THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
OCT 48 
side of two weeks, though they were carefully 
treated as per J. S. B. 
Ontario, Canada. H. H. hurd a sons. 
The ouly remedy tor the cabbage worm 
that I have never known to fail is to set the 
plants out in Montana. We do not have the 
pest here. The valley of the Gallatin is ahead 
of the entire world as a farm and garden sec¬ 
tion. p - B - V. 
Fridley, Montana. 
PUSH AHEAD. 
The article by E. Davenport, in a late Ru¬ 
ral, suited me. I do not believe in wait¬ 
ing for better prices. Let farmers adapt 
themselves to circumstances and press for¬ 
ward. A successful farmer can be made with 
the same energy and push that it bikes to 
make a man a success anywhere. 1 know 
grocerymen who complain of small profits 
and business overdone. They sit and smoke 
their pipes with their goods .covered with 
dust, soap a nd starch and sugar all mixed to¬ 
gether. When customers com© in they spend 
the time talking about hard times instead of 
trying to sell goods. Another grocery man 
keeps his month shut about the hard times. 
He adapts himself to circumstances, makes 
small profits, to be sure, but sells lots of goods 
and makes money. 
It is just the same way with farmers. 
One man thinks he can't afford to buy 
manure. He hires a man to cultivate 50 
acres to produce a crop that would have 
grown on 10 acres with proper manuring. 
His tools make a loss of 35 per cent, in time. 
His horses are poor. He has to club them 
hard to get half a day’s work in 16 hours. He 
expects a whip to take the place of oats. His 
cows are half wintered because hay is high. 
Ho can’t afford to build fences, so his cattle 
break into the crops. He keeps scrub cattle. 
These make a scrub muu out of bun. With 
his scrub mind he cau’t see that fine cattle 
cost no more to raise, and sell for four times 
as much. 
The other farmer knows the times are all 
right if he can only make his farm produce 
the largest crops with tie- smallest amouutof 
labor. Ho buys the best tools, hires the best 
men, looks after them and sees that the work 
is well done. If he does not have manure 
enough, he buys the best Standard fertilizer. 
He keeps the best cattle and horses, and 
starves himself rather than starve them. He 
spends his evenings at home reading an agri¬ 
cultural paper, and not in the store talking up 
hard times and village gossip. He studies 
about fruit culture and selects the best varie¬ 
ties, and plants plenty. Ho doesn’t patron¬ 
ize some wandering tree peddler, but he buys 
of some reliable nurserymen. He has a good 
home, and ho makes money. 
Is the contrast overdrawn? Not a bit. Suc¬ 
cess means energy, courage, head work and 
perseverance; and failure means little but 
work iu the wrong direction. It is time to 
stop growling about hard times. Wake up! 
Put energy and push into your farming and 
make every crop and every head of cattle pay 
you. If it does not, see that it is not your 
fault. Head agricultural papers aud get tho 
experience of others. Don’t hold the cent so 
near your eyes that you can’t see tho dollar 
beyond it. Too many farmers make them¬ 
selves near-sighted in this way. i t is folly to 
fish with a bare hook because bait is scarce 
aud high. Wake up, faimers, and see if you 
cau’t get better crops. kmmons pond. 
Greene Co., N. Y. 
AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 
AT CLEVELAND. 
(RURAL SPECIAL REPORT CONTINUED.) 
Small, fruits in New England; cost of rais¬ 
ing; fertilizers for; packing and market¬ 
ing; little profit the. rule; best varieties; 
currants , blackberries; Lucretia Dewberry; 
grapes, strawberries in Oh io; Ncunan and 
Triumph for the South; the Bubach; sh ip¬ 
ping long distances; the Jewell; Jessie, 
Parry ■, ravages of 1 he Ta rnished Plant-bug. 
The closing paper of the second afternoon 
session was by J. 11. Hule, on “Small Fruits in 
New England.” Everybody expected a prac¬ 
tical and instructive paper, and such it was. 
It wus read distinctly by the enterprising 
editor, My rick, Mr. Hale being kept at home 
by illness. “I think,” said he, “that we in 
New England are producing and eating more 
fruit than the people of any other section of 
our country. A leu-acrc field would be a big 
plantation with us. It costs us §150 an acre 
to raise strawberries. Asa fertilizer we use 
ground bone and muriate of potash; §35 worth 
of hope aud $15 of the potash per acre, using 
no stable manure. Raspberries, gooseberries 
and currants cost us about $75 au acre to 
grow. Currants are uow sadly neglected; uot 
over 100 acres are grown for market in New 
England. Our raspberries grow iu hedgerows 
3) , feet apart. Blackberries are not largely 
raised, yet the product of one acre last year 
(laid the owner for 560 bushels of corn. Wo 
market strawberries in American square 
quart baskets, packed in good, returnable 
crates, having racks which allow for heaping 
up our baskets with fine, large fruit. These, 
with the new, white poplar baskets, sell for two 
or three cents more a quart than if packed in 
the small, rough crates used in tho West. Wo 
sell from pur own wagons to consumers and 
retailers, thus securing better prices, aud yet 
none of us is getting rich. Some make a liv¬ 
ing, others lose' money. We hear much of the 
one successful grower who raises 6,000 to 8,000 
quarts of strawberries per acre, which be sells 
for 15 or *10 cents a quart; but the ninety and 
nine just men who get only a thousand quarts 
and sell at five to eight cents, we never hear 
from at all. Aud yet I advise those already 
in the fruit business to bold on: cultivate bet¬ 
ter, grow fewer acres, get better profits. To 
beginners I would say: "Don’t begin.” As to 
varieties, that’s a ‘local issue,' and the less said 
about it the better, unless wo .want to demoral¬ 
ize the business. Half of all tho strawberries 
grown in the East arc Crescent, the balance 
are Minor’s, Downing, Sharpless, Windsor, 
etc. The leading raspberries for home and 
market are Cuthbert for red and Souliegan 
for black. 
The Cherry Currant is largely grown, but 
Victoria is larger, ripens later, aud sells for 
better prices. Snyder aud Wachusett black¬ 
berries for market, for the homo wo add 
Kittatinuy. The Jewell, Belmont aud Bu- 
bach Strawberries, aud the Earhart and (Jar¬ 
man Raspberries are promising new sorts. 
The Lucretia Dewberry is very early, doing 
well. Worden, Moore’s Early, and Concord 
are our most profitable market grapes. Wor¬ 
den grows in favor each year. For family 
use all but the very late-ripening varieties cau 
be aud are grown to perfection by amateur 
growers in the cities and towns. We are 
making great progress iu the cultivation of 
our tastes. To me there is no homo without a 
fruit garden, and yet many a family never 
knows what a home with a fruit garden is, 
and for these people wo should labor as a 
society.” At the conclusion of the reading of 
Mr. Hale’s paper, Presidedl Earlogftld: "One 
of the clearest, sharpest and most admirable 
papers ever presented; and by one of our 
cleuiest and sharpest of men.’’ A long straw¬ 
berry discussion then ensued, two or three 
members often talking at once. 
Mr. Albaugh spoke most enthusiastically of 
the large and successful strawberry interest at 
Bar nos v die, Ohio. Said he, "1 was there at 
their show in June last. Sharp loss is the 
leading sort, 100 bushels of it are grown to 
ten of all Others; the hill system of culture 
is used; rows planted parallel with tho hill; 
runners cut persistently. An effort is made 
never to ship u bad berry from the place, also 
to get just as big berries in the bottom as at 
the top Of the basket. They had shipped a 
train-load of 1.300 bushels the day before my 
visit: one man bud just picked 100 bushels.” 
Mr. Ohmer; “To gather these 1,200 bushels 
iu one day everybody picks; the schools arc 
adjourned in that season; even the first ladies 
of the place pick, and sometimes earn as high 
as $2 per day. Cumberland Triumph is raised 
second to Sharpless. From 100 to 140 bushels 
per acre is the average product. ” Dr. McKay, 
of Miss., conceded the pulm to Baraesville. 
“Wilsons do not grow well of Into in the South. 
Wc get more from Ncuuau than from any 
other kind: can ship them to New York or 
San Francisco. Wo now ship north and west 
and iret bettor prices than in the New Orleans 
market. The finest of all berries wc have 
grown in the South, however, is Cumberland 
Triumph. Nothing equal to it; ton days later 
than Wilson. I grow 40 varieties.” Mr. Cay- 
wood: "What about the Bubach, which origi¬ 
nated in Northern Illinois?” Mr. Miller: "I 
think well of it. Very promising, Indeed. The 
fruit is uniform iu size; it pleases me very 
much,” Mr. Ford: “Fair grower; nothing 
more hardy; a little fruit this year.” 
President Earle, speaking of the tranHjiorta- 
tion question, said; “The conditions in the 
East aud iu Miss, arc very different; the mar¬ 
ket, is near at hand in the lirslca.se and very 
distant in the second. Wo cannot, return pack¬ 
ages in tho West and South, aud must, have 
cheap gift packages, i never found a berry so 
tender or so delicate that, I could not ship it a 
loug distance. Some sorts will color after being 
picked, others never do. There is no trouble 
to ship 600 or 1,000 miles, but of course it must 
be In refrigerator cars. Our crates aud boxes 
in the West cost about two thirds of a cent 
per quart, and are very satisfactory to us. 
As to variety with us, at Cobdeu we raise 
three quarts of Crescent to one of all others. 
Sharpless has serious faults as well as virtues 
in the West. The blossom is tender to frost, 
the berry will not ripen at the tip, and will 
not ripen after picking. Of course, wo fer¬ 
tilize the Crescent with some perfect-(lowering 
sort.” 
Prof. Green, Ohio: “We have a number of 
the newer sorts under trial at the Experi¬ 
ment Station. As to Jewell, there is nothing 
particular against it. except, as to llavor. It 
is a promising market sort; don’t know that 
the plant is very vigorous. Jessie seems one 
of the most promising new sorts we have. 
Plants very vigorous, berries large—produc¬ 
tive. May King is promising, large as Cres¬ 
cent, a little larger, ;>erhaps. Same seasou. 
Dou’t know what to say about Parry. 1 
thought well of it Inst year, not quite so well 
this; plant lacks vigor. Bubach is perhaps 
the best, of the newer kinds; berries grow 
as large as the picture.” 
Mr. Smith: “ Regarding the Jessie, Mr. 
Loudon’s Seedling, the Wisconsin State Soci¬ 
ety visited it on the originator's grounds last 
season and were very enthusiastic in its praise. 
The berries lay upon the ground iu heaps. 
They were fair in shape, of good color, aver¬ 
aging very large; one measured nine inches, 
i marts would measure from six to seven; flavor 
very line. Tt it does as well after dissemina¬ 
tion, it will be a great acquisition surely.” 
Mr. Crawford, spoke very highly of it: "It is 
the only sort ever sent me that did well two 
years in succession; good quality, ripens all 
over at once.” Mr. Miller: “Mr. Louden 
wrote me that his six acres of the Jessie, iu 
spite of the great drought,, had yielded over 
200 bushels pier acre.” Mr. Smith; “I have no 
doubtof it. from what 1 saw when I was there.” 
President Earle spoke earnestly of the seri¬ 
ous ravages of the Tarnished Plant-Bug, ask¬ 
ing for information and a remedy. "I don’t 
know whether wo arc going to get any straw¬ 
berries at all iu the West if this insect keeps 
up its depredations. In Illinois we know 
nothing about exterminating it. When you 
see berries imperfect aud seedy at tho cud, 
you may be sure tins bug has been at work 
there, snicking tho juice from the young, 
green berries. It bus caused half-a-million 
dollars’ worth of dumage in oue seasou iu a 
few counties iu Illinois.” H. H. 
NEW YORK STATE FAIR. 
FORTY-SIXTH ANNUAL EXHIBITION. 
(RURAL SPECIAL REPORT, CONTINUED.) 
Seed and vegetable displays poor ; Experi¬ 
ment Station's exhibit good ; an average 
display of cheese boxes ; a hodye podge-, 
give the the home and ladies a chance; a 
fine exhibit of fruit , especially by Ell- 
wanger <£ Parry ; new Chinese pears ; a 
u family competition''; fine display of 
grapes , especially of Niagaras; best five 
grapes; Marvin's seedlings; splendid Can- 
cords; good floral displays; a wet-blanket¬ 
ed fair; beer guzzling sanctioned. 
In the hall devoted to farm produce aud 
dairy products the show was not worthy of 
this great State. In grain and seeds five bar¬ 
rels of beans, three of corn, nine of peas, 11 
of white and two of red winter wheat, 16 of 
rye, 12 of white oats, three of black oats and 
eight of barley with six bushels of buckwheat, 
two of flaxseed and t hree of timothy seed cov¬ 
ered tho exhibit. Mr. M. F. Pierson, of Seneca 
Castle, showed 360 varieties of potatoes, 100 
plates of which showed the product of single 
eyes. Of course he got first premium. He also 
displayed on plates low varieties of beans, 
showing nearly every sort grown. 
The vegetables were iu small collections, uud 
aside from the show of tho Experiment Station, 
not worthy of especial mention. 
The New York Experiment Station made a 
large show, consisting in part of 70 or more 
varieties of oats iu the straw, 75 varieties of 
cabbage, embracing all grades of wrinkled, 
curled anil ribbed, and all shade's of color 
from green to red: also anew variety of toma¬ 
to of their own originating. This is very 
dwarf and very productive and is very prom¬ 
ising, indeed, especially for forcing. 
The Collection of cheese and butter was as 
large and the quality fully us good as that at 
any fair for many years. I think a reform is 
needed in the way of showing cheese, A col¬ 
lection of ordinary boxes, <6 which only the 
outside can lie seen, while no ouu can more 
than guess whether they are full or empty, 
is not a very attractive sight aud cannot be 
expected to collect und hold a crowd or afford 
any instruction. Muj. IT. E. Alvord showed 
a collection of fancy aud foreign style's ut 
cheese, which caught every one's attention (by 
the nose) and called forth much comment. 
They were put up in tiul'oil and, though smell¬ 
ing as rank as " Othello's offeuee,” are said to 
be very palatable and are finding a ready 
market. 
In the halls usually.devoted to domestic man¬ 
ufacturers aud ladies’ goods there wus a per¬ 
fect hodge-podge, amoug which I noticed six 
or eight boats, a man hawking some sort of 
washing compound, three or four salt exhib¬ 
its and half a dozen men advertising some 
trinket. If the society ever made a bad mis¬ 
take it was in sitting down so heavily on this 
part of the show as to obliterate it. The offi¬ 
cers of the society should lose no time iu heed¬ 
ing the universal protest, uot ouly of the la¬ 
dies iu attendance, but of their friends (aud 
this means everybody) in reviving this 
very popular department, or they may find 
that in sitting down on this they sat, down on 
a pin. Clearly the best good of the society 
will be subserved by heeding t he popular wish. 
When wo take into the account, the almost, 
total failure of fruit in the Western portion of 
the State, the fruit garden of New York if not 
of America, the show of fruit in Floral Hall is 
certainly to be commended. Some 240 feet of 
tables wore filled with about 000 plates, of 
which 225 were of pears, 220 of grapes, 200 of 
apples, 60 of plums and a dozen of quinces. 
As usual Ellwauger & Barry made the bulk of 
of the display, showing 145 plates of pears, 46 
of plums and 41 of grapes. Besides these, Mr. 
Barry, from his private grounds shows 13 plates 
of pearsaud20 of hothouse grapes. No firm in 
this country are doing so much to Create a 
taste for fine fruit and to educate the people 
as to correct names and perfection of samples, 
as their varieties are always correctly named 
and the samples perfect. In their collection 
of pears were the new Chiuese pears Mikado 
and Damio. Both of these arc very beautiful, 
especially the former. It is medium-sized, 
round, light-yellow, thickly studded with 
bright black dots, which makes it perfect, aud 
it is a great pity that so handsome a fruit 
should be good for notbiug else. They also 
showed the prettiest plate of Seekels I ever 
saw, so perfect in every way and so highly 
colored that one cannot blame tho small boy 
who wished to appropriate them to his own 
use. 
In their collection of plums I noticed fine 
specimens of the new ( ’liickasaws,Newman aud 
Columbia. The last could easily be mis¬ 
taken for an over-grown cranberry, and one 
would hardly be decided did ho taste it. In 
the contest for single plates of pears, Mr. 
Barry showed five in competition with his 
firm, and captured four of the five first, prizes. 
Au amusing incident occurred in judging the 
plates of Angouleme; they were so nearly 
alike that it was doubtful which would get, tlie 
first prize, until oue of the judges discovered 
the slightest hit of a worm-hole in the calyx 
of one specimen of the firm’s exhibit, and gave 
the first premium to Mr. Barry—as they said 
in their report—by a single worm hole,” 
The show of grapes wus very line, particu¬ 
larly that made by thu Niagara White Grape 
Company, of Lockport,, they having pounds 
aud pounds on the tallies, of which they gave 
freely to every one. To show how popular 
this grape has already become and how fully 
the Rural’s estimate of it has been realized, 
let me say that iu every collection competing 
for the prizes, whether of 20, 10 or five varie¬ 
ties, the Niagara was placed nL I ho front. 
Ellwauger A Barry’s choice of the five best 
grapes was, Ionia, Rochester, Niagara, Goert- 
ner, aud Barry. B. W. Clark, of Lockport, 
selected Agawam, Duchess, Niagara, Ioiliai 
und Eumelan. Palmer Worden, of Central 
New York, chose as best five, Concord, 
Duchess, Niagara, Ioua, and Brighton. H. 
M. Jacques, of Western New York, showed 
Concord, Delaware, Niagara, Wilder, and 
Agawam. 
D. S. Marvin showed u large lot of new 
seedling grajies, many of which were uot us 
yet named. Among others, T noticed Rutland, 
Centennial, Cayuga, aud Rural New-Yorker. 
Rutland has a medium-sized cluster; compact, 
black berries, oue-hnlf inch; meaty, aud of 
good flavor. I should judge it is quite early. 
Skin is thin, but tough. Centennial has a 
cluster aud berry much the size of Prentiss; 
usually a little shouldered, of a pinkish-green 
color; skiu tough,quality good; a little pulpy, 
but not tough; free from l'oxiness, and of a 
viuous flavor. Cayuga is a black grape; clus¬ 
ters long, not shouldered; berries as large as 
Concord, and u fine black, covered with a nice 
bloom. This grape iu character and quality 
is so much like Adirondac as to be its brother. 
I hope in growth and foliage it may prove 
more reliable than that. The Rural New- 
Yorker is a block grape, with long, large clus¬ 
ters, always much shouldered, so much so as to 
be branched in many cases; berries about three- 
quarters of au inch iu diameter, jet black, with 
a heavy bloom; in quality much like the Clin¬ 
ton, though perhaps not quite so sour. I should 
say it is quite early, aud u good wiue grape. 
Mr. Marvin is certainly deserving of much 
credit for the long aud earnest labor ho has 
devoted to the improvement of tho grape. I 
certainly wish him success. 
Iu tho contest for single plate's of Concords 
four of the best plates of that variety I have 
over soon were shown. The judges were able 
to make the award ouly by the use of scales 
