close watch upon their feet After the Sum¬ 
mer’s work is over, the shoes should be taken 
off and replaced, and the sole leveled and 
smoothed; but the frog should be left un¬ 
touched. Unless the horses have work on 
stony roads or soil, it will be advisable to 
leave them unshod for a month or two, which 
will be a great help to the new growth of the 
hoof. Turn horses whose feet, are at all ten¬ 
der into a damp pasture, or on to a smooth 
grass Held. Keep a close watch on the smith 
when he is shoeing your horses. The horses 
are the owner’s and not the smith’s, and the 
smith for the time being is the owner’s servant, 
and subject to his orders. Farmers should 
study the horse’s foot and know all about it, 
and then compel the smith to shoe their ani¬ 
mals according to directions. 
Because the hard work of the Summer is 
over, it is not therefore right to cut off the 
horse’s feed. This is poor economy. There 
will be hai'd work yet to be done, and the 
Winter with its rigors will soon be at hand. 
Full feeding should, therefore, be continued. 
Galls of harness or collar that are found 
slow to heal, may be washed with warm wa¬ 
ter and soap, and then touched with a solu¬ 
tion of sulphate of copper iu water. A most 
excellent ointment, for galls and wounds iu 
horses is made as follows: Four ounces of 
clean lard, oue ounce of Venice turpentine, 
one ounce of spirits of turpentine, one- 
half ounce of acetate of copper; melt aud 
mix aud stir until cold. Apply after washing 
and drying the part. 
Give the horses half a peck of ripe apples 
every day; they will do them more good than 
a bucketful of medicine. 
Brood mares that arc in foal should get a 
feed of bran mash at least twice a week; it 
will be helpful to the foal, and the foalistobe 
considered as well as the mare. Gentleness 
with the mures while carrying the foal makes 
good-tempered colts. 
Young colts should now get regular ra¬ 
tions of oats. The fust year of the colt’s life 
makes or mars it. A quart at a meal twice a 
day is enough for the present, hut os the colt 
grows, the ration should be increased to 
double this quantity by the end of the year. 
The colts should now be put in truiniug for 
future usefuluess. The first lesson is to use 
him—not break—never break a colt but train 
him—to a halter, uud have a stroug one so 
that he cannot break it and learn a bad habit. 
The next lesson is to accustom him to be cur¬ 
ried aud brushed, as the first, coat is being shed; 
this should be done now when it will be agree¬ 
able to the young animal. 
CATTLE. 
Fattening beeves should now be pushed 
ahead. Pasture is deficient iu nutriment, and 
should be marie up by giving meal The more 
finely the meal is ground, the better it is di¬ 
gested. A mixture of two bushels of corn, 
one bushel of rye aud oue bushel of new pro¬ 
cess linseed meal makes the best of fattening 
food for cattle. 
Keep feeding cattle well carded aud brushed, 
aud see that the feet do not stand in filth. 
Sawdust or leaves make the best litter for 
keeping these cattle clean, and where straw is 
used it will pay to cut it. fine iu u fodder cut¬ 
ter to absorb the manure as well as for the 
sake of cleanliness. Salt is a true digestive 
agent and should be given regularly to fatten¬ 
ing cattle. 
Where a bull is kept for breeding purposes, 
be should be made to earn his keep by work. 
It is all the better for his usefulness, make 
him docile, takes the mischief out of him and 
keeps him healthy. Get a one-horse tread 
power and a fodder-cutter and a mill uud 
make the bull do nil the work of this kind. 
Cows should be kept up to their milk by 
generous feeding. There is no profit in keep¬ 
ing any animal idle. An excellent, ration for 
cows at this time of the year is two quarts, 
morning and night, of a mixture of the finest 
corn meal and bran in equal parts. This 
should be given to all cows that are necessa¬ 
rily kept on poor pasture, aud a handful of 
salt should be given with it. 
The present keenly felt necessity for an ex¬ 
tra supply of fodder or a late pasture, should 
lead to efforts to supply the need another year. 
Cows should be on full feeding fill the time, 
or they are losing money for their owners,aud 
botweeu grass and hay is usually a hard time 
for them. 
The tall, course weeds which grow in the 
pastures at this season should lx* cut out; they 
are perennials and the easiest way is to sever 
the roots by a push with a heavy chisel fitted 
to the end of u light pole like a fork-handle. 
To prevent the prevalent diseases of calves 
aud young cattle give them some coueeutrat- 
ed nutritious food. Linseed or cotton-seed 
meal furnishes an effective antidote to that 
common disorder black leg (or anthrax fever), 
which carries off the best calves and year¬ 
lings iu the Fall. 
Pure water is indispensable for the health 
of all the farm animals, and at this season it 
is often scarce or wanting. Ponds and slow 
swamp streams are now full of decaying or¬ 
ganic matter and are not fit for animals to 
drink from. Foul water of this kind may be 
purified by throwing into it a few shovelfuls 
of clay or clayey soil. Muddy water is far 
preferable to stagnant, putried water full of 
rotten vegetable matter. 
Prepare the sheds and stables for winter oc¬ 
cupation, and make everything close and 
tight. Put the windows in good order, but do 
not neglect sufficient means for ample venti¬ 
lation. Pure air, if cold, warms the animal 
by furnishing oxygen, while warm, impure 
air chills it by affording too little of this 
warmth-giving animal fueL 
Nothing else will so help the flowing milk of 
the cows just now as a pailful of ripe apples 
chopped into slices and sprinkled with the 
meal. It pays as well to grow apples for the 
stock—if not better—as to grow roots in the 
field. 
SHEEP. 
Sort out the poor sheep. An old ewe will 
not pay to winter over and have her die in the 
Spring. The most profitable flock is that in 
which there are no wethers over two years 
old, and no ewes more than six. A good ewe 
that rears a good lamb every year will pay to 
keep as long as she will live, but this is an ex¬ 
ception to the rule which should guide the 
shepherd, 
If you have a few dollars to spare, buy a 
small flock of sheep with them, aud make them 
a pen aud a yard aud procure a good thorough¬ 
bred ram two years’ old to ran with the ewes. 
Keep an account of the cost, aud if everything 
goes right the money will lie doubled by next 
Summer. 
Cull sheep should be put up and fattened at 
once for slaughter or market. If the teeth are 
bad, feed line meal with the best clover hay, 
and give the sheep a run in the day on a good 
meadow. Sheep do not hurt a meadow as cat¬ 
tle do. On the contrary,they leave behind them 
as much as they take and more if they get 
some meal aud brau ever)- day. Count the 
flock-every time you see them; you may save 
a sheep by it. Give salt regularly once a week 
at least. The best plan is to keep a lump of 
rock salt in a field or yard and put a small 
roof over it to save it from washing. When 
sheep have a discharge from their noses, rub 
some piue tar on their lips that they may lick 
it off. It is the best antiseptic and tonic for 
them. Never give sulphur to sheep, although 
they need a supply for the nourishment of 
their wool aud the yolk, which is necessary 
to keep the wool iu good condition, yet it is 
better given iu the form of food or some sul¬ 
phate. Cabbage, turnips, rape and mustard 
supply sulphur, aud a little sulphate of soda 
mixed with the salt will furnish the needed 
supply in the safest manner. Regularity in 
the management of sheep is most necessary to 
success. Reserve a few fat wethers and lambs 
for the domestic supply. 
SWINE. 
A dry bed is one of the secrets of success iu 
the management of pigs r cleauliuess is another. 
Avoid overfeeding store pigs. Crowd the fat¬ 
tening hogs; full feeding now fills them up 
and the llual finish will take less food. After 
much labor and worry of mind, it has been 
concluded that pigs do best on dry, whole 
corn; and that it does not pay to grind their 
food, and much less to cook it. Some roots or 
vegetables are au excellent help in the feeding 
of pigs. One cabbage given twice a day will 
be found very acceptable aud useful. 
If young pigs are desired in March, the sows 
should be served in this mouth. This is an 
excellent time as a second litter may then be 
had in August. As a sow will rear two broods 
in a year as well as oue, and her greatest 
valuo is for breeding, this period should not be 
permitted to pass by. All pigs should have 
exercise, even those that are fattening should 
not be kept shut up in a close pen. A roomy 
cleau yard in which they can root as much as 
they feel inclined to should be provided. 
Manure yards and cellars are not healthful 
places for them. Young store pigs need 
clover hay when the pasture is used up, aud if 
it is cut for them and mixed with the meal it 
will be eaten without waste. 
POULTRY. 
Provide a warm place for the young pullets, 
and the late brooding boas which will soon be 
in laying condition. Feed them well; wheat 
and bran mash with some rape seed are ex¬ 
cellent food for them. Keep down vermin by 
the liberal use of crude petroleum; a barrel of 
it iu the poultry house, used to [mint the 
walls, nests and roosts, will keep all sorts of 
vermin at a distance. To encourage egg pro¬ 
duction, the following food will be found 
effective; potatoes baked and given hot from 
the oven—keep the smallest ones for this use— 
corn lightly parched and given warm; mush 
of ground oats aud brau; put a little salt 
aud some ground black pepper in this— 
chopped cabbage; and fresh bones broken 
small; no broken crockery or oyster shells 
will be needed, but a supply of fine gravel 
should be laid iu for later use. Find a warm 
place somewhere for the late broods. They 
will make good spring chickens. 
- » 4 < 
SORGHUM CANE FOR COWS. 
For the past three or fom* years I have fed 
sorghum cane to milch cows. The cane was 
run through a cutter, and sprinkled with bran 
and cotton seed meal. I am satisfied that I 
got more and richer milk by its use: in fact, 
the more sorghum I feed the less mill feed I 
use, and I still keep up the yield of milk. I 
keep grade Jerseys, aud sell butter iu the Mo¬ 
bile market. c. c. warren. 
Mobile Co., Ala. 
&)C Poultry jDartb 
GAME FOWLS. 
I think the real merits of Game fowls are 
generally over-looked. Most people seem to 
think that Games are fighters and nothing 
more. Many farmers place the Game rooster 
among poultry about as they place prize¬ 
fighters among human beings. If they could 
study the breed a little closer their opinion as 
to its merits would improve. My best hen for 
an egg market is a cross between a Game 
rooster and a white Leghorn hen. The laying 
qualities of the fowl thus produced are not 
impaired, and the eggs are richer and more 
salable in a fancy market. It has been gen¬ 
erally acknowledged that eggs from the 
Games are the finest known. Foreatiug quali¬ 
ties nothing beats a cross of the Game rooster 
ora Brahma hen. There are plenty of poultry 
yards where a Game rooster could be used to 
great advantage. S. h. r. 
Orange Co., N. Y. 
HIGH-PRICED EGGS. 
Speaking of dissatisfaction with high- 
priced eggs, I want to know what luck others 
have had. I bought some Wyandotte eggs 
aud hatched five. Three of them are no more 
Wyandotte thau I am. I have had bad luck 
before. My opinion is that it does not pay to 
buy eggs. I think it far cheaper in the end 
to buy good birds. You know then just what 
you are getting. I have heard one good 
breeder say that he had a great mind to stop 
selling eggs and confine his sales entix-ely to 
chickens. He has to make so many clutches 
good, and there is so much dissatisfaction 
that egg selling doesn’t pay. I would like to 
encourage the buying of chickens. I think 
such a practice would give far greater 
satisfaction. a. l. w. 
Queens Co., N. Y. 
hens in the stubble. 
My hens make money for me out of the 
wheat stubble. No machine can be made to 
cut so carefully that all grain will be saved. 
The hens find this waste grain far easier thau 
a man cau. It will pay to get enough wire 
fencing to make a portable coop and move it 
about from one place to another. In this way 
the whole field cau be fed over. The hens 
will pick up their own living, and the manure 
will far moi'6 than pay for the trouble. 
Ionia Co., Mich. h. c. j. 
Secretary Gold’s remai'ks under "What 
Others Sa v" in the last issue of the Rural New- 
Yorker with regard Co the ownership of 
fruit on trees some of the branches of which 
overhang a ueighlior’s laud, are good not only 
in morals but also in law. Even when the 
roots extend into the neighbor’s laud and draw 
nourishment therefrom, the tree is the prop¬ 
erty of the person on whose land the tnrnk 
stands, and he is entitled to the whole of the 
fruit, and if he is forcibly prevented from 
ix'aehing over and picking the fruit by his 
neighbor, he has valid grounds for au action for 
assault and battery. Cases of this kiud have 
beeu won in New York as well as in Connecti¬ 
cut. Iu the New V ork case (Hoffman vs. Arm¬ 
strong) a lady stood on the divisiou fence and 
tried to pick the fruit from the branches over¬ 
hanging a neighbor's land; the latter forbade 
her, aud when she persisted tried to prevent 
her, aud iu doing so did her pex-sonal injury 
for which she recovered $ 1,000. If the fruit 
falls into the neighbor's laud, it does not be¬ 
come the property of the latter, but there is 
doubt as to whether the owner has a right to 
go on the land to ret over it, as decisions on 
this point vary in different States. If done 
quietly without causing any damage, the 
courts would most likely sanction it. The ad¬ 
jacent owner, however, has a right to cut off 
the branches or roots of trees up to the line of 
of his land, but even then it he uses them, he 
must pay the owner whatever they may be 
worth. Where the tree stands on the bound¬ 
ary line, both pai'ties own the tree aud fruit 
iu common, and neither cau cut it without the 
consent of the other or remove the part on 
his land if thereby the tree is injured. In this 
connection, it may be remarked that every 
land owner has a right to plant as many trees 
as he may desire on his own land although 
they may make the house of a neighbor, near 
the boundary line, dark, damp or xinhealthful. 
A landowner is responsible for damage caused 
by a poisonous tree extending over a neigh- 
boi'’s land, should cattle be poisoned by eating 
it, but if cattle trespass on his land by break¬ 
ing through a fence, and get at such a tree, he 
is not answerable. 
Here are two recent decisions of the Courts 
which are of interest to farmers: 
Exemption from Taxation.— A society 
which educates men in the diseases of the 
domestic animals, and the proper mode of 
dealing with them, and which inculcates the 
duty of hximanity to them, is a benevolent 
and charitable institution within the meaning 
of a statute exempting such institutions from 
taxation, according to the decision of the Su¬ 
preme Judicial Court of Massachusetts in the 
case of The Massachusetts Society for the Pre¬ 
vention of Cruelty to Animals vs. the City of 
Boston. 
Discrimination in Rates.— A common car- 
rier. such as a railroad, may make discrimina¬ 
tions in rates based upon the quantities of 
goods sent by different shippers, but he cannot 
charge a higher rate to shippers who refuse to 
patronize him exclusively, according to the 
decision of the United States Circuit Court 
for the Southern District of New York, in the 
case of Menacho rs. Ward. The State laws 
differ on some points iu various States; but a 
decision of the LTnited States Courts is of 
wider authority, and, if confirmed by the U. 
S. Supreme Court, is applicable everywhere. 
CATALOGUES, ETC., RECEIVED. 
How to Fatten Fowls Artificially. 
Pamphlet from Brockuer & Evans, 28 Vesey 
St., New York.—This firm manufactures the 
celebrated Gavuse-Martiu Stuffing Machine, 
and this pamphlet is devoted to a description 
of the machine and the rations employed in 
pi'oducrag the remarkable feeding results 
which French poultrymen have obtained. 
Franch poultry is famous. The birds that so 
delight the epicures of Paris are fattened by 
this system. The birds are stuffed; that is, 
semi-liquid food is forced down their throats 
and they are left to digest it as best they can. 
The birds are confined in revolving coops; a 
tub© is placed in a bird’s mouth, when by 
touching a spring a quantity of food Is pushed 
down the throat. The food consists of barley 
and buckwheat mixed with water and milk. 
The process is interesting and in France, at 
least, very profitable. Those who desire to 
know more about, it should send for the pam¬ 
phlet, which will tie mailed for 10 cents. 
Missouri Grain Drill. Pamphlet from 
the Genesee Valley M’f’g Co., Mt. Morris, 
N. Y.—This drill is praised as the lightest, 
cheapest and best in America. It has been 
well tested iu sowing all kinds of grains and 
fertilizers. The feeders ax’e inclosed in iron 
cups beneath, the box. The quantity sown is 
regulated by the speed of the feeders. It can 
be varied from three pecks of wheat to three 
bushels of cats. The fertilizer attachment 
works admirably. Many excellent testimo¬ 
nials are given. Besides this grain drill, the 
compauy makes an excellent land roller, the 
“Little Tiger” fanuing mill, Fargo’s patent 
harrow tooth, and a water wheel. 
Osgood’s Scales. —Catalogue from Osgood 
& Co., Binghamton, N. Y.—Those of our 
readers who want to read an essay on scales, 
that will fully explain their making and work¬ 
ing, should scud for this catalogue. It is well 
written, and makes the whole thing cleai - . It 
pays to have reliable scales on the farm, 
Many farmers have saved the cost of a pair in 
two seasons by weighing their stock and wool 
at home before it was taken to mai'ket. When 
merchants and ageuts know that, thei-e are 
scales at the farm they are pretty apt to give 
square weight. There are hundreds of ways 
iu which the scales can lx made useful. Those 
who think of supplying themselves will do well 
to examine Osgood’s catalogue. There are 
thousands of these scales iu use, aud from the 
numbei'less testimonials received it is evident 
that they have given great satisfaction. If, 
of ter studying this pamphlet, the reader does 
not understand the mechanism of scales, it is 
his own fault. 
Racine Windmill. Pamphlet from the 
Wiuship M’fg Co., Racine, Wis.— A concise 
and readable pamphlet, in which the merits of 
