62 7 
<886 THE RURAL fJEW-YORKER. 
of bis own; every Lime he refrains from speak¬ 
ing in defense of a friend he proves that he is 
not a friend_..... ... 
EASY Mathematics.— The Vindicator pro¬ 
poses this problem: If a fanner pays $250 for 
a twine-binder in the Spring, and cuts Sliii) 
worth of wheat in the Summer with it. how 
long will the binder have to stand out in the 
weather to get a mortgage on the farm!. 
A Short-horn cow belonging to David 
Niles, of Pickaway County, O., gave birth to 
a well-developed calf, a few da vs since, which 
weighed just eight pounds. So says the Live 
Stock Indicate..... 
According to the past year’s experiments 
with wheats at the Ohio Agricultural Experi¬ 
ment Station, two pecks of seed to the acre 
gave a yield of 42 bushels; three pecks, 43; four 
pecks, 42; five pecks, 42; six pecks, 88; seven 
pecks, 37; eight pecks, 28. A second sowing 
of four pecks gave 30. 
As to dates of sowing, four pecks being the 
quantity sown, August 20 gave 41 bushels per 
acre; September 10, 82; September 17, 35; Sep¬ 
tember 24, 30; October 1, 42; October 8,86; 
October 15, 38; October 22, 80. Plots two and 
and three were not so well prepared as the 
other plots, owing to wet weather. 
It is now nearly two years since we called 
notice to the growing attention paid to mat¬ 
ters agricultural by the American magazines, 
as manifested by the number of articles most 
of them contain during the year relating to 
farmers’ affairs, especially live stock. The 
Loudon Live Stack Journal notices a similar 
tendeucy in English journalism; bub it is iu 
the great dailies rather than iu the magazines. 
While most of the prominent daily papers iu 
this country publish weekly editions with one 
or more columns devoted to agricultural topics, 
the English dailies have not yet followed the ex¬ 
ample. Their ouly notice of farming matters 
has until lately been in the shape of news; but 
recently the Times has been discussing Hamp¬ 
shire sheep; the St. .James Gazette has devot¬ 
ed nearly a page to Hereford cattle, while the 
Pall Mall Gazette, not. to be outdone by its 
younger rival, has had a long article on Moun¬ 
tain Sheep I 
Principal W alley, of Edinburg, consid¬ 
ers saltaud sugar good helps iu feeding young 
stock if supplied in proper measure; but an 
over-dose of the former acts as an irritant, 
and of the latter as a purge.. 
The Professor is sure there is uo hereditary 
tendeucy iu contagious pleuro-pneumonin_ 
Ergot on grass is unusually ploutiful this 3-ear 
iu England, and farmers are warned against 
it as a prolific cause of abortion in stock. 
Was Abraham Liueoln a crank when he 
made this declaration; “I affirm it as my 
settled conviction that class laws placing cap¬ 
ital above labor in the structure of the Gov¬ 
ernment endanger the Republic more fatally 
this hour than did chattel slavery in the days 
of its haughtiest supremacy.”. 
ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. 
[Every query must be accompanied by the name 
and address of the writer to Insure attention. Ik-fore 
asking a question, please see If It Is not answered Iu 
our udvertlslut; columns. Ask only a few questions tit 
one time. Hilt questions on a separate piece of paper. I 
BLOODY milk; HORSE RUBBING TAIL AND ,4 
MANE. 
J. IP., Franklin, N. </..—1. What is the 
causa of bloody-milk? 2. Why does a horse 
scratch his tiil aud maue, and what can lie 
done for him? 
ANSWERED BY F. W. KILBORN. 
1. The causes of bloody-milk are very vari¬ 
able. The most common cause is some local 
injury, as from kicks, bruises from stones 
thrown by careless attendants, walking 
through underbrush or over a low fence, or ly¬ 
ing on a hard or pointed body. The injury 
may bo so slight as to be unobserved except for 
the milk. Hanning or chasing by dogs; a too 
sudden change of diet, as from scant to rich, 
flush feed; also feeding upon certain acrid or 
resinous plants, as some of the ranunculi, 
polygonums, conifer® and others which are 
said to muse bloody milk; occasionally during 
heat, especially if ridden by their fellows. 
Auy condition that causes congestion and in¬ 
flammation of the udder, even if but slight, is 
liable to cause bloody milk. The course of 
treatment will depeud somewhat ou the cause 
of the difficulty. If possible, first ascertain 
and remove the cause wlnre it still eipisfcj. Iu 
most cases a pound of Epsom salts, with two 
ounces of ginger, will be found beneficial to 
open the bowels and relieve blood pressure; to 
be repeated after 24 hours if no movement of 
the bowels is produced by the first dose. This 
may be followed by oue-ounce doses of nitre, 
night and morning. During treatment the 
diet should be restricted and consist largely of 
greeu food, roots and mashes. If there is auy 
slight local injury, swelling or inflammation 
of the udder, bathe for twenty minutes after 
each milking with cold water and rub vigor 
on sly. If feeding heavily or ou very flush pas¬ 
ture, feed more sparingly until the difficulty 
has passed, theu increase the feed gradually. 
In the absence of auy apparent cause look over 
the pastures for plants that would be liable to 
produce the trouble. If pasturing ou wood 
lots or swampy ground, remove to a pasture 
that is occasionally under cultivation. 2. If 
the rubbing is con Sued to the mane and 
tail it is probably due to some animal parasite, 
either lice or a form of mauge. Closely 
examine the skin about the roots of 
the hair, ou at least three or four occasions 
both by daylight and lamplight, for lice. If 
uo lice are found, look for scabs, crusts or 
roughness of the skiu. Remove any crusts 
found, break them up final}* over a large sheet 
of writing paper, and watch carefully, pre¬ 
ferably with a low magnifying glass, for 
slight movement of minute particles or specks. 
Auy such found will be mange, scab or itch 
parasites. If crusts or scabs are found, soak 
and remove by washing thoroughly with 
strong soft soap suds, theu apply an ointment 
of one part of oil of tar, and 20 parts of sweet 
oil, or a sulphur ointment, rubbing the oint¬ 
ment well into the roots of the hair. If no 
crusts are found, apply a solution of water 
saturated with kerosene or a strong solution 
of tobacco—one pound of tobacco boiled iu 10 
quarts of water. Whitewash the stall or 
stable, adding a half pint of kerosene to each 
bucket of whitewash. 
• FAILURE OF AN APPLE ORCHARD. 
E. T. ./., Newport News, Fa.—My apple 
orchard is 14 years old, aud has been cultivat¬ 
ed ever since set out. It is ou the south side of 
a 2fi-year-okl pine wood, from which it is sep¬ 
arated by a road. Soou after the leaves 
apjM-ar iu several rows uear the wood they 
turu yellow aud several spots are seen on the 
upper, aud a flue yellow dust on the under 
side. In a few weeks they drop off aud are 
replaced by new leaves which seem healthy 
for the rest of the year. In other parts of the 
orchard a tree is now and then similar¬ 
ly affected. Such trees never bear auy fruit, 
aud the others yield only a few, and those 
knotty aud wormy. In 1878 I gathered 45 
barrels of the nicest aud smoothest apples I 
ever saw, and in August, the same year, 
every tree in the orchard was hlowu down by 
a heavy gale. They were set up again, but 
since theu I have never had a smooth, nice 
apple. Can anythiug be done to make the 
orchard fruitful, aud the fruit handsome? 
ANSWERED BY W. I.. DEVEREAUX. 
The spots on the leaf and yellow dust under¬ 
neath at. the first, leafing out in Spring, to¬ 
gether with the abundance of knotty, gnarly 
apples, point to that common pest of the apple, 
the fungus growth uamed Fusicladium den- 
dritieum, an account of which appeared in the 
Rural August 1,188.5. Our friend’s orchard 
is attacked very severely, but orchards iu 
every direction are injured very extensively iu 
foliage by it this year, and it seems to be an¬ 
nually increasing. Trees put on a healthy 
growth of leaves after the attack, but on many 
all the foliage isn’t clean and the new tip 
shoots decked in light-green leaves present the 
appearance of colored flags fixed to a tree with 
dusty, worn foliage. The failure of the ap¬ 
ple crop this seasou in the North, is largely 
due, 1 assert, to this parasite. Orchards near 
Lake Ontario aud other bodies of water, have 
a favorable influence protecting them from this 
|H‘st. Trees leafing aud blooming late escaped, 
just as the late-leafing peaches escape the 
“curl-leaf” fungus. Old trees or those which 
have received even less injury than the above 
orchard, are much subject to this “mildew.” 
Incomplete plant food in the soil, aud in the 
present ease, the unfavorable influence of a pine 
forest adjoining, certainly assist the develop¬ 
ment of the parasite. It is very possible that 
a thorough treatment with wood ashes, muri¬ 
ate of potash, a heavy mulch of sea weed, or 
even straw, might reclaim the orchard. Mr. 
Malcom Little, of Maleom, New York, has 
succeeded in curing the “yellows” of the peach 
with alkaline mulches, and he thinks these ap¬ 
plications are needed in the apple orchard. 
A CONGRESSIONAL BLACK-LIST. 
Several Inquirers buve asked for the 
names of the members of the House of Repre¬ 
sentatives who voted ugainst the Oleomarga¬ 
rine Bill, aud who should therefore be black¬ 
listed by the dairymen of the country. Here 
they are : Jfl Republicans and 85 Democrats; 
30 from the Northern and 71 from the South¬ 
ern States. Republicans in italics: 
Adams, John J., New York City. 
Barbour, Johu S., Alexandria, Va. 
Barnes. George T.. Augusta, Ga. 
Bennett, Risdon T., Wadesborougb, N. C. 
Banchard, Newton C., Shreveport, La. 
Blount, James H.. Macon. Ga. 
Breckenridge, Clifton, Pine Bluff, Ark. 
Breekeuridge, Will C. P., Lexington, Ky. 
Browne, Thomas \L, Winchester, Ind. 
Blimes. James N., St. Joseph Mo. 
Cabell, George C., Danville, Va. 
Campbell, Felix, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Campbell, Timothy J., New York City. 
Candler, Allen D., Gainesville, Ga. 
Catchings, Thomas C., Vicksburg, Miss. 
Cobb. Thomas R., Vincennes, Ind. 
Collins, Patrick A., Boston Mass. 
Cowles, Wm. H, H., Wilkesboro, N. C. 
Cox, Wm. R., Raleigh. N. C. 
Craiu, W. H., Cuero. Tex. 
Crisp, Charles F , Americus, Ga. 
Culberson, David C.. Jefferson, Tex. 
Curtin, Andrew G., Bellefonte, Penn. 
Daniel, J. W., Lynchburg, Va. 
Dargau, Geo. W., Darlington, N. C. 
Davidson, Alex. C.. Unioutowo, Ala. 
Dibble, Samuel, Orangeburg, S. C. 
Dougherty, Charles. Port Orange. Fla. 
Dowdney, Abraham, New York City. 
Dunham , Ransom. W. Chicago. 
Dunn, Poindexter, Forest City Ark. 
Fisher. Speneer O.. West Bay City, Mich. 
Ford. George, South Bud, Ind. 
Forney. William II,. Jacksonville, Ala. 
Gay. Edward J. t Plaqueinine, La. 
Gibson, Eustace, Huntingdon, W. Va. 
Glass, Peter T., Ripley. Tenn. 
Hammond, Nathauief J., Atlanta, Ga. 
Harris, Henry R\ Greenville, Ga. 
Hemphill, John J., Chester, S. C. 
Henderson, Johu S., Salisbury. N. C. 
Herbert, Hillary A.. Montgomery, Ala. 
Hewitt, Abram S., New York City. 
Houk, Leonidas C., Knoxville. Teuu. 
Hutton. John E., Mexico. Mo. 
Irion, Alfred B., Marksville. La. 
Johnston, Thomas D., Asheville. N. C. 
Jones. James H.. Henderson, Tex. 
Jones, James T.. Demopolis. Ala. 
Kellmj , William IJ.. Philadelphia, Penn. 
Lanhatn. Sam’l W. T., Weatherford, Tex. 
Lawler, Frank, Chicago, I1L 
Lehlbaoh , Herman , Newark, N, J. 
Libbey, Harry, Norfolk, Va. 
Lovering. Henry B., Lynn, Mass. 
Mahoney, Peter B.. Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Martin, Johu M., Tuscaloosa, Ala. 
Maybury, William C„ Detroit. Mich. 
McAdoo, William. Jersey City. N. J. 
McMillin, Benton, Carthage. Tenn. 
McRae, Thomas C., Prescott, .Ark. 
Merriman, Trumau A., New York City. 
Miller, James F.. Gonzales, Tex. 
MUls, Roger Q.. Coreieana. Tex. 
Mitchell, Charles L., New Haven. Conn. 
Morrison, William R., Waterloo. Ill. 
Neal, Johu R., Rhea Springs, Teun. 
Negley, James S., Pittsburg, Penn. 
Norwood. Thomas M.. Savannah, Ga. 
Oates, William C., Abbeville, Ala. 
O'Hara , James E., Enfleld, N. C. 
O'Neill, Charles, Philadelphia. Penn. 
O’Neill, Charles J., St. Louis. Mo. 
Peel. Samuel W.. Bentouville, Ark. 
Perry, Wm. H.. Greenville, S. C. 
Reagan. John H., Palestine. Tex. 
Sayers. Joseph D,, Bastrop, Tex. 
Skinner, Thomas C,, Hertford, N. C. 
Snyder, Charles P.. Charlestown, W. Va. 
Spooner, Henry J., Providence, R. I. 
St. Martin. Louis, New Orleans. La. 
Tarsuey, Timothy E., East Saginaw, Mich. 
Taulbee, W. B., SnilersviDe, kv. 
Taylor, John M., Lexiugton. Tenn. 
Taylor, Zachary, Covington. Ky. 
Throckmorton, J. W.. MelCiuney, Tex. 
Tilinan, George D . Edgefield, S. C. 
Tucker, John Randolph, Lexington, Va. 
Turner, Henry G., Quitman, Ga. 
Van Eaton, Henry S.. Woodville, Miss. 
Fan Schaiek, Isaac IF, Milwaukee, Wis. 
Wadsworth, W'm. IT., Maysville, Ky. 
Wallace. Pennsylvania. 
Ward, James H., Chicago, Ill. 
Warner, William, Kansas City, Mo. 
Wellborn, Oliu. Dallas, Tex. 
Wheeler, Joseph. Wheeler, Ala. 
Willis, Albert S., Louisville, Ky. 
Wilson, William, Charlestown, W. Va. 
Wise. George D., Richmond. Va. 
Woodburn, William, Virginia City, Nev. 
about strawberries. 
-1. B. (no address ).—What varieties of 
strawberries are best for a light loamy soil? 
2. What is the character of the Ontario 
strawberry? 3. In the absence of stable 
manure, what is the best fertilizer for straw¬ 
berries on an exhausted loamy soil? 4. How 
would the Jewell do under matted-row cul¬ 
ture on such land ? 
Ans. 1. Charles Downing, Sharpless, Cum¬ 
berland, Crescent, Iron-clad and Parry. 2. 
Favorable from one season’s fruiting. 
Another season will be required to express 
any positive opinion. 3. We should sow 
broadcast late in the Fall, 800 pounds of raw 
l*ono flour aud 200 pounds of sulphate of 
potash. Iu the Spring as soon as the frost 
leaves the ground, 100 pounds of nitrate of 
soda and 100 pounds of blood. Harrow and 
plant. 4. It would do well uo doubt, but all 
strawberries must have food and plenty of it 
to give profitable crops. 
grains on tassel and cob of corn. 
C. B. P,, Albany, III ,— A contemporary of 
the Rural says; “The grains of corn that 
grow on the end of the stalk with the tassel, 
will produce tie w varieties if planted by them¬ 
selves. It is in this way that many curious 
and sometimes valuable novelties are secured,” 
What does the Rural say of that* 
Ans.— There is nothing whatever in jt. The 
seeds or grains produced on the tassels are 
essentially the same as the kernels produced 
on the cob. It occasionally happens that the 
tassels bear female flowers or those which 
produce silk (or pistils). The sexual influence 
is precisely the same so far as is known. 
Miscellaneous. 
J. S. B. (no address ).—When my two- 
year-old colt was foaled, he had soft bunches 
as large as the “bottom of a teacup,” on the 
inside of his legs just below the knees; they 
are somewhat larger now. What should be 
done for him? 
Ans. —The bunches are evidently congenital. 
Why they should have occurred we cannot 
say: and without knowing the exact location 
and nature of the swellings we cannot pre¬ 
scribe definitely. If, as we suspect, they are 
near the knee, so that they may be connected 
with the joint, it would lie unwise for any 
one not well acquainted with the parts to 
disturb them. Consult a veterinary surgeon 
if possible. 
F. P., Eganville, Ont, Canada .—The in¬ 
closed heads of wheat are the result of the re¬ 
seeding last Fall making it a fall wheat. Is it 
a common occurence; Is it a* new specimen 
of fall wheat? Will it grow if sowed again this 
Fall? 
Ans.— This wheat resembles Lost Nation, a 
spring variety. Abont eight years ago we be¬ 
gan the experiment of changing this (with 
other spring wheats) into winter wheats. For 
two years the Lost Nation passed the Winters 
safely, the third every plant was killed. 
L. D. A., Cortland Co., N. T .—Of the plants 
sent for name: 1. The gooseberry is one of the 
foreign varieties which are numbered by hun¬ 
dreds. We cannot name it. 2. Seems to be a 
poor specimen of Holcus lanatus—Soft or Vel¬ 
vet Grass. Of no value. 3 Trifolium agrar- 
ium—Yellow Hop Clover. Of very little val- 
ue. 4. Pyrethrum Parthenium—Feverfew. 
L. L„ Gallatin. Dak .—The vine is a para¬ 
site, Cuscuta inflexa—Dodder. It germinates 
in the soil, but soon withering at the root, de¬ 
rives its entire nourishment from the plants it 
twines around. 
J. M. S., Penn Tan. N. V.—The plant sent 
for name is Medicago sativa—Alfalfa. A 
very valuable forage plant, particularly for 
the Southern States. 
S. C. S., TFesfoca, Md .—Are not the Netted 
Gem Cantaloupe and the Golden Jenny identi¬ 
cal? 
Ans. —We do not know. 
J. M., Sarnea, Can .—All nurserymen have 
the Japan Snowball, or Plicate-leaved Ve- 
buraum for sale. 
DISCUSSION. 
J. D. O. B. In a late Rural, a correspond¬ 
ent asks whether linseed oil will be of ser¬ 
vice to old wheels that are getting loose. In 
the Spring of 1885 I had two wheels on a 
Spring wagon repaired, new spokes were put 
in aud half a rim in each, and the tires were 
cut. The first time the wagon was used in 
warm weather the spokes heeatne loose in the 
hub. and the tires were loose also. The man 
who had doue the repairs was consulted, and 
claimed that the hubs were rottou and that 
the fault w as not in his work. The wheels had 
to be soaked in water to make a short trip. I 
concluded then that I would try the effect of 
linseed oil. I painted the wheels well with 
the oil, rubbing it well into the hubs. I 
found that the oil swelled out the hubs just as 
the water did, anil that it filled the pores 
well and made the w heel tight. The wagon 
was run regularly through 1885, and has been 
used as a market wagon during ISSfi 
aud the tires have never been loose 
since, and the wheels remain strong, 
Before the application of the oil, the wheels 
were almost ready to fall to pieces, and cut¬ 
ting the tires had failed to remedy the trou¬ 
ble. I tli ink the oil swelled the hubs aud 
theu tilled the pores. This experiment, shows 
the efficacy of oil in old wheels. Boiled oil 
is said to be better, but iu this case unboiled 
oil was used. It is tielieved that many old 
wheels would be made stronger by the appli¬ 
cation of several good coats of oil than by 
having the tires cut. If the tires are cut 
aud not well painted, water swells the wheels, 
crushes the porous cell-work aud the wheels 
are again loosened. If the pores are filled by 
the oil, the wheel is tightened aud the water 
is excluded. 
A. Rice, Mitchellville, N. Y.—This year 
I raised from the seed sent out by the Rural 
110 bushels of beautiful white Surprise Wheat, 
which I now offer for sale at $2 per bushel 
It has proved with me to be a very hardy, 
productive variety, and I have found as it 
Stools so greatly that ous bqsM qf sead is 
sufficient for the acre, 
