THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
Maj. H. E. Alvord furnishes a statement show¬ 
ing that he is fully convinced as to the accur¬ 
acy aud honesty of the test. Maj. Alvord. it 
must be remembered, is the official tester of 
the A. J. C. C. 
The gram feed given during the tost was 
composed of wheat bran aud oatmeal, half and 
half by weight, which weighed twenty-four 
pouuds to the bushel. From the date of com¬ 
mencing her record until green feed was gone 
in October her average dai I y feed was 13pouu ds 
(Ifi quarts) of this mixture, with pasture and 
green corn when put in stable to milk. Dur¬ 
ing the Winter she was fed an average of 18 
pounds (34 quarts) per day of this feed, the 
amouut varying at times according to her ap¬ 
petite aud condition, with what corn silage 
and dry hay she would eat., and four to six 
quarts of carrots per day. After soiling crops 
were ready for feeding in the Spring, her 
graiu feed was gradually ixdueed to 12 pouuds 
per day, with green rye, green oats and greeu 
clover for soiling, with pasture of clover and 
timothy. During the months of Juue and 
July, during the flush of green feed, she ate 
very little graiu. not over six pounds per day. 
She had no other kind of grain or feed and no 
liquid of any kind but. water, which she was 
given as often as she would drink 
Messrs. Smith, Powell and Lamb will pub¬ 
lish a full account of the test in a neat pam¬ 
phlet which will be well worth reading. 
<l\)t AjfrjJsnuui. 
OUR ANIMAL PORTRAITS. 
JERSEY UEIFER, GOLDEN SKIN 2d. 
Long before Jersey cattle became not lble 
for tbe richness of their milk aud the high 
quality and abundance of their butter, they 
were favorit in the great parks attached to 
the lordly country houses of England’s proud 
nobility and gentry. They were kept more 
for ornament than for utility. Color and 
form were more highly prized than udder and 
escutcheon: fancy points were more esteemed 
thau genuine merit, lustead of the lean, 
scraggy condition characteristic of the deep¬ 
milking daiiy Jersey, the ornamental Jerseys 
were always sleek, well-rounded and remark¬ 
able for their handsome,thoroughbred appear¬ 
ance. They corresponded well with the deer 
that clustered under the umbrageous trees or 
wandered through the deep grasses of the 
lordly demesnes There are in England thou¬ 
sands of Jerseys whoso easy lives are thus 
spent for ornamental purposes to-day. And 
are they not splendilly adapted for it? Just 
look at the heifer Golden Skin 3d, shown at 
Fig. 391. What, a graceful, beautiful crea¬ 
ture! What a chinning adjunct must a herd 
of such deer-like beauties be in a vast ances¬ 
tral park lavishly laid out by successive gen¬ 
erations with all the art that improves 
nature! 
Golden Skin 3d is Island-bred, having been 
bred by Mr. E. Le Brocq, St. Gwens, Jersey. 
She is whole-colored, and was calved June 
2, 1884. She won several first prizes on the 
Island before she was imported into England 
where she has been a frequent prize-winner, 
her latest triumphs having been the capture of 
the first prize at the Royal Show at Norwich, 
and the Bath aud West of England,aud Royal 
Counties’ Show’s iu 1886 
CENTRAL-WEST STOCK NOTES. 
PROF. G. E. MORROW. 
It now seems certain we have an outbreak 
of contagious plcuro-pneumonia in and near 
Chicago. The official and consulting veteri¬ 
narians of high repute are reported unanimous 
in this decision, aud I accept their decision as 
final. Tbe fact that several thousand head of 
cattle have been exposed to the disease in the 
distillery feeding stables i n which it has been 
found, makes the task of the State Li ve Stock 
Commission one of very serious nature. It is 
understood they have decided to have all the 
exposed cattle slaughtered. As yet the full 
history of the outbreak, or the full extent of 
possible exposure, has not been determined. 
It is much to be hoped the authorities, veteri¬ 
nary and civil, will not bo embarrassed in 
their work by much renewal of tbe kind of 
criticism indulged iu two years since. 
In a number of Western States “hog- 
cholera” is prevailing to a serious degree. In 
some cases farmers in the great corn aud hog 
raising regions have grown accustomed to 
outbreaks of this disease, aud little may be 
said about it even when there is large loss. Iu 
other cases sensational reports are published, 
in which the loss is greatly magnified. With¬ 
in a few days past Dr. Smith, of the Bureau 
of Animal Industry of Washington, Dr. 
McIntosh, our University Veterinarian, and 
the writer have visited the vicinity of Sa- 
dorus, in Champaign County, III., where much 
loss has occurred during the last three or four 
months. There is much variation in the 
symptoms as found in different herds. In 
some the pigs frequently die within a few 
hours after the first appearance of ill health; 
in others they last for several weeks before 
dying—in some cases recovering. In some 
cases the lungs are ranch affected; sometimes 
the spleen is also. In other cases the appear¬ 
ance of injury is mainly confined to ulcera¬ 
tions iu the intestines. These have been 
counted by many as the one most character¬ 
istic symptom of the disease. While some 
still den}- the contagious or infectious charac¬ 
ter of the disease, the evidence that it is read¬ 
ily communicated seems conclusive. Nor 
will it do to charge careless or bad manage¬ 
ment to all who suffer loss. 
Recent rains over much of the Central 
West have done much to refresh the pastures 
and to encourage farmers. The low prices for 
“Stockers” and “feeders” in the Chicago aud 
other live stock markets, show that farmers 
are not usually anxious to supply themselves 
with cattle for future feeding. There seems 
little probability of any considerable advance 
in the price of beef cattle during the Autumn, 
aud almost certain that very large numbers 
of only partially fattened cattle will be thrown 
ou the markets; not only from the ranches in 
the far West, but from mauy farms wffiere 
the drought, has decreased the supply of food. 
Notwithstanding the low r prices, we are, 
on the University farm, feeding rather more 
than the usual number of steers for sale some 
time in November. We have not yet fouud 
any more economical mode of beef-making— 
or a more profitable mode—thau to graze good 
two-year-old steers during the Spring and 
Summer wdthout gram, if the pastures con¬ 
tinue good, commencing feeding the new crop 
of corn from the middle to tho last of August, 
and continuing this not more than 90 to 100 
days. This is fed “in the ear,” hogs “follow¬ 
ing” the cattle and receiving nearly all the 
undigested grain. 
It is noteworthy aud encouraging that with 
a full recognition of lowered prices for pure¬ 
bred as w’ell a.s common and grade stock, the 
leadiug fairs of the West have probably never 
had larger or better displays of live stock than 
have been found this year. I hope and believe 
this may be true of tbe Fat Stock, Horse and 
Dairy Show, to be held in Chicago in Novem¬ 
ber next. It has seemed clear to me that this 
exhibition has done more for the live stock 
interests of the country than any other one 
show or fair. Certainly it has been of greater 
interest aud profit to me than any other I have 
attended. There has been criticism on the 
management for expanding its field, but I do 
not see that these are well founded. I especi¬ 
ally hope the Dairy 8^0 w may be a surprise 
to all iu its extent and excellence. Never be¬ 
fore would greater good have come from a 
show of dairy products. It has seemed to me 
there is a danger of over-reliance on the good 
effects of the oleomargarine legislation. The 
prizes offered are very liberal, aud so distri¬ 
butes! that it will not be possible for a very 
few exhibitors to secure them all. 
As 1 have done iu former years, I again pro¬ 
mise to all Rural readers who attend this 
show much of pleasure and profit, aud espe¬ 
cially hope there may be mauy from the more 
Eastern States. 
University, Champaign, 111. 
STOCK JOTTINGS. 
competition in wool buying. 
The prices of wool have beeu quite satisfac¬ 
tory this year to the growers in Montana and 
the neighboring Territories. As elsewhere, 
the prices have gone up because the supply is 
unusually small in comparison with the de- 
maud; but the rise has been hastened and in¬ 
creased by tbe competition between agents and 
buyers for Chicago with those from Boston 
and Philadelphia. Until lately the latter had 
things all her own way: but during the past 
season the Lake City men have been running 
them closely. It is said that Montana wool 
consigned to Chicago last year netted the ship¬ 
pers from one to two cents more per pound 
thau Boston and Philadelphia returned for pre¬ 
cisely the same kind of wool; hence the con¬ 
signments to the former thisseasou threatened 
to be unusually heavy. To prevent this, the 
Eastern men, instead of confining their efforts 
mainly to obtaining consignments, according 
to the usual practice, bought quite heavily at 
prices that would make tbe wool cost them 
from 2(1 to 27 cents in Boston or Philadelphia, 
paying from 22 to 24 cents per pound or even 
more for large lots at the railroad stations. 
The Chicago people sought consignments 
chiefly, advancing 20 to 22 cents per pound for 
such wool as the Eastern men bought outright 
for Horn 22 to 27 cents. In selling, however, 
the Eastern people sell generally on 00 days’ 
time; while the Chicagoans nearly always sell 
for cash. The great advantage Chicago has 
lies iu the difference iu freight. The rate ou 
wool shipped from Fort Benton or Helena, 
Montana, to Chicago is §1.85 per 100 pounds; 
while the rate to either of the Eastern rivals 
is about §1.95. Over 600 woolen mills are 
nearer to Chicago than to either of the other 
cities, and R is cheaper for these to get then- 
wool from Chicago (whencethey draw the rest 
of their supplies) thau from Boston and Phila¬ 
delphia, as in the latter ease the staple would 
have to pay freight to the market east of them 
and back, which, of course, is not the case 
when the purchases are made in Chicago. 
Honest competition between buyers is always 
a blessing to producers. The papers of all the 
three great wool markets have had pretty 
lively discussions on the subject of late. 
Marine Live Stock Insurance.— Statis¬ 
tics show that about half the live stock ex¬ 
ported from the United Kingdom go to Can¬ 
ada. A large proportion of these ultimately 
find their way into the United States. Either 
they arc shipped through Canada to owners iu 
this country or Canadian importers sell them 
to stock owners on this side of the line. The 
exports from Canada are also quite heavy,and 
many American cattle are shipped in bond 
from Cauadiau ports. Marine insurance com¬ 
panies iu the Dominion have suffered some 
heavy losses iu the live stock business, duo to 
sharp rivalry, which reduced rates, raised com¬ 
missions and led to poor inspection, so that of¬ 
ten unsound stock was insured as sound, or in¬ 
ferior stock taken at high values. The com¬ 
panies have just formed a pool, the manage¬ 
ment of which issues a schedule of rates and 
provides for better inspection. The losses are 
now divided among the companies in relative 
proportion, and the expenses being greatly 
cut down, premiums are written unusually 
low. During the summer mouths on the “all¬ 
risk” plan, including mortality and jettison, 
rates were 1 % to 1 * 1 .j per cent, ou cattle and three 
to four per cent, ou sheep. September being 
the equinoctial month, rates were advanced to 
two to three per cent, on cattle and five to 5’.< 
per cent, ou sheep. Some companies retain 
only the mortality risk, and re-iusure total loss 
aud genera] average, while some shippers, in 
view of the small mortality, take their own 
risk as to mortality, aud only insure against 
total loss and general average. 
-♦ 
LARGE CATTLE IN ANCIENT BRITAIN. 
It is generally supposed that in ancient 
Britain, even as late as the Roman times, there 
were only small domestic cattle of the type of 
the Scotch Highlanders and old Welsh sort— 
of the strain of Bos longifroqs—ami that the 
large cattle, to which the Chillingham herd be¬ 
longs—tho Bos primogenius stock—were in¬ 
troduced about the time of the Saxon and 
Danish invasions. The Urus, however, is sup¬ 
posed to have beeu tho parent race. Animals 
of this race are described as almost equaling 
an elephant iu size; but with the form and 
color of a bull. They are supposed to have 
been domesticated among the Swiss lake- 
dwellers, but then and down to historic times 
they abounded iu the wild state through the 
forests of Europe. Youatt tells us that “iu 
almost every part of the continent aud in every 
district of England skulls, evidently belonging 
to cattle, have been fouud far exceeding in 
bulk any now known,” and these are supposed 
to have belonged to that mighty race. A head 
found iu Perthshire and now in the British 
Museum, measures a yard iu length, while the 
span of the horn cores is three feet six inches. 
Some large bones have lately been exhumed 
in England which must have belonged to cat¬ 
tle six feet high cr more at the withers, aud 
the body must have corresponded in length, 
thickuess aud depth. Our largest Short-horus 
and Herefords would have seemed small be¬ 
side these monsters. 
Red Polls. —Tbe more I see of Red Polled 
cattle the better I like them. I am a great 
friend of the Ayrshires, but they have horns, 
and as a horse docs not need horns I am begin¬ 
ning to doubt if cattle do. E. D. 
Burey Co., Mich. 
orsfman. 
CARE OF THE HORSE. 
I often pass men on the road who are driv¬ 
ing horses so foul that 1 don’t see how they 
tan travel. It is a shame to allow horses to 
got into such a condition. They should have 
their sheaths cleaned out at least, twice a 
year. My experience leads me to believe that 
many of the diseases that wo doctor horses for 
arc due to a foul sheath. I know one case 
where we doctored a horse for a kidney 
trouble, only to find that dirt had so formed at 
the end of the yard that he could hardly urin¬ 
ate. We make a regular business of cleaning 
our horses twice a year—once iu Spring aud 
once in the Fall. Care should be taken to see 
that there are no open cuts on the hand when 
do;ng so, for such will be made very sore. I 
find it. better to put on a pair of old kid gloves. 
A gentle horse will not make much trouble, 
but it requires patience to handle u nervous 
uuimal. The hand should be thrust into the 
sheath until the hood of the yard is felt. 
This can then be slowly drawn out. The 
scales should be picked away, aud the whole 
well washed with warm water aud Castile 
soap. This is the most disagreeable job con¬ 
nected with horses; but it is a very important 
one. The horse will travel bettor and do better 
in every way to pay for the operation, t. c. 
Lenawee Co., Mich. 
HIGH-BRED HORSES NOT SUITABLE TO WORK 
IN THE COLLAR. 
The reason of this is that their shoulders 
are so slanting that their sharp points prevent 
the collar from setting nicely, which throws 
the weight of the draft of the load so much 
against the points as to greatly lessen the pow¬ 
er of the horse in drawing. This is also a 
serious discomfort—even painful at times—and 
is liable to make sore shoulders. Collars, 
therefore, should never bo put ou a horse with 
quite slanting shoulders—but the breast band, 
or Dutch collar, as it is also called, should 
alone be used instead of the neck collar wheu 
harnessed. Horses for light vehicles aud car¬ 
riages should have moderately sloping shoul¬ 
ders; in those for heavy road wagons, city 
carts aud trucks, a more upright shoulder is 
the best, as such are uot wanted to trot; a 
square fust walk is all that is requisite. 
A. B. ALLEN. 
-- 
Poll Evil. —Wo had a horse afflicted with 
the poll evil. We were just at the point of 
taking him to the horse doctor when we read 
Dr. Kilborn’s article on the disease in the 
JERSEY IIEIFER, GOLDEN SKIN 2d. Re-engraved from the London Live Stock 
Journal. Fig. 391. 
