4886 
THE rtURAL HEWYORKER. 
677 
selves to the hardy nuts. The English wal¬ 
nut succeeds in many of our Northern States. 
Patrick Barry mentions a regular and heavy 
yield from it in the suburbs of Rochester, N. 
Y. I have seen large bearing trees in New 
Jersey and Pennsylvania, and I see no reason 
why they should not prove a highly remuner¬ 
ative crop. Filbert culture has been tried 
with highly satisfactory results in some in¬ 
stances. Still I advise caution with this on 
account of its liability to fungus attacks in 
warm, dry climates. The black-walnut, 
pecan and chestnuts may be grown for fruit 
and timber. Pecan culture cannot help being 
profitable at the present price of this fruit in 
the markets, and the owners of regular chest¬ 
nut orchards find them more profitable than 
apple orchards, especially the Spanish chest¬ 
nut. Such is the experience of Wm. Parry 
and Joel Horner, of New Jersey, Samuel C. 
Moon, of Pennsylvania, and others. Of all 
native or foreign nut trees none now promises 
greater results than the Japanese chestnut. I 
have four-year-old trees covered with w’ell- 
fllled burrs.” 
surprised to hear of the English walnut thriv¬ 
ing at Rochester, N. Y. All trees I know of 
are killed back by the Winter. The Spanish 
chestnut will not stand our Winters. The 
common chestnut seldom or never fruits ex¬ 
cept on a sandstone soil; it does not like lime¬ 
stone soils. Better improve our own hardy 
hickories: thin down the shells, enlarge the 
kernels. In this direction lies the greatest pos¬ 
sibility of profits with nut growing in this 
country, I think.” (Applause) Mi’. Boggs, 
North Carolina, approved the suggested im¬ 
provement in hickory nuts. Mr. Pierce had 
lately seen three-year-old Japan chestnut trees 
in New Jersey having eight or ten burrs each. 
Dr. Mackay said, 4 ‘nuts grow much larger on 
trees never transplanted.” Mr. Hollister, 
Missouri,“There is nothing in which the horti¬ 
culturist can make better profit than in the 
growth of the pecan. To all having the prop¬ 
er soil and location, I say plant the pecan.” 
Much more was said on this nut topic by many 
members, but without a kernel worth preserv¬ 
ing, and Pres. Earle closed the subject with a 
few practical observations, concluding thus: 
We are sending specimens ot the 
R. N.-Y. to some of our old subscribers 
who are not subscribers now. We re¬ 
spectfully call their attention to our 
proposition to send the Rural from now 
until the end of next year for $2 00, 
or in Clubs of Five or over for $1.50. 
We invite them to send for our new 
16-page Premium List, which, it will 
be conceded, offers very liberal com¬ 
pensation to all who are wil ing to aid 
in extending the Rural’s circulation. 
AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 
AT CLEVELAND. 
(RURAL SPECIAL REPORT CONTINUED.) 
Vegetables in Japan; nut. culture for pleas¬ 
ure and profit; most profitable kinds for 
various sections; Japan chestnuts; other 
sorts; filberts; almonds; walnuts; pecans; 
their jaulture; hickory-nuts. 
The paper on “vegetables in Japan” by 
Kizo Tamari, was of much interest. It was 
well writteu, but his Japanese tongue made it 
difficult for members to understand him. He 
said in substance, “We have many culinary 
vegetables of good quality in Japan. The 
choice of edible plants differs with countries 
and peoples, depending upon climate, social 
condition, tastes and methods of cooking. No 
other vegetable is so extensively used in Japan 
as the radish. They are mostly cylindrical, 
one-fourth of an inch to over a foot in 
diameter, and often over a yard in length. 
We have them the year around. Our 
carrots are ^longer and thinuer than 
yours—two-and-one-hnlf feet long, some¬ 
times. Burdock comes third in general 
estimation, the root growing one foot 
around and three feet long in a year, 
soft and delicious. Turnips are used like 
radishes in America. Caladiums are 
extensively grown, and used like pota¬ 
toes here. Six or seven million bushels 
are raised annually: taste like potatoes, 
but more mealy. Sweet Potatoes are 
largely grown in the'south where farm- 
si’s live upon them; other potatoes are 
raised in the north. Japanese yams are 
used in variety, but the roots of wild 
plants are better; these grow two inches 
by three or four feet in a year, very 
hard to dig. Lilium tigrinum is growai 
in fence corners, the bulbs growing two 
or three inches in diameter in as many 
years. Unions are grown like celery 
here, not for the bulbs, but for the long, 
tender stalks. We grow peas and beans 
in endless variety: some are used green, ' 
but most are made iuto different kinds 
of cakes, or used ns parched beaus. 
Soy bean is au important product, as 
great as wheat, about 11W million bush¬ 
els aunually. All this is used in our 
culinary department, in three forms, 
viz: Miso, Sliioyu and Tofu. The latter 
called Chinese cheese by the English, is 
very commonly used, especially away 
from the sea-coast where fresh fish is 
scarce. It contains three times ns much 
albumen as cither wheat, barley or 
oats. We are the largest 4 oonsumers of 
pulse of all people in the world. We 
have no varieties of cabbages. Chrys- ^ 
anthemum corouariuin is grown for its 
leaves and stalks; the yellow 
flowers are boiled, dried and used 
for relishes. Six or seven edible bam¬ 
boos are raised. Seven species of sea¬ 
weed are used, Porphura vulgaris 
being most highly esteemed. It is made 
iuto thin sheets, like paper. The growth 
and manufacture of this weed is one of 
our important industries.” He referred 
to many plants used as relishes, and for 
flavoring, besides numerous other species 
not enumerated in this abstract. “ 
Wednesday afternoon session * was 
opened by the reading of a paper'on 
“Transplanting in Theory and Piae- 
tico,” by Tuiseo Greiner. 
A paper on “Nut Culture at the 
North for Pleasure and Profit,” by J. 
T. Lovett, was then read by President 
Earle, calling out an interesting discus¬ 
sion. The writer opens with a pieusing 
allusion to “tho indescribable charm 
and fascination of nutting, which take 
hold of the boy os soon asjiis legs 
can carry him to the trees, which 
hardly weaken their grasp through 
life.” (How strange Mr. Lovott should 
fall to include the girls as well.) Speak¬ 
ing of nut-bearing trees, he says: “That 
they are difficult, to transplant is an error. I 
find them as easy as the pear, if uursery- 
grown. They repay ubundantly in pleasure 
to ourselves and our children. We can hard¬ 
ly buy hurmlcss enjoyment cheaper. Nut 
groves art' not longer coming iuto bearing 
than apple or plum orchards. Japan chest¬ 
nuts, almonds, filberts, dwarf English wal¬ 
nuts begin to bear as young as a peach tree. 
The commercial aspect of nut culture is, 1 con¬ 
fess, the 'hardest uut to crack. 1 The indus¬ 
try is yet too young to speak from facts. I 
am told almonds are largely and profitably 
grown in California, and that the English 
walnut has lately been planted oa hundreds of 
acres there. The almond is too tender at the 
North, ^however, and we must confine our- 
were in poor condition, and a disgrace to the 
fair; but as a rule they showed good manage¬ 
ment. without the ever-present blanket, which 
was a noticeable improvement. It is poor sab 
isfaction to look over the stock and see noth¬ 
ing but rows of coffee-sack blankets with horns 
at one end and tails at the other. One speci men 
of the polled Aberdeen-Angus was shown,being 
the first of the kind ever on our grounds. 
He was obliged to compete in the same 
class with the Galloways, hut won au 
easy victory. The society cannot be too 
strongly criticised for excluding from 
their premium list so fine a breed as the 
Ayrshire. A large exhibit of this 
breed was made “for the fun of it.” 
A new feature of the fair was an im¬ 
portation of Cleveland Bays shown by 
the Cleveland Bay Horse Co., of Paw 
Paw, Michigan. They are of medium 
weight, and general-purpose horses. 
They are always of a bay color, and 
are said to be practically free from 
olemL-hes on the legs. A novelty in 
machinery is a new spring motor, in¬ 
vented and made in Jackson. The power 
is derived from coiled springs, and is of 
about two-thirds of a horse power, made 
principally for pumping. Only eight 
have hitherto been made, but they will 
undoubtedly become popular.as they can 
be wound up in 15 minutes and will run 
for 10 hours. 
In spite of the large number of cream¬ 
eries iu the State, there was but, one en¬ 
try of creamery butter, while one year 
ago there was n large exhibit. It looks 
as though there is a falling off of interest 
in butter matters. 
One of the finest features in the Agri¬ 
cultural Department was the exhibit of 
700 varieties of potatoes shown by D. B. 
Harrington, of Mason. Mr. Woodman, 
of Paw Paw. showed a collection of 60 
kinds of wheat, and between 70 and 80 
of grasses, both native and foreigu. 
Fruit Hall contained a fine show of 
fruit, especially from an educational 
standpoint. It lias been larger, but never 
better selected. All single plate entries 
of old varieties have been ruled out, and 
collections limited to 100 plates are re 
quired, compelling the exhibitor to use 
his own taste and judgment as to the 
varieties he will show both for family 
and for market purposes. This plan is 
a decided improvement. 
The Agricultural College made a very 
• fine exhibit in nearly every department. 
I- Among those worthy of especial mention 
are its collection of 70 varieties of to¬ 
matoes grown for the purpose of testing 
varieties. The Veterinary Department, 
showed a collection of instruments, and 
mounted skeletons of the horse, the cow, 
the sheep and the hog, besides t he horsa- 
kin—a perfect model of the body of the 
horse in papier maehc, capable of dis¬ 
section into nearly 100 pieces. The 
Mechanical Department showed numer¬ 
ous specimens of students' work in both 
wood and iron. Besides almost all vari¬ 
eties of turned iron, there were shown 
a jig-saw and two iron lathes, all well 
spoken of by machinists. These displays 
did much to popularize the College. 
Good order prevailed during the fail’, 
and the main objection that can be 
offered related to a failure to draw distinct lines 
between breeds of stock, as distinct breeds were 
sometimes compelled to compete in the same 
class. EUGENE DAVENPORT. 
CRYSTAL WHITE BLACKBERRY. From Nature. Fit?. 385 
Several members inquired as to how far 
North the pecan would succeed. Secretary 
Ragan said, “about, 41 ! a degree's.” Mr. Vau- 
dei’Uian thought it would grow safely wher¬ 
ever the black-walnut thrived ; he knew of 
some in Northern Kansas. Mr. Earle spoke of 
a tree iu New Orleans 16 years old, the nuts 
from which last year, brought $75. Mr. Vau- 
defman said the English walnut would not 
live in Kansas. Mr. LIndley, North Carolina, 
“The pecan docs well iu t he central part of our 
State. It should be planted where the tree is 
wanted, as it is difficult to transplant success¬ 
fully.” Mr. Greiner, “It should be planted 
when a year old,cutting off the tap root.” Mr. 
Albaugh thought the thinner-skiuued hickory 
nuts deserved more attention. The pecan is 
not a native of any part of Ohio. Professor 
Clay pole, “This uut question is one of interest, 
but perhaps also a little dangerous, I am 
“I hold that every mail who plants an Ameri¬ 
can forest tree that grows is a benefactor to 
his race.” This time even the President for¬ 
got to include the women. H. H. 
MICHIGAN STATE FAIR. 
the;queens county, n. y., fair. 
(RURAL SPECIAL REPORT.) 
Catering to city tastes; “hoss trots”; poor 
live stock exhibits; good implement dis¬ 
plays. _ 
The forty-fifth annual fair of the Queens 
County Agricultural Society was held at Min- 
eola, L. I., Sept. “1, 22, 28. aud 24, This is one 
of the three or four local fairs which are at¬ 
tended largely by the people of New York city 
and Brooklyn. The excellent financial con¬ 
dition of the society is due largely to this urban 
patronage.aiid unfortunately the^exhibition is 
(RURAL SPECIAL REPORT.) 
Wet weather causes a financial failure; 
moderately good cattle show; Aberdeen- 
Angus ahead; injustice to Ayrshires; 
Cleveland Bay horses; coiled-spring mo¬ 
tor; falling off in dairy interests; potatoes 
galore. _ 
The Michigan State Fail* was held iu the 
city of Jackson, and was in most respects 
fully au average. It was scarcely a success 
financially, owing principally to bad weather. 
The show of stock was larger, and many tine 
animals were exhibited. A few of the cattle 
