4886 
708 
a 
and shippers, of the utter demoralization of 
the meat interests of the Northwest which 
this strike has made. There were no better 
fed or paid men in the United States than the 
men who went out upon the strike in Chicago 
recently. They havo accomplished nothing, 
have goue back like a lot of whipped curs, 
and actually produced more financial ruin 
than they can ever repay as loug as they 
live. N . w . 
Montana. 
Friedley, Gallatiu Co., November 4, 1830. 
—Our season is open and fair yet Our cold 
weather lasts only front the middle of Decem¬ 
ber to the middle of February; at auy rate that 
is my experience so far. The old settlers all 
claim that the weather has been growing bet¬ 
ter for everal years, and I tell them it is on 
accouut of Eastern men getting in here and 
thawing them out, Snow is two feet deep now 
back a few miles m the mountains; but there 
is none at all ou the line of the river bottom 
land, We have no use at all for sleighs or 
cutters on the river road even in the Winter 
time. Crops have been very fair the past sea¬ 
son. One neighbor of mine had 1,530 bushels 
of oats from 14 acres of measured laud, and a 
good ruauy have had over 60 bushels of wheat 
per acre from large fields of 60 to 10() acres. 
Potatoes run about 250 bushel to the acre aud 
some run as high as 500 bushels. The largest 
yield I have known is from the White Ele¬ 
phant first sent out some years ago in the 
Rural Free Seed Distribution. I have seen 
some that weighed as high as 3b pounds each. 
Some were sent to New Orleans that weighed 
over four pounds. They are really elephants 
in size. I have not tried any for cooking, but 
those that have them say they are good. Tur¬ 
nips, beets and carrots grow to a monstrous 
size. I have lots of White Globe Turnips this 
year that will weigh over 10 pounds each and 
Rutabagas ditto. B. p. van h. 
New York. 
Utica, Oneida Co.. November 15.—The 
cheese market was u little slow aud several 
good factories sold completely out. Skims 
will begin to appear more plentifully soon. 
Full cream sold Monday at 12 to 12 % cents. 
Total number of sales 7,338 boxes, ruliugat 
11^ cents. There will bo but three more sale 
days, the last lieiug December 6. Little Falls 
sold 3,764 boxes, ruling at 12 cants. There is 
still plenty of poor stock of butter in market, 
with slow sales and plenty of this kind offered. 
Best butter is rare aud brings readily 24 and 
25 ceuts; good creamery 26. There were 200 
packages brought in last week, for which 22 
to 25 cents were paid; bulk at 23 aud 24. Still 
no market for hops, although dealers say a 
break will come before the holidays. Grow¬ 
ers are holding lor 25 aud 30 cents hops that 
will eventually have to bo sold for 15 to 20. 
Some hops bought here for 20 cents awhile 
ago will not bring 12 uow. The State crop is 
in a rather hopeless condition. Choice hops 
will readily bring 25 to 30 ceuts, but there 
are none offered. Most of them rate from 
poor to fair. r. l. 
Virginia. 
Richmond, Henrico Co., November 15,— 
There has been rather a butter business done 
this week than last in bright old tobacco 
wrappers, and the opinion is strengthening 
that the new crop will be of poor, defective 
quality, although breaks of new have beeu 
too small to fairly tost the question. Cutters 
have again sold w 11, and it now appears 
that there is nothing reliable aud fine to be 
had, new or old, under 25 ceuts, and from this 
up into the thirties. Fine bright fillers are in 
better demand, but all medium and common 
grades are dull. Old dark tobaeeoes show uo 
disposition to move, and the market for such 
is without Interesting features. The receipts 
of new have not yet commenced, aud will not 
perhaps for several weeks yet, when planters 
will want to sell a little anyhow for Christmas 
money. The market has not been such lately 
that tobacco could be handled for market. 
Tlvre is some demand for bright English ship¬ 
ping. T, H. E. 
ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. 
[Every query must be accompanied by the name 
and address of the writer to insure attention. Before 
asking a question, please see If It Is not answered In 
our advertising columns. Ask only a few questions at 
one time. Hut quest ions on a separate piece of paper. 
WINTERING FARROW COWS. 
•/. G. G., Hornellsvillc, N. Y .—I have a half 
dozen young thrifty cows that have failed to 
get with calf and am offered only $20 for 
them. I have plenty of coarse fodder, but 
there is a scarcity of hay. If I sell these cows 
now I shall have to buy others in Spring to 
take their places, and if I milk them through 
the Winter they will give but comparatively 
little milk next Summer. What course would 
be most advisable? 
Ans.—T he best thing you can possibly do 
with this class of cows is to put them into 
good warm quarters—so warm that frost will 
never be seeu inside. Feed them all they will 
eat of a mixture of corn meal three parts, oil 
meal one part, and bran one part, all by 
weight. Also give them all the coarse fodder 
they wish aud a moderate feed each day of 
hay—clover hay if you have it. If you have 
plenty of roots give each cow from a peck to a 
half basket of sliced roots daily; if no roots 
are provided, wet up the provender with hot 
water 12 hours before feeding, keeping in a 
comparatively warm place. If you can get 
three ceuts or more per quart sell the milk; 
if not, make gilt-edged butter aud send it to 
some first-class dealer in some large city, 
using the skim-milk for feeding pigs or last 
Spring’s calves, using, besides, plenty of grain. 
We think the milk or butter will consider¬ 
ably more than pay for all the feed, and the 
cows, if crowded as they should be, would sell 
in Spring for beef at more thau twice the 
price at which they can now be sold, and 
probably for more than you would have to 
pay for other cows eoming fresh. This gives 
something to do in the Winter. It keeps ou 
the farm the feed raised there aud puts ou 
several tons besides, aud if no more, saves at 
least $20 on each cow, which would be the dif¬ 
ference between what you could sell them for 
now, and what you would have to pay for 
others next Spring. 
BLACKBERRIES. 
C.L. V,, Orient, N. Y. —1. What varieties of 
blackberries would be best for a half acre for 
home market? 2. Will wild blackberries sell 
readily at 10 ceuts a quart for eating and can¬ 
ning purposes? Would it be profitable to 
raise blackberries for market at that price? 
3. I have a few plants already, how' can I 
propagate new plants? 
Ans.— 1. At present, for your soil aud cli¬ 
mate, we must select for you the Kittatiuny 
for the most part. If you choose to protect 
your plants, we should add Early Harvest, 
because of its earliuess and handsome berry. 
We are uot as yet prepared to recommend any 
of the new kinds. 2. Yes, it would be profit¬ 
able to raise blackberries to sell at 10 ceuts per 
quart; but in many parts of the country dur¬ 
ing the past season that price could not be ob¬ 
tained. 3. Make root cuttings three mebes 
loug and put them in a box. first a layer of 
saud, then a cutting, etc. Bury the box in a 
well-drained soil aud plant in the Spring. Or 
you may wait until Spring, and make aud 
plant the cuttings then. 
MANURING WHEAT. 
J. E., Keokuk, la .—I have a piece of wheat 
which when put in this Fall I was able to man¬ 
ure only in part. The land is clay and saud 
with a ret! clay subsoil. The part which was 
manured before seeding looks much better 
thau that which was not. I also sowed Timo¬ 
thy with the wheat and have a good stand so 
far. I have on hand and can get for hauling 
21 .( miles all the coarse stable manure made 
from horses aud cows. I have also about 50 
loads of well-rotted manure made from hogs, 
sheep, horses and cows Would you advise 
me to draw and spread this mauure ou uow. 
or if not now, when should it be done, if at all? 
Ans.—W e should spread after the land is 
frozen hard. It should be spread very evenly. 
A Clod lviug upon a wheat plant will kill it. 
It may be doubted whether it is well to spread 
long, coarse mauure ou whea t plants at all. 
But the “well rotted mauure from hogs ” etc., 
will unquestionably help the wheat if evenly 
distributed and not so heavily as to smother 
the plauts. We speak from our own experi- 
euee. In any ease our friend should avail 
himself of the manure at a cost of hauling it 
2 1 , miles, lie will uever regret it eveu though 
half the Whiter be given to the work. 
YEARLINGS AND UNDER. 
C. ID. O ., Little Hocking , O .—When dot's a 
pig erase to be a pig? Can au exhibitor at a 
fair show three-montha-oli 1 pigs with hogs, 
say, one or two pigs with three hogs when 
the entry says, “four hogs or more.” lu au- 
other ease one man had a sow with suckling 
pigs by her side, and another had three- 
months-old pigs, and the former claimed that 
the three-months oltl pigs were uot pigs but hogs. 
ANSWERED BY COL. F, D. CURTIS. 
With horses, cattle and sheep the young are 
called yearlings when one year old aud under 
two, end are so recognized by buyers aud sell¬ 
ers, and by the rules of agricultural societies. 
Previous to that age they are culled colts, 
calves aud lambs, as the case may lie. By the 
same rule a pig should be called a pig until it 
is a year old, when it may very properly be 
denominated a hog. A number of pigs and 
hogs should be called swine, just as calves, 
cows, steers aud other stock are called cattle, 
and lambs, ewes and rams are called sheep. 
It will be improper to class young suckling 
pigs as hogs, and the same objection would 
hold for not considering pigs three months old 
as pigs. Joseph Harris, in his work on swine, 
preferred to use the word “pig” instead of hog, 
aud on this account mixed the terms, and if 
his example is followed it will always lead to 
confusion. We do not have in our American 
list of words any special oues to denote 
swine of certain ages, as they do in foreign 
tongues. The term shote menus young hogs 
in a growing condition. It includes pigs un¬ 
der one year of age, and stands for young 
store hogs. The latter word applies to any 
animals kept for moderate growth and de¬ 
signed to be kept through the Winter. It is 
used in contradistinction to stock intended 
for more immediate slaughter. 
APPLE-TREE-ROOT LICE. 
./. ID. K, Valley Station, Ky. —I send here¬ 
with specimens of apple seedlings from my 
nursery, which failed to grow, while many 
have died, involving a heavy loss; what is the 
cause, and is there a remedy? 
ANSWERED BY PROFESSOR A. J. COOK. 
On the underground stem, just beneath the 
earth, are seen on each plant a large number 
of white, woolly aphides. The insects are 
Schizoneura lanigera, or apple-root lice. They 
are easily told by the bluish-white, woolly 
covering which makes them very conspicu¬ 
ous. They suck at the stem, and are often 
very harmful to the apple-trees. I have 
found that all aphides are quick to succumb 
when treated with the kerosene emulsion. We 
make it as follows; One quart of soft soap, 
oue gallon of water, all heated to the boiling 
point, when one pint of kerosene is stirred 
tbm’oughly into the mixture. While this kills 
all plaut lice, I have not found it injurious to 
an}* plants, or even foliage. In case of these 
apple-tree-root lice, I would turn the liquid 
mixture on to the stem just as it enters 
the earth. It would follow down the roots 
and kill the lice. There would be no dauger 
of using it too freely. If used in quantity it 
could be made with little labor. 
MAKING CIDER VINEGAR. 
Jf. -4. T., Moawequia, III .—How should 
cider vinegar be made? 
Ans. —It is always desirable to have some 
old cider vinegar to start the new. When 
making vinegar from new eider, in new bar¬ 
rels, pour into each two gallons of old cider 
vinegar, and laying the barrels on their sides, 
with the bungs out, fill them only half full 
with the new cider, which should first be fil¬ 
tered through sand, or strained through flannel 
strainers. Tack netting over the bung-holes 
to exclude insects, place the barrels in a sunuy 
spot, and the process of vinegar-making will 
go on rapidly, so long as the temperature does 
uot fall below 45 degrees. --Vs cold weather 
approaches, if the acidifying process has been 
well forwarded, a part of the barrels may be 
nearly filled from the rest, aud placed in the 
cellar with the bungs loose. In the Spring 
the vinegar will generally be found fully 
made. Only ripe apples are fit to make vin¬ 
egar from. 
SOCIALIST AND COMMUNIST. 
R. H. L., Newark, N. J. —What, if any, is 
the difference between a Socialist and Com¬ 
munist? 
Ans. —Socialism is a theory which advocates 
a thorough change or reform of the social rela¬ 
tions of mankind, and one who advocates this 
is a Socialist. Communism in theory pro¬ 
poses a similar change by reorganization, aud 
the Communist insists, perhaps a little more 
strongly than the moderate Socialist, on an 
absolute community of property. Webster 
defines cotumuuism as socialism, but the gen¬ 
eral understanding in the use of the two words 
is that the Communist is a little more radical 
in his views as to methods, and would effect 
the change proposed, if need bo, by more vio¬ 
lent means. “Scratch a Russian and you find 
a Tartar,” said the first Napoleon: aud within 
the fairest exterior of either Socialism or 
Communism there lurks the spirit of Anarchy 
ready to express itself in deeds of blood uuder 
very little provocation. 
Miscellaneous. 
ID. N.J., Montrose, Colo .—The specimens 
of barley sent us for name, arrived m such bad 
order that we could uot identify the variety. 
The Monshury is a strong grower and grows 
much taller and with a broader, darker leaf 
than other barley. It. has a long, full head, 
large kernels and on each side of the kernel 
there is a dark stripe, at least until the grain 
is fully ripe. It ripens a week at least later 
than ordiuary six-rowed barley. It can uow 
be obtaiued of most large seedsman or of H. 
M. Jacques, Lockport, N. Y. 
C. ID. <?., Canterbui'y, Conn ,—Should Ni¬ 
agara grape-vines be protected bere through 
the Winter? Out of 13 seedlings from the Ni¬ 
agara seed sent me by the Rural, I saved 
only one which bore four or five nice but small 
clusters the past season, 
Ans.— Yes, it would be better to protect 
them. Lay the canes down and hold them 
there by any sufficient weight. Cover them 
lightly. A good plan is to lay over them the 
twigs, etc., from cuttings of trees or ever¬ 
greens. Your seedling may do better another 
year. It is never safe to judge of seedling fruit 
the first bearing year. 
ID. R. H.. Kingston, N. J .—Which is the 
best time of the year to top-dress sod with 
commercial fertilizer, to Improve the yield of 
hay? 
Ans —In the Spring. If you could sow it 
on the snow just before the last thaw, then you 
would get it about right. If this is not prac¬ 
ticable, sow it as early in the Spring as possi¬ 
ble. 
L. M. 17., Newark, Ohio.— What are cotted 
fleeces? 
Ans, —Cotted fleeces as they come to market 
are more or less closely felted on the sheared 
side, often the feeling being so solid that it is 
impossible to separate the fibers, without de¬ 
stroying them. Such fleeces are in a solid 
piece as if woven. They are known as hard 
eotts and are intrinsically worth perhaps one- 
half a healthy fleece of like grade. Soft cotts 
are such as allow the fibers to be opened with¬ 
out breaking or destroying them. 
ID. E, B., Washeta, Kans.—Wh&t is the 
standard weight of a bushel of ripe tomatoes, 
and do the canning factories buy according to 
this weight? 
Ans.— The recognized weight of a bushel of 
ripe tomatoes is 60 pounds. The canning fac¬ 
tories generally pay 25 cents per bushel of 
this weight. 
J. ID. R., Darre, Mass .—Is the Victoria an 
early or late-ripening grape? 
Ans.— It ripens at the Rural Grounds just 
with Concord, or possibly a day or so later. 
H. B. C., Rambelt , Kans. —Law's Farmers’ 
Veterinary Adviser, $3, published by Dr. 
James Law, Ithaca. N. Y.. is probably the 
best veterinary work of its size extant. 
DISCUSSION. 
HOW THE RURAL BRANCHING SORGHUM WAS 
CALLED MILLO MAIZE. 
J. H. A., Augusta, Georgia.—A mistake 
was made in a late Rural as to the origin of 
the name “Millo Maize.” There was uever 
any one of the name Millo connected with it. 
Pratt, a missionary from Honduras, first 
introduced it into uppers. C. in 1377-3, giving 
it away under the name of Honduras Corn! 
I got the seed of Satterthwait. of Aiken, who, 
I lielieve supplied the Rural— that was pedi¬ 
gree sred direct from Pratt's hands. In 1381, 
Pratt, the missionary, and his brother Chas. 
Pratt conceived au idea of making money out 
of the seed, having before that time written of 
it only as a thing Pratt bad given away. They 
advertised the seed then for the first time as 
“Millo Maize” at $2.00 per pound, aud the Rev. 
Mr. Pratt explained that “Millo” iMeel-yo) 
signified “bread” in the native dialect— 
bread Corn, the staple food in Honduras. I 
bad also advertised the seed locally at 2S cents 
per pound, as the seed introduced by the Rev. 
Mr. Fratt, autl did so innocently, ascribing to 
him full credit for the introduction of it, 
that being all he claimed or wanteo, so far as 
I had ever heard. 
I discovered the Pratts had applied at the 
Patent Office for registration of the name 
“Millo Maize” with proprietary rights, exclud¬ 
ing others from using that name. I filed my 
showing and defeated the registration. 
Previous to that controversy, the Rural had 
the seed, aud had named it Rural Branching 
Sorghum, ami I was fully aware of the iden¬ 
tity of the Rural seed with mineand Pratt’s, 
and I set out evidences of that fact at the 
Patent Office also. 
“Millo Maize” was, thou, a new name devised 
by the Pratts with a view to exclude others 
from the sale of this seed, for their own profit. 
CostMCMCATio.-is Received for thk Wkkk Esdiso 
November 20, ISS6. 
T. H. H. -A. H. G,—G. W. R., apple rec’d.—C. L. Y.— 
G. E. B. - J. W. K.—S. W. Hutton, plants rec’d., thanks. 
—W. E. B.-W. B„ thanks.—F. M. V.—O. S. B.-J. O. L. 
A. L. C.—D. A. F.—W T. T.—A. O. B.. answer by mail 
to Derby, Vermont—L. W. 1*.. thanks.—F. B. B.—E. S. 
M.-F. H. R„ thanks,—G. \Y. C.—M. B. P.-J. P. S., 
thanks.-F. G.-G. E. M.-F. A. L.-S. W. G.. thanks.— 
C. O.-J. H. R., thanks. J. L. B.-F. G.—J. J. A.— F. J. 
W.-P. E., thanks. -E. W. H.-W. T. M. 
pi.scelUutcous' ‘JUmtising. 
DIXON’S ‘Carburet of Iron" Stove Polish was 
established la 1027, and Is to-day, as it was then, the 
neatest and brightost In the market; a pure plu noa.ro, 
giving ott no poisonous vapors. The size is uow donO- 
£?-1 and ease weighs nearly half a pound, but the quail- 
re aud price remain the same. Ask your goooer for 
Dixon's big cake. 
