M 
cl-arke’s travels. 
something for him to be informed, there still exists sufficient 1 
evidence of Homer’s frequent allusion to this particular terri* j 
lory, to remove, from the mind of any admirer of truth, all i 
doubt upon the subject. 
We landed at Koum-Jcale , literally signifying Sand-castle , 
and hired horses for our expedition. The neck of land on 
which this place has been built is usually considered of recent 
formation, and it is true, that no soil has been yet accumula¬ 
ted. The castle stands, as its name implies, upon a founda¬ 
tion of sand ; but it may be noticed, that the rapidity with 
which the waters of the Hellespont pass these straits, must pre* 
vent any considerable deposit from the river near its mouth. 
CHAP. IV. 
THE PLAIN OF TROY. 
General Observations on the Topography of Grecian Cities — 
Evidence of the Trojan War independent of Homer—Identic 
ty of the Plain—Importance of the Text of Strabo—Plan 
of the Author's Expedition—River Menders -Tomb of 
Ajax—-Cement used in the Ai anteum— Plants—Halil El¬ 
ly- — Inscription — Thymbreek — Tchiblack—-Remarkable 
Ruins—Probable Site o/' Pagus Iliensium —and of Cal* 
licolone —Route from the Beyan Mezaley —Ancient 
Sepulchre and Natural Mound—Opinion concerning Simo - 
'is—Prevalent Errors with regard to Scamander—Ruins by 
the Callieat Osmack— Inscriptions—Village of Calli- 
fat — Medals—Remains of New Ilium. 
A peculiar circumstance characterized the topography of 
the cities of ancient Greece; and this, perhaps, has not been 
considered so general as if really was* Every metropolis pos¬ 
sessed its citadel and its plain ; the citadel as a place of refuge 
during war; the plain as a source of agriculture in peace. 
To this were some exceptions, as in the instance of Delphi, 
whose celebrity originated in secondary causes ; but they Were 
few, and may be omitted. In the provinces of Greece, at this 
day,, the appearance caused by a plain, flat as the surface of i- 
