THE RURAL WEW-YORKER. 
ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. 
[Every query must bo accompanied by the name 
and address of the writer to Insure attention. Before 
asking a question, please see if it Is not answered In 
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KEROSENE EMULSION. 
F. H. B., Orlando, Fla. —How should Paris- 
green and London-purple be used as an insec¬ 
ticide in orauge groves? 
AN9.—Paris green and London-purple are 
of little use in the orange grove. The scale 
insects, which are the greatest enemies to the 
orange, will not be affected in the least by 
either of these arsenical mixtures, but are 
effectually destroyed by the kerosene emul¬ 
sions. The formula for kerosene and soap 
emulsion found most effective by the orauge 
growers and truck-men of Florida, and 
which Professor Riley strongly recommends, 
is as follows: 
Kerosene.2 gallons-^* per eent. 
Common soap or whale-oil soap k> pound / 
Water,...I gallon 
Heat the solution of soap and add it boiling- 
hot to the kerosene. Churn the mixture by 
by means of a force pump and spray-nozzle 
for five or ten minutes. The emulsion, if per¬ 
fect, forms a cream, which thickens* on cool¬ 
ing. and should adhere without oiliness to the 
surface of glass. Dilute, before using, one 
part of the emulsion with nine parts of cold 
water. The above formula gives three gal¬ 
lons of emulsion, and makes, when diluted, 30 
gallons of wash. The kerosene and soap mix¬ 
ture, especially when the latter is wanned, 
forms, upon very moderate agitation, an ap¬ 
parent union; but the mixture is not stable, 
and separates on standing or when cooled or 
diluted by the addition of water. A proper 
emulsion of kerosene is obtained only upon 
violent agitation. It is formed, not gradu¬ 
ally, but suddenly: in short, to use a familiar 
phrase, “it 0011168 ,” like butter. The time re¬ 
quired in churning depends somewhat upon 
the violence of the agitation, hut still more 
upon the temperature, which, however, need 
not be much above blood heat. When ob¬ 
tained, an emulsion of kerosene and soap is 
known by the perfect union of the ingredi¬ 
ents, and the absence of oiliness, so that the 
liquid clings to the surface of glass or metal. 
It resembles a rich cream, more or less thick¬ 
ened according to the proportion of soap used 
in the mixture. 
TREATMENT OF KICKING HORSE: CURE OF 
warts; feed for FATTENING horses. 
F. //. V., Bowman's Bluff. X. O'— 1. What 
will stop a mare from kicking with both feet 
in a wagon? 2. What will cure warts? 3. 
What kind of food would be good for fatten¬ 
ing n more about 12 years old and very thin? 
answered by f. l. kilborn. 
1. Much depends upon the disposition of the 
animal, the cause of the habit, and her pre¬ 
vious management. A few horses may be 
effectually broken of the habit by the judi¬ 
cious use of the whip; but in many cases this 
only makes matters worse. A simple method, 
usually effective, is to buckle a strap with a 
ring around the near fore fetlock. Into the 
ring fasten a half-inch rope or strong driving 
rein, pass back through a ring in the belly- 
band (or above the belly-band) to the wagon. 
Whenever the horse attempts to kick pull on 
the .rope or strap, which will bring the fore 
foot up to the elbow. The horse is now on 
three legs and cannot well kick. Repeat until 
the horse gives up the habit. If the horse 
kieks while being harnessed, hitched, or im¬ 
mediately after being hitched, loop a short 
side strap around one fore fetlock, raise the 
foot to the elbow and buckle the strap tightly 
around the forearm. This will compel the 
horse to stand on three legs, when he can lie 
safely handled. A course of training adapted 
to subdue the animal might also be desirable. 
2. If the warts have a neck, cut close to the 
skin with a pair of sharp scissors and cauterize 
the cut surface with any dry caustic, (nitrate 
of silver, sulphate of copper, etc.) Broad, flat 
warts that cannot bo out off, may be eaten 
away by caustic. If hard and dry, use muriatic 
acid, applying the acid with a blunt-pointed 
wooden pencil bruised at the end. Care must 
be taken not to get the acid 011 the adjacent 
skin. Scrape the wart as fast as eaten by the 
acid, and continue until the wart is entirely 
eaten out. For warts that are crooked or son- 
use the copper sulphate or other dry caustic. 
3. Cut hay and ground feed mixed and mois¬ 
tened, but not wet. For the grouud food mix 
equal parts by measure of ground oats, corn 
meal and wheat bran or middlings,’and one- 
fourth part of oil-meal. Feed three to five 
quarts of this mixed feed and three to five 
pounds cut timothy hay thrice daily, accord¬ 
ing to the size and needs of the animaL 
Roots or potatoes night an 1 morning would 
be excellent. The horse should receive daily 
exercise, or light driving or the run of a yard; 
occupy a clean, dry stable, and be groomed 
daily. Give twice daily in the fer , one ounce 
each powdered gentiau and gin r, and two 
drams sulphate of iron. On alternate weeks 
replace the iron by two drams powdered 
cinchona bark. If the bowels become costive, 
add two drains aloes until relieved. 
SMUT AS CATTLE POISON.—NASAL GLEET IN 
A HORSE. 
D. S., Augusta ,, Ka.ns. —1. Will smut on 
corn kill cattle? 2. What will cure chronic 
nasal gleet in a horse? 
Ans.—1. Yes, occasionally when fed in large 
quantities. If fed in moderate quantity with 
other suitable food, there isbut little danger. It 
is especially injurious where there is a scarcity 
of water. The evil effects of feeding smut, 
however, are usually not os marked as those 
from the feeding of ergotized grains or grasses. 
Abortion may also be produced from the ex- 
ossivfe feeding of smut. o avoid the evil 
effects, feed the fodder well moistened, and 
allow free access to salt and good water. A 
liberal daily allowance of roots, potatoes, or 
oil meal will be beneficial in keeping the 
bowels open. Iu the absence of these, hran 
slops or mashes once daily will he beneficial, 
Whenever the bowels become costive, as they 
are liable to do, give two or three ounces o 
Epsom salts, or an ounce each of gentian 
and ginger twice daily until relieved. 2. In¬ 
ject the following solution into the nose once 
or twice daily with an enema syringe, or, pre¬ 
ferably, a nasal funnel: Sulphate of copper 
or ziuc. 30 to 40 grains, glycerine an ounce, 
water one quart. The method of injection is 
unimportant,'but it is essential that the solu¬ 
tion reach all parts of the nasal membrane. 
Wlieu injected, the solution should be about 
blood-warm. If this wash does not check the 
discharge iu a few days, you may usually con¬ 
clude that you are dealing, not with simple 
nasal gleet, but with a discharge from some of 
the mucous cavities connected with the nose— 
sinuses of head, guHerat pouches—or with 
some other disease—abcess from carious teeth, 
nasal polypus, or with n case of glanders— 
either of which should receive the attention 
of a veterinary surgeon. 
HAIR WORMS. 
O. P., Trenton , N. J. —What are the name 
and history of the worms specimens of w hich 
are inclosed? 
ANSW'ERED BY PROF. A. ,T. COOK. 
The worms are Gordii, or Hair Worms, It 
is said that w hen a horse’s hail- falls into the 
water, presto! there comes forth a living 
worm. Yerilv the day of miracles has not yet 
passed. To be sure this is flesh-colored, and 
not black: but an? the tails of all horses of the 
same hue? Seriously, these hair worms, or 
Gordii, are in nowise related to the horse; 
but their life history adorns another tale 
quite us startling. They deposit strings of 
eggs into the water. These eggs hatch, and the 
young 'pass into the stomach of some dipter¬ 
ous maggot, as the larval mosquito : when part¬ 
ly developed they pass with their host into the 
alimentary canal of some hungry fish; here 
they develop further, and are finally ejected, 
to Im? again lapped up by some luckless crick¬ 
et. beetle, etc. Here the hair w orms mature, 
and often fairly crowd the whole interior of 
the insect, which may now be said to be strug¬ 
gling with the “worms.” Now let the fpver- 
ish cricket but hop iuto a pool, water pail, 
rain trough or any other water, and at once 
the gay worms crowd forth, ready agaiu to 
scatter their eggs iu preparation for the same 
marvelous round of vital changes. No .won¬ 
der the non-scientific thought them changed 
horsehairs, for how strong the resemhlaricc, 
unless we call the microscope to our aid. Then 
we find they have mouths, stomachs, indeed 
complete alimentary canals, and are both 
male and female. No wonder the scientist 
called them Gordii, for the old Gordian knot 
was not more intricate than the knots into 
which they tie themselves, and yet each one is 
the Alexander to untie itself. 
WORMS IN A MARE. 
H. B-, Belle Blaine , la .—Everything my 
young mare eats seems to ferment and cause 
bloat, which is attended with hard coughing 
until the wind escapes from the stomach. 
She is also troubled with worms of the large 
kiml. Her appetite, is good and she is other¬ 
wise healthy. What should be done for her? 
Ans. For the worms give at evening four 
or live drums of Barbu docs aloes to open the 
bowels. Then, each morning for a week, give 
t wo drains each of tartar emetic, sulphate of 
iron and aloes, uud one dram of carbolic acid. 
If the bowels become too loose, omit the aloes. 
On the seventh morning give another dose of 
aloes; also slowly inject, per rectum, several 
quarts of a strong solution of quassia, the 
solution to be milk-warm when injected. 
Feed sparingly and allow only moderate exer¬ 
cise during this treatment After the above, 
feed moderately on a laxative, nutritious diet, 
and give morning and evening in the feed 
one-half ounce each of sodium carbonate, geu- 
tian and ginger. At the noon feed add one 
ounce gentian and one dram hydrochloric acid. 
Thorough daily grooming will add greatly 
to the improvement. If the cough continues, 
take six drams of extract belladonna, two 
ounces of niter, and mix with sirup to form a 
thick paste. Make into six balls and rub one 
upon the back teeth, to lie swallowed at leis¬ 
ure, three or four times daily. 
KEEPING FLOWERS OVER WINTER. 
D. X. D., Lake Grove, L. I .—Having n 
place to keep flowering plants through Win¬ 
ter, I thought of diggiug a pit below frost, 
putting iu it a bottomless box, and setting the 
plants in it in earth or pots, covering the box 
with slats, ou which hay or straw would be 
placed, aud then earth. Would this method 
of keeping them be safe? If not, what would 
be a better way? 
Ans. —We very much doubt whether plants 
would live under the treatment suggested. 
They might, but it is extremely uncertain. 
We are not informed what varieties of plants 
our correspondent wishes to keep. Cannas 
and dahlias, or auy tuberous roots should be 
dug up aud stored like potatoes. Geraniums, 
coleus, and such bedding plants, may be cut 
down to the main stems, potted, and put in a 
light room, kept a bn -e freezing, without 
reference to absence of inshiue. They would 
not make much growth without sun, but 
would keep alive. We would not advise ex¬ 
perimenting with the pit, unless it is imma¬ 
terial whether the plants survive or not. 
HAtP. FALLING OFF A HORSE. 
B. lb. M., Fredonia, N. Y. —Last Spring the 
hair began to fall off my mare's head in 
places; then it fell off the neck also; and small 
lumps came under the skin as far bock as the 
shoulders: now a hare spot is beginning to 
grow on the hips. The bare places itch, aud 
the animal rubs them and teal’s the skin off. 
aid the places immediately scab over; when 
rubbed, stuff like dandruff from a person’s 
head comes off. She eats and appeal’s quite 
well. Wh t ails her? 
Ans.—T he horse evidently lacks proper 
care. The bald places may be due to this 
want of care, or to parasites. See that the 
horse receives a thorough daily grooming of 
at least 40 minutes—an hour would be better 
—until the skin has been cleaned. Every two 
weeks wash the animal with warm water, to 
which add one teaspoouf ul of ammonia to each 
quart of water. Work rapidly, rub dry. and 
blanket for a few hours to make sure that the 
horse does not lieeome chilled. The bald 
places will probably all disappear in a few 
weeks. If not, paint with tincture of iodine. 
Give the horse twice daily in his feed, one-half 
ounce each of powdered gentian, ginger and 
sodium bicarbonate. 
SPRAINED BACK IN MULE. 
G. B. K., Mobile, Ala .—A mule’s spinal 
membrane has come ajiart a little just over the 
hips. Back of the loins he can't turn short 
around, and sometimes when he strikes hard 
ground with one of his hind legs, he draws it 
up aud hobbles ou three legs for a few min¬ 
utes, aud when he walks on it agaiu he does so 
stiffly, with the leg turned outward. 
Ans. —The mule ought to receive the per¬ 
sonal attention of a competent veterinary sur¬ 
geon, otherwise place and keep him in slings 
and apply a eantharides blister over the seat of 
the injury. Cut the hail’ close aud rub the 
blister well against the direction of the hair. 
Tie the animal so that he can’t rub the blistered 
surface with his mouth. When the blister is 
well raised (13 to 24 hours) .carefully wash with 
Castile soapsuds, and anomt daily until healed, 
with vaseline. The case is apparently a severe 
sprain or perhaps fracture, and unless the male 
is quite valuable it might be more profitable iu 
the end to kill him at once, as a recovery is un¬ 
certain. 
LAME PIG. 
J. A. M., Halcottsville, X. Y .—My five- 
months-old pig about six weeks ago began to 
get stiff iu the fore-legs; now he can hardly 
walk. When moving he does so like a badly 
foundered horse, lie doesn’t stand on his feet 
at all, but he sometimes gets on his knees for a 
few moments. He cats very little. The cords 
on t he backs of his legs seem contracted. What 
should be done for him? 
Ans. —The stiffness may be due to the feed 
(which you should have stated), injury or ex¬ 
posure, or to constitutional weakness. Give 
one ounce linseed oil. and rejs'at next day if 
the bowels are not moved. Fceil on milk, with 
middlings, aud grouud barley or oats, but lit¬ 
tle or no corn. Bathe the limbs dally with one 
ounce each Castile soap and camphor in a pint 
of spirits. Give a comfortable bed on a dry 
ground or board floor. 
Miscellaneous. 
J. S., Kerbyville, Oregon. — 1 . Will itpayto 
plant pear trees for hog feed? 2. From whom 
can I obtain Coburn’s Swine Husbandry? 2. 
Where can crude petroleum be obtained? 4. 
From whom can Japan Chestnuts be obtained 
by the 1,000? 
Axs.—1. We should say not. 2. American 
News Co., N. Y. 3. Paint or grocery stores. 
4. Stores, Harrison & Co., of Painesville, O. 
S., Brattleboro. Vt. —What is the tree a 
specimen of which is inclosed? 
Ans. —It is Magnolia acuminata or Cucum¬ 
ber Magnolia. It is upon this that many of 
the more tender kinds are grafted. It forms 
a charming tree for the lawn if cut back some¬ 
what from year lo year for the first 10 years 
of its life. 
E. A. P., Kirkville , la .—How can I pre¬ 
serve the seeds of the hedge thorn? 
Ans.—A s good a way as any is to mix them 
in sand in a box. Bury the box a few inches 
below the surface in a well-drained soil, and 
sow in the Spring. 
B. B. L.. Green Lawn. N. Y. —You can 
probably get Velvet Chaff Wheat from W. C. 
Latta, Perdue University, Lafayette, Ind. 
ubscriber (no address). —The large green 
insect left at this office in a box is the larva of 
one of our largest silk moths—Platysamia Ce- 
cropia. It feeds on apple and many other 
trees, the leaves of which are often stripped 
by the large caterpillars. These larva? devel¬ 
op into moths, which lay many eggs, and the 
wonder is that there are so few of the cater¬ 
pillars. .This is due to the numerous parasites 
which destroy the insects in prodigious num¬ 
bers. The larva left here was infested with 
these parasites, and so would never have de¬ 
veloped into the beautiful moth. 
DISCUSSION. 
C. J,. Oregon. Mo. —C. L. N., on page 622, 
replies to one who said farming does not pay. 
I say it does not pay west, of the Mississippi 
and south of the Ohio, l, where produce 
must be carried long distances. Here we re¬ 
side within from 100 to TOO miles of the best 
fruit markets in the world; but does it pay to 
raise fruit to ship? No! Just as many 
charges are put upon it as it will bear. Con¬ 
sumption is so restricted by the high prices 
due to this that the markets are quickly over¬ 
stocked. It costs the price of a bushel to 
move it 500 miles. About one year or two in 
nine prices get up a little, and then freights 
rise, too. About half the farmers of the 
United States, aud those dependent upon 
them, are thus forced to economize to such an 
extent that Eastern manufacturers can’t sell 
all the wares they make. Here is the 
secret of the whole trouble. We are restricted 
consumers of manufactured goods during 
seven years out of nine. 
J. S. T., Walcott. N. Y.—I set out 48 
Shaffer’s Raspberries one year ago last Spring, 
aud this season picked 103 heaping quarts. 
Was this a large yield for the first year’s pick¬ 
ing? 
R. N.-Y.—Yes. The above was a large 
yield for the first season for auy raspberry. 
Shaffer is a productive variety and the qual¬ 
ity is rich when fully ripe. Those who use it 
once look around for more when again in 
market. It shades the soil so as to prevent 
weeds and grass from making much headway. 
G, E. B., Waynesville, N. C.—I mail the 
Rural a few chestnuts from a tree or bush on 
a neighbor’s farm. It is not quite 10 feet high 
and has been bearing several years. It is very 
productive and seems to be a genuine dwarf. 
There are no foreign trees in this region, so 
that it is a native. It is growing in an old 
field that has not been cultivated for several 
years. The nuts are smaller this year than 
usual. Our altitude gives us the climate of 
Southern Pennsylvania. 
R. N. Y.—The nuts are rather small, hut 
very sweet. It is high time that more atten¬ 
tion were given to improving our native chest¬ 
nut. 
Communications Receive!! kor the Week Ending 
October 2,1SSS. 
H. G.-J. U. K.-F. F. G.-J.S. B. F. V. -A. G.-C. D. 
n. R. R. P. -J. C. V.-F. C. .1. V. 11. T. .1. R.—s. s. c. 
.1. B. S.- B. M. B.-K. F. F. E U.-K. Z. M -C A. G.- 
E. T L. B. B. P. M.-H. C.-J. B. J„ iliauks-O. W. S.— 
1*. S.-W A. D. -M. D. T.. thanks K. M. W. -J F. E. 
W.W.O.-.V. C.C.—’•R’ul«er."--H- H. H.W.-L.S. 
K.—J.F.B. MrsG. A.R-T.L. B.—A U A. O.-J. R. K.-J. 
H B. F V.- 1 ; P K.-G v. . S J. A. H B 1’. Mu—K. 
F. -B. M. B.-F. C.-J. W. K -J. F. II.—J. 15. M.-A. D. 
w. ua. B..-J.B. a. p. a u. o.-w. u. m.—c. f. 
H. -C. E. B.—J, T.-J. H .-11, W O.-E. P -H. G.— 
T. P. B—G. H. as,—A P.R. A. L. G. W. B.-C. R. 
W. 1\ J. B. S. E. B.-W. 11. M . thanks—S S. C.-Th. 
Huber, thanks U. G. K. \V. Me H —O. H. G.-J. A. 
Me F..-B. B.-J. D. L - \ S, W.-S, T. S.-p. E. S.-C. 
I. -G. W. A.-J. E. C -J. P.-K- B. C. 
gUl.SfeUiUtcottisi 
DIXON'S “Carburet of Iron" Stove Polish was 
established in IS'??, and is to-day, ns it was then, the 
aeateet and brightest I 11 the market; a pure plumbago, 
giving off no poisonous vapors. The size is how doub¬ 
led aud cake weighs nearly half a pound, but the quali¬ 
ty aud price remain the same. Ask your gooeer for 
Dixon’s big cake. 
