©rr §© 
748 THE RURAL. NEW-YORKER. 
kind than many who are familiar with him 
will at a first glance be able to see. He may 
carry no clothing to naked heathen in sultry 
tropics, but he does provide comfort for many 
needy nearer home, who may be better worth 
saving. He may teach no schools for benight¬ 
ed savages, but he does help people cultivate 
their mental powers for the good of mankind. 
Hemay notcouvertcannibnts, bat his influence 
does lessen want, and sin, and crime among 
the races now spreading over the world (as 
we believe) to mle it to its great benefit. 
How this practical missionary does all these 
great and good things is so easily seen that 
there seems to be scarcely a warrant for tell¬ 
ing the story—and yet it is only a few weeks 
since a paper published in the interest of live¬ 
stock breeders asserted that no bull is worth 
more than—I forget the exact figures, but say 
81,500. It is plain that if he who causes two 
blades of grass to grow where but one grew 
before is a benefactor of his race, he who 
produces 100 pounds of beef where but 75 
pounds were produced before is also the bene¬ 
factor of his kind. If he can improve the 
quality while increasing the quantity he is so 
much the more a benefactor. To the extent 
that he has added to the available supply of 
food for man, be has added in elTect to man's 
income. Increase of income means added 
comfort for the family, better housing, cloth¬ 
ing, and nourishment for children, and from 
these better conditions come better health and 
longer life. Vigorous bodies support energetic 
minds in the effort to get the means where¬ 
with to do the work the world requires of each. 
With increased intelligence comes aptness for 
yet higher culture, and greater and more in¬ 
tense dislike of offences against social, legal, 
or moral laws. With higher and more uni¬ 
versal education there will lie fewer crimes to 
punish, less cumbersome and costly machinery 
of police, of courts, of lawyers, aud of prisons 
to maintain, and there will be fewer paupers 
for the industrious and honest to support. 
Defining the exteut of the infiuence of the 
missionaries under consideration is not easy. 
Men who have practical knowledge of cattle 
growing say that a well-bred bull of the es¬ 
tablished beef breeds will, even when coupled 
with au animal having no improved blood, 
produce offspring that will grow one-half 
faster and make one-quarter more and better 
beef from a specified quautity of food, than 
will an animal in which tbere is uo good blood. 
Thus while a bullock of good breeding will in 
two years grow to a gross weight of 1,500 
pounds and yield about 900 pounds of tender, 
juicy well marbled flesh, nutritious and palat¬ 
able, the scrub \\ ill require much more food 
and from three to four years’ time for making 
a like weight of beef of inferior quality. A 
bull of good milking or butter making race 
will increase the milk or the butter yielding 
capacity of stock so greatly that the 
daughter of a scrub cow coupled with 
such a bull may give quite double the 
quantity that her dam could produce. It 
is by no means difficult to see how important 
a matter this maybe to the individual farmer, 
but I purpose to show iu another paper some¬ 
thing of the extent to which the country at 
large might be affected by a general use of 
pure blood. e. w. perry. 
Chicago, Ill. 
DEHORNING CATTLE. 
I fail to see why the papers are so slow 
about taking up the practice of dehorning 
cattle. I consider the question a vital one to 
all cattle growers. Where do you find one of 
more importance? If dehorning is right then 
the people ought to know about it. I have 
studied the matter for years and convinced 
myself aud hundreds of others that dehorning 
is safe, profitable and not essentially cruel, I 
have stood the test of a trial for cruelty to ani¬ 
mals, aud all the State Humane Society could 
not make up a case against me. Dairymen 
should know that dehornmg saves 25 per cent, 
of hay in Waiter, nil per cent, of shed room, 
50 per cent, of manure, all loss of human life, 
all loss of calves by abortion, and all loss of 
sheep, pigs, cattle and horses by horns. Most 
of those who talk about dehorning cannot tell 
anything about the anatomy of the born. 
Tbere is nothing about it in the books and the 
only way it can be learned is by atudyiug the 
animal’s head. I know that there is a poiut 
where the horn can be cut so that a stub will 
grow. There is another point where no stub 
will grow, and where the paiu and bleeding 
will be so slight that the animal will suffer but 
little. Cut the horn ahove this point and the 
animal will bleed till it falls, These things I 
know because 1 have tried them. I am satisfied 
that my system of dehorning has never been 
practiced before. It is bound to come into gen¬ 
eral practice. h. h. haafk. 
Henry Co., Ill. 
SWISS CATTLE. 
Consul Winchester writes that while in 
pastoral countries generally cattle for milking, 
work and fattening are kept and treated sep¬ 
arately, the Swiss cow is expected to unite all 
these qualities. It is thought that a cow is 
benefited by being worked iu the forenoon. 
The cow’s are driven in harness. A cow that 
does not give 16 quarts of milk at time of calv¬ 
ing is not considered worth keeping. Cheese 
in some parts of the country forms the staple 
article of food. Laborers are often paid in it. 
New’ cheese will sometimes cause illness; in 
that case the patient is treated with old cheese 
on the homoeopathic theory. In 1885 Swit zer¬ 
land sent to the United States8,500,000 pounds 
of cheese. At the district cattle shows, an ex¬ 
amination of all breeding bulls is held. Prize 
bulls cannot be taken out. of the C’auton for at 
least cue year after the show. No unregister¬ 
ed bulls can be used for breeding purposes. 
A prize cow cannot leave the Cautou before 
calving. When auy serious cattle disease 
arises all animals that, may have been liable to 
contagion are placed under supervision; such 
as may be deemed necessary are killed aud 
everything is done to completely stamp out the 
disease. The cattle destroyed are paid for by 
the general government,. How w’oulil a few 
of such rules work here? Suppose we had. for 
example, a County Commissioner to go around 
and knock all scrub bulls on the head. Our 
stock w ould be 50 per cent., better, but what a 
howl there would be about this land of free¬ 
dom ! 
Spaying Heifers. —Among the stock own¬ 
ers all over the country there is a grow ing op¬ 
position to the use ot scrub bulls, and on the 
ranges there is considerable talk iu favor of 
spaving all common and low-grade heifers. 
So long as such heifers are allowed they will 
produce their kind—a poor and unprofitable 
sort, entailing a serious loss of feed each year. 
By spaying a stop would be put to the propa¬ 
gating of inferior stock, nud the spayed um- 
rnals wo ..Id be turned to the most profitable 
use. The risk in spaying would be next to 
nothing in the hands of a skillful operator; 
the cost would be from 50 cents to 81. Spayed 
heifers are usually somewhat smaller but hand¬ 
somer than steers, fatten more readily and 
make just ns good beef. 
Dueskko Meat from the Far West.— That 
uew National Consumers' Meat Company un¬ 
der the control of the Marquis de Mores, which 
begau last July to supply New York with 
dressed beef from Moutaua, is doing a thriving 
business here, in spite of a rigid boycott by 
local butchers. It has two new buildings un¬ 
der construction, and expects by November to 
receive the carcasses of 200 beeves daily. Now 
the daily receipt* are 10 cars uf beef and 10 of 
pork. When all five places are open the com¬ 
ing Winter it expects to dispose of 300 beeves 
and 900 hogs every day. In Bummer Medora 
supplies grass-led cattle, and iu Winter Kan¬ 
sas is to supply corn-fed beef, pork and mut¬ 
ton. The meat is on the road seven days, and 
gets here, it is claimed, iu prime condition. 
The following dates are given for meetings 
of Cattle associations:—Red Polled Cattle 
Club, at Grand Pacific Hotel Chicago, Ills., 
Nov. 17. Devon Cattle Club, at same place 
Nov. 11. Oxford Dow’n Record Association 
at Sherman House Chicago, Nov. 16. Mis¬ 
souri State Short-horn Breeders’ Association 
at Kansas City, Nov. 26. The National Cat¬ 
tle-Growers’ Association of America, will 
meet at the Sherman House Chicago, Monday 
Nov. 12. It is expected that the convention 
w’ill ratify the agreement made last Fall for 
the consolidation of the Chicago and St. Louis 
Associations, under the name of the Consoli¬ 
dated Cattle Growers’ Association of America. 
A call has also been issued for a grand assem¬ 
blage of cattle men from all parts of the 
country at the same place, to commence 
Nov. 16. - 
Relief for Choking Cow. —A choking 
cow can often be relieved by pouring cold 
water into its ear. Take cold water in a 
pitcher or teapot, turn the animal’s head to 
oue side and pour a good stream directly into 
the ear. This will cause the cow to jump and 
shake its head fiercely and the jerking motion 
will often dislodge the obstruction. The idea 
is to make the animal make au effort to free 
itself. The general practice of pushing the 
obstruction down the throat or crushing it 
givesthe animal no chance to help itself. A 
good syringe would be the best thing to force 
the water into the ear with, but few families 
have one ready for use, so the common tea¬ 
pot will answer. farmer's wife. 
There will be a butcher’s contest at the 
Chicago Fat Stock Show. Prizes of 8LOU, 875 
and $50 are offered for the most skillful butch¬ 
ering. In the “scale of points” adopted iu 
this contest 20 are allowed for time and 80 for 
skill in performing the work. The limit is 25* 
minutes. Where the work is done in this 
time, 20 points are scored. For every minute 
over this time two points are dropped, and 
for every minute under two points are 
added. 
Milking Sheep.— There is a strong feeling 
in New Zealand iu favor of milking sheep for 
the purpose of cheese making. Very large 
numbeis of ewes are kept in oue district of 
Fi’ance where the celebrated Roquefort cheese 
is made from their milk. The makiug of 
cheese from ewes’ milk was formerly quite a 
large industry in Scotland. The New Zea¬ 
landers think that by adopting the practice 
dropped by the Scotch, but kept up by the 
French, they will add a very profitable item 
to their exports. 
Loss of Sheep in Bitenos Ayres. —The 
loss of sheep in Buenos Ayres the past Sum¬ 
mer must have considerable influence ou the 
rise in the price of wool. According to the 
latest advices, the number lost was over 20,- 
000,000, valued at $22,500,000, or 12 per cent, 
of the entire value of the flocks and herds in 
’ the whole Province. The disaster was caused 
’by a disease known as “ lung and throat 
worm,” an affliction never before experienced 
iti the Argentine Republic. 
The managers of the St. Louis Fair are 
criticized for appointing two breeders of beef 
cattle as judges of dairy cows. Much dissatis¬ 
faction resulted. It is hard to sec how a man 
who has spent years in developing beef ani¬ 
mals can be a good judge of dairy points. The 
custom at some shows appears to be that of 
selecting judges at random from the visitors. 
It can be readily seeu that such a course gives 
a chance for much dissatisfaction. 
Smiths Powell & Lamb send us a fine 
lithograph of a group of the Clotliilde family of 
Holstein-Friesians. This picture, by Cecil 
Palm- r, is the finest cattle group we have seen. 
It is even superior to the famous group of the 
Aaggie family published two years ago. 
Devon cattle are appearing iu larger num¬ 
bers than ever at the Western fairs. The 
Devons are lino cattle. They are shapely, ser¬ 
viceable aud beautiful—but they have the 
most cruel horns of auy breed 
The latest objection urged against polled 
cattle is that it will be impossible to tell their 
age except by examining their teeth. 
Diunj ijitslnint'n). 
DAIRY NOTES FROM ENGLAND. 
PROFESSOR J. P. SHELDON. 
English opinion of American oleo legislation; 
English views on taxation of food imports; 
protection demanded against fraud not 
competition; bogus butter must be sold as 
such\justice alt round : great depreciation 
of dairy products ; slight improvement late¬ 
ly, fair crops on the whole. 
We are a good deal interested in England 
with the action which has been taken by your 
Congress in respect to artificial butter, its 
manufacture and sale; ami we regard the lan¬ 
guage used by President Cleveland, on .sanc¬ 
tioning the bill, with very considerable satis¬ 
faction. Probably we farmers should not 
wish to impose a tax on butterino made in this 
country, or coming into it; aud even if we 
should our wish would not be easily granted. 
Such a wish, indeed, would be opposed to the 
spirit aud traditions of a free-trading country. 
We admit, in fact, under certain conditions, 
the usefulness, though not the legitimacy, of 
artificial butter. In a country whose popula¬ 
tion greatly exceeds its capacity to produce 
sufficient food, it Is well to tiiiuk twice, and 
many times twice, before the sustenance of 
the people is curtailed by an imposition of tax¬ 
ation. Sndi an act would be regarded by the 
masses of the people (an enormous majority of 
whom are not at all connected with agricul¬ 
ture, save as consumers of agricultural pro¬ 
ducts) as protection in the interests of a class, 
and would consequently bo resented and op¬ 
posed to the uttermost. 
British farmers, indeed, do not ask for pro¬ 
tection, but they ask for fair play. This, of 
course is protection iu a souse, but not in the 
ordinary acceptation of the word. We ask l’or 
protection,not against competition, but against 
fraud. We do not ask for protection that will 
artificially increase the value aud price of our 
products, but we do ask for protection against 
that which artificially decreases the value of 
such products. And as we object, to having 
our -products unfairly depreciated iu price, 
so we do not claim that our great 
competitor, arrant impostor though it be, 
shall be handicapped by a tax. What wo 
ask for is this, viz., that butterine shall be 
sold under a name which will not. deceive any¬ 
body. We do not specially object to the word 
“butterine,” though it is imitative and adven¬ 
titious; but we do object, with all the might 
that is in us, to butterine being sold as butter. 
Our contention is simply this, viz., that all 
artificial butter shall be sold as such, in order 
that people may know what it is they are 
buying. If the public prefer butterine to but¬ 
ter as a throat lubricator, well and good, 
only let them be under no delusion on the 
subject, Butterine, we know, can be made 
and sold for a much smaller price than butter, 
and still yield a handsome profit : therefore 
we say—let it be sold on its merits, and at 
what the public choose to give for it with 
their eyes open. We demand, shortly, that 
every pound or parcel of butterine shall be 
distinctly marked by a name which designates 
its real character and indicates its artificial 
origin, and we would not hesitate to fine a 
man heavily, or imprison him far violating 
the spirit and the letter of this demand. We 
want to protect the public against a secret 
fraud, an insidious imposter, and butter against 
a swindling competitor. This done, the public 
may buy butterine if they prefer it, at. a price 
which is not increased by legislative action, 
and butter must take its chance in the field. 
So far, however, we have not been able to ac¬ 
complish this, though we have tried a time 
or two. The. Irish Homo Rule problem ob¬ 
scures everything else at present; but we iu- 
teud to “peg away” uutil wo have had justice 
done to the dairy ..fanners, and to the public 
too. - 
Meanwhile I am'glad to be able to notify a 
general improvement, though not a great one, 
in the condition of dairy farming. During 
the past 12 or 18 months, butter has been lower 
in price than auy one remembers to have been 
the case before, in this line, in this country. 
Cheese, too, has ruled very low, though l re¬ 
member it lower; ami cattle have gone down 
quite one-third, as compared with three years 
ago. Now. however, there is an all-round 
improvement, though not a great one, and 
farmers are cultivating hope once more. It is 
not to be expected that we shall recover lost 
ground, but if the improvement noted con¬ 
tinues, we shall be able to hold on to what we 
have, aud iu time may get once more into 
smooth water. Bo far we have had an uncom¬ 
monly tine Autumn; stock of all sorts have 
thriven well, aud the grain harvest has been 
a decided success on the whole. The hay crop 
as a rule was not well harvested, owing to the 
wetness of the Summer months; but there is a 
plentiful supply of Winter forage, and of 
grass ou the pastures. As I write, however, 
we are iu almost, hourly expectation of one of 
the storms you are in the habit of sending us, 
and uf which you are good enough to notify us 
beforehand. This may breakup the fine spell 
of weather we are having, aud hasten the ad¬ 
vent of Winter; but we hope it will pass over 
aud have done, leaving no evil legacy behind. 
PORK PACKING. 
COL. F. D. CURTIS. 
There are special and rigid rules in force 
iu connection with the slaughtering, curing 
aud packing of all pork products. Every ani¬ 
mal is inspected before slaughter, to detect 
any uusoundness or disease, as such unsound- 
uess or disease would make it uufitfor pack¬ 
ing. The packer’s own interest would not al¬ 
low of his using any animal of doubtful sound¬ 
ness, as one piece of the same would spoil a 
whole cask or box in which it might be 
packed. 
For the same reasons the hog must be per¬ 
fectly cooled before slaughter, and so must the 
meat before packing. Each piece of meat is 
inspected before pucking and each shoulder 
and ham. Hogs are watered at the slaughter- 
yards, as it helps to keep them cool, aud they 
are also fed. By being fed they are more 
quiet and not so liable to get. heated. There 
are enough .selfish reasons to insure care and 
comfort for hogs in the yards and at the 
slaughter houses, aside from all sanitary rea¬ 
sons. If hogs are uot fed they consume them¬ 
selves, or, in other words, draw for support 
on the internal stores of flesh and fat which 
support Ufa. It is cheaper to give them food 
and so keep them from becoming wasted ou 
the one hand and peevish on the other. The 
slaughtering is done rapidly aud so is the 
dressing, with all the appliances to make 
haste and to do the work well. There are 
rules for cutting to conform to the demands of 
the trade, and some localities, like Cincinnati, 
have special forms. 
The following are the different forms iu 
which pork is cut and barreled. The most com" 
mon form is called “mess pork,” All of the 
others are made from a closer selection of the 
meat and more particular trimming aud pack¬ 
ing. 
Standard Mess Pork should be made 
from the sides of well-fatted hogs, split through 
or ou oue side of the back-bone, an equal pro¬ 
portion being on each side, cut into strips of 
reasonably uniform width, properly flanked 
aud not baekslrapped. One hundred aud 
ninety pounds of green meat, and, between 
March 1st and November 1st, 200 pounds, num- 
