breeder, but there is no reason why 
he cannot be greatly improved. Why not 
breed for fewer wrinkles, less grease aud more 
wool?... 
Dr. Kedzie says that all cisterns should have 
an outlet pipe as well as an inlet, aud of the 
two the outlet is the more important. And 
the escape pi[>e should extend to within half 
an inch of the lowest part of the cistern, and 
should not be more thau two inches iu diame¬ 
ter when the eutranee pipe is four inches. So 
when the cistern becomes full during a heavy 
raiu the water is pressed out with force 
enough to carry with it all the dirt and sedi¬ 
ment that will settle iu the lowest place, along 
with ali the old impure water. Put the outlet 
and inlet well down below the frost. Make 
the neck long enough so the frost cannot enter. 
Above all, make the cistern os deep as possi¬ 
ble Avoid filters; aud you will have a cis¬ 
tern of satisfaction to y-ou aud to coming gen¬ 
erations. The cistern preferably should be 
made egg-shaped. 
The Indiana Ag. Coll. (Lafayette, Ind.) 
raised 49 different kinds of wheat the past sea¬ 
son. Velvet Chaff ranks first both as to har¬ 
diness and yield. It is described as a bearded 
wheat. The Velvet Chaff raised at the Rural 
Grounds is beardless. Oh, for a correct nom¬ 
enclature! The Michigan Amber also ranks 
high. W. C. Latta says that the only wheat 
which the College has for sale that he can con¬ 
fidently- recommend is the Velvet Chaff. 
C. D. Warner says that a dead bird does 
not help the appearance of an ugly woman, 
and a pretty woman needs no such adorn¬ 
ment. .. 
The N. E. Homestead advises farmers and 
fruit growere to secure barrels early, while the 
demand is less than the supply. 
A prominent Short-horu breeder in one of 
our Northern States recently said to a corres¬ 
pondent of the Breeder’s Gazette that he would 
"give $5,000 if bis Short-horns were without 
horns.” The New England Farmer says that 
a Hereford breeder, whose name stauds high 
in the Hereford fraternity, told the same 
writer that- he would remove the horns from 
every one of his heifers if ho did not know it 
would hurt their sale. The steer of the future 
aud the domestic cow of the future will be 
without, horns. 
We are firm believers in cutting corn as 
soon as most of the grain is glazed, though 
the rule does not so well apply to the dent 
corn. 
Save the corn fodder liefore it is harmed 
by frost. Mr. Stewart well says If it is cut 
before frost, it is green aud full of nutritious 
stureli and sugar. Frost tends to change 
these to woodv fiber. This part of the corn 
crop is often equal in value to the grain,. .. 
Southern farmers believe the cow pea to 
be the best milk-and-cream-makiug fodder 
grown, aud from the known nutritious char¬ 
acter of this plant the claim is no doubt just. 
We have raised immense crops of this pea at 
the Rural Farm. Care, however, must betaken 
as to varieties selected.. . 
Pomeroy’s Democrat says that every time 
a person tells the truth ho adds to his strength 
of character; every time he oppresses a ser¬ 
vant he is guilty of a sin; every time he pays 
rent he is taking that much away from a home 
