THE BUBAL 
■YOBKfB, 
impossible to have themTitoo fat for lamb 
raising. and the fatter they are the better the 
lambs will do; so on the other hand, if warm¬ 
ly housed, all the green food'they will eat is 
none too much. What the cause of unthrift 
in the lambs was cannot be told with so little 
knowledge of the conditions. 3, The whole 
problem in utilizing such waste products lies 
in how best to preserve them. To stack the. 
cabbage with straw does not prevent the frost 
from breaking up its tissue aud ruining its 
feeding value, and,'besides, when frozen solid 
it is not suitable food for any stock, much less 
for preguant ewes. It can be ensilaged; but 
then it is doubtful if it would pay to build a 
silo, however cheap, for the preservation of u 
single crop. We have ofteu tried to grow 
cabbage for sheep food; in fact, we have now 
several thousand heads for which we have no 
profitable market, and we have always found 
it very difficult to keep it in good order much 
beyond the middle of January The best way 
we have ever tried is to place it very thickly, 
heads up. in a sheltered spot uear the barn, 
and on this place a second, third, aud even 
fourth layer, letting the stalks of each layer 
pass down between the heads of the next one 
beneath; the top layer we reverse, letting the 
stalks stick up. Over the whole we throw a 
foot of dry straw, and over this another foot 
of wet straw, swale hay, or even coru-stalks. 
This excludes nearly all frost, aud by commen¬ 
cing at oue side it can be easily taken out, and 
in very severe weather we remove to the barn 
one day's ratiou in advance, aud here it be¬ 
comes thawed and in good feeding condition. 
The sheep will eat it, stalks aud all, except the 
very roots. 
SEEDING FOR A PERMANENT PASTURE. 
E. L. FI., Downs e Me, .V. Y .—I have a piece 
of newly cleared, dry, hill land, which I wish 
to convert into a permanent pasture. The 
timber was beech, birch, maple, basswood, 
ash, etc*., which was mostly burned on the 
ground. There was much old, rotted hemlock 
on it. It is sowed to rye; uow, what grasses 
aud how much of each shall I sow for a per¬ 
manent pasture, aud when shall I sow it? 
Axs.—In seeding for a permanent pasture 
two things should be fully provided for. The 
land should be tilled with plants and the mix¬ 
ture should contain varieties that bloom mil 
mature at different times, so that the stock 
can always "get« fresh bite.” Where n sin¬ 
gle kind of grass is sowu, or only two or three 
together, as is the general custom, very many 
vacant spaces occur and these furnish no feed. 
If we examine an old pasture, we shall find, 
no doubt, from a dozen to ‘3d varieties of 
grasses on a single square foot, and each grow¬ 
ing as vigorously and furnishing as much feed 
as though growing alone, and were we to re¬ 
move all these except one, it would never fill 
the space aud would furnish very little if any 
more feed than it now does. As a rule, seed 
enough is sown, but it does not contaiu a suf¬ 
ficient number of varieties. Most people in 
stocking down use oue peek of Timothy seed 
containing over 13 .dU 0 .iii hi seeds, aud 10 pounds 
of clover containing 2,500,000 seeds. This gives 
over 300 seeds to the square foot, but for some 
reasons these grasses will uot grow so thickly, 
aud soon a sufficient number perish so as to 
leave mauy bare spots, and these detract very 
much from the value of the pasture. If peo¬ 
ple used the same quantity of seed, but made 
it up of half-a-dozen varieties of grasses, 
they would uot only cover the ground better, 
but would have grasses maturing at different 
periods and much more palatable to the stock. 
The growth of timber would indicate that the 
laud is good and strong, and we should advise 
the using of the following mixture: Timothy, 
four pounds; Kentucky Blue Grass (June 
Grass), seven pounds; Orchard Grass, four 
pounds; Red Top, four pounds; Perennial 
Rye Grass, four pouuds; Mammoth Red 
Clover six, and White Clover four pounds. 
This is somewhat more seed than is usually 
sown, but is none loo much. fc5ow the Timothy, 
Red Top and Blue Grass seeds at once and the 
balance early in the Spring, and then don’t 
pasture uiuii next season, and not at all till 
after the fall rains have given the grass a 
good start. 
SWINE PLAGUE. 
W. J. Q., Knowlton, S'. ./.—Like the farm¬ 
ers hereabout 1 have lost several hogs by a 
disease the symptoms of which varies indiffer¬ 
ent localities—but the outcome is always 
death. My hogs wore first attacked with pro¬ 
fuse bleeding at the nose, distress in t he head, 
indicated by their hutting against objects, 
followed by paralysis of tOe hind-quarters, 
either spine or legs, extreme prostration, re¬ 
fusal to eat, aud high fever. After several 
days the skin turned very red, dually becom¬ 
ing u deep purple, with blotches of still deeper 
color. The uuimals uttered frequent sharp 
squeals as though in great pain; they acted 
erratically, turning half somersaults, etc.' 
Death soon followed. The losses in this sec¬ 
tion have been v ery heavy, and no amount of 
isolation, change of quarters, fumigation or 
medicine has given the slightest protection or 
relief. What is the trouble ? 
ANSWERED BV F. L. KILBORN. 
Some of the symptoms certainly point to 
swine plague—“hog cholera"—as the disease 
affecting your animals: while the other symp¬ 
toms are rather equivocal. But in different 
outbreaks of this disease the symptoms are 
often so varied that we are beginning to be¬ 
lieve that almost any symptom may be. and 
occasionally is, a concomitant of this disease. 
In fact it may be said that there are really no 
satisfactory diagnostic symptoms that are at 
all coustant. The one character by which the 
disease can most satisfactorily be distinguish¬ 
ed, aud which is more constant than any 
other (and even this is not constant, although 
nearly so) is the post-mortem lesions found in 
the caecum and upper colon of the large intes¬ 
tines. Here on the mucous surface there will 
almost invariably be fouud, either deep con¬ 
gestion or ulceration, or both, esjieeially about 
the ilio-cteeal valve, where the small intestine 
joius the large. Two or tliree post-mortems 
at the most would always be sufficient to 
recognize the disease, while one Ls usually suf¬ 
ficient, It would be well to examine the in¬ 
terior of the large intestines, especially the 
etecum or blind pouch, and about the ilio- 
eoecum valve, aud if ulceration is found, or 
in recent acute cases only deep reddening of 
the mucous membrane, the disease is swine- 
plague. Treatment of the sick animals is very 
unsatisfactory, as well as unprofitable, ex¬ 
cept perhaps in the case of very valuable 
breeding stock. They remain so long un¬ 
thrifty, usually from several months to a year 
or more, that it is better to kill all diseased 
animals at once, and direct the attention to pre¬ 
ventive measures to check the further spread¬ 
ing of the disease? Separate the healthy from 
the sick, and remove them at least several rods 
away to wiud ward.if possible. Feed twice daily 
in the food of each animal oue year old and 
older, 20 drops of sulphuric acid and "ue-hulf 
dram of sulphate of iron. Pigs three months 
old may receive one-eighth, and those six 
months old, one-fourth of this amount. If 
treatment of the sick animals is desirable, 
they may receive the same dose. Watch the 
healthy animals daily, and remove any show¬ 
ing the first signs of illness. Any pen uot yet 
infected, aud all new arrivals should be very 
carefully guarded, so that dogs, rats, fowls, or 
other small animals cannot pass from the sick 
to the healthy. If possible, have a special at¬ 
tendant to care for the healthy auimals; 
otherwise always care for the healthy first and 
the sick last, and then do not go near the 
healthy again until necessary hi feed. Give 
sjiecial attention to the hygienic surroundings 
of the uuimals; the pen should be clean and 
comfortable; the food wholesome. It is bet¬ 
tor not to allow the auimals the run of a yard, 
because of the difficulty of disinfecting it. 
All dead animals aud their products should be 
deeply buried or burned. Disinfect all in¬ 
fected pens, as well as everything else with 
which the siek animals have come iu contact, 
with a two-per-cent, solution of sulphuric acid, 
one-half pint of the strong acid to each three 
gallons of water. If, on examination of the 
dead animals, the above lesions are not found, 
writ© to us aguiu, telling what lesions are 
fouud. 
A GOOD WIND-MILL; SHEARING WETHERS FDR 
WINTER FEEDING. 
W. T. T., Salisbury, N. C. —1. What wind¬ 
mill is the best for pumping water for stock 
from a well Til feet deep? 2. I am fattening 
sheep for spring market, aud expect to keep 
them in warm stables; when would it be best 
to shear them ? 
ANSWERED BV J. S. WOODWARD. 
1. I have never used all the styles of wind¬ 
mills, and would uot like to say which is best; 
iu fact, I could uot tell if 1 would. 1 have 
had an iron turbine made by Mast, Foos & 
Co., iu use now some 10 years, and it works 
perfectly—costing nothing beyond t he little oil 
needed. It pumps from an S'J-foot well into 
a tank standing 13 feet troni the ground all 
the water needed for 300 sheep, *10 cows, 13 
horses. 00 hogs and for two houses, aud could 
pump twice as much easily if needed. 2. it 
the sheep being fed are mature wethers, and 
are to be sold before April, 1 w ould not ad¬ 
vise shearing for the reason that without the 
wool the sheep could uot be moved safely iu 
all kinds of weather. [ would apply the crude 
petroleum and salt fat mixt ure to kill the ticks. 
The stublos should be' fully ventilated and 
kept at about 50 degrees Fahrenheit. If 
l sheared any it would be only a few by way 
of experiment, watching them very carefully, 
1 have never tried shearing wethers for winter 
feeding, as 1 do not use any such; but I would 
really tike to have some oue who does feed 
them try the experiment. If the sheep Mr. T. 
has are lambs or breeding ewes they should be 
shorn some time iu December. I shall com¬ 
mence to shear mine, beginning on the lambs, 
the first week in December, intending to get 
through before New Year’s. After shearing, 
the stables should be kept at from 55 to 00 de¬ 
grees Fahrenheit aud well ventilated; but all 
current® of cold air must be prevented from 
blowing upon the sheep. One of the most im¬ 
portant points to be looked after with winter- 
shorn sheep is a full supply of fresh air with¬ 
out currents, 
IMPORTING SHEEP FROM ENGLAND. 
E. J. G., Clifton, N. Y. —1. What is the 
probable cost of importing 10 Hampshire 
Down ewes? What is the best time to bring 
them over? Could they be transported from 
the mild English to the severe American Win¬ 
ter if blanketed on reaching our shores? 
Ans.—T he cost of importing sheep from 
England will vary considerably as the import¬ 
er may be experienced or otherwise. If a per¬ 
son comes out with the sheep, there will be 
his passage, about *30 at least, and the freight 
on the sheep, which will not be less than ?10 
per head. In addition there will be the ex¬ 
pense of feeding the sheep, which will be but 
small. By taking the right means to have the 
sheep certified by the American Consul in 
England as imported for breeding purposes, 
for which a small fee is paid, there will be no 
import duty. The whole costof importingthe 
10 sheep will no doubt come up to *150, unless 
some specially favorable circumstances can be 
made available. There are various risks to 
be met in importing sheep, from the buying 
of them to the getting of them home; in the 
acclimatizing of them and in getting Inferior 
animals unless high prices are paid, so that as 
there are excellent Hampshires to be procured 
without the cost and risk of importing them, 
it would be far wiser to procure them here. 
Mr. James Wood of Braewold. Mount Kisco, 
Westchester Co., N. Y., has the best flock in 
America, of these sheep. 
Miscellaneous. 
E. D. H., Miller's Cornels, S’. ).—What is 
the best feed for fattening lambs? I have 
corn, clover hay and small potatoes; would 
it be absolutely necessary to get anything 
e se? They are May lambs and not very 
large: how much feed each would they re¬ 
quire? Would wheat bran be a good feed? 
Ans.—S pring lambs should have been put 
under feeding two months ago. “An animal 
well summered is half wintered" and lambs 
which have been fed since the pasture begun 
to fall off should uow be large and in good 
condition aud half fattened. It is a question 
now if it would not be better to make wethers 
of the male lambs and feed them so as to keep 
them growing fairly well and turn them off 
from good pasture next year. If it is desired 
for some good purpose, to fatten them as well 
as they can be uow, they should be given all 
the hay they will eat three times a day, and 
corn and bran morning aud evening; half a 
pint per bead at each meal will be sufficient. 
Potatoes are not of much use iu fattening 
sheep: good clover hay free from mold, sound 
corn, coarsely chopped, and bran are all that 
are required. Fresh, pure water from a well 
should not be forgotten, and a little salt twice 
a week. A clean, dry yard aud a cover from 
storms are necessary. 
E. B., Webb's Mills. .V. Y.—Where can I 
get a whitfietree neck-yoke, and is it a practi¬ 
cal device for plowing in uu orchard. 
Ans. —We suppose you rnoau an arrange¬ 
ment for plowing young orchards, which does 
away with the use of whitttetrees aud the dan¬ 
ger of injury to the trees by their use. If so, 
we know of nothing so good as the Sherwood 
harness, made by Sherwood Harness Co., of 
Syracuse. N. Y. It is made of steel and is 
suspended under the horses, near their fore¬ 
legs. It is light, strong, durable and very 
bandy even for plowing, and there is no pos¬ 
sibility of “barking” the youngest trees by its 
use. We have used a similar device and can¬ 
not see bow we could get along without it. 
H”. E. B.. Wicheta, Kail. Will liuie, plas- 
ter-of-Paris and salt hasten the growth of cab¬ 
bages and iucrease their size; 
Ans.—I n certain soils, either liuie or salt 
maif have the effect to liberate plant food not 
otherwise immediately available. Without 
entering upon further particulars, we should 
reply “ No” to the above inquiry. 
L , IV., Grimsby, Out., Can .—Ardisia ereu- 
ulata can be bought of Peter Henderson, New 
York, or John Saul, Washington. D. C. 
COMMUNICATIONS RSCKlVtCLI FOR TIIR WkSk ENDIN'11 
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CONGRESS, IU TTONand LACE, all Styles of 
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