Clarke’s travels. 
/ 
in the whole of this route fthey are very abundant in and abo# 
the town of Turkman^. As we drew nigh to this place, the i 
view of Gargams, the highest of all the chain of mountains be- 
longing to Ida, appeared in great grandeur; but so invested 
•by snow, that we entertained great fear of being unable to 
reach its summit. The north wind blowing at the same time 
piercingly, we had reason to apprehend our difficulties would 
rather increase than diminish. We continued our journey, 
however, and arrived at Turkmanle. Here we experienced 
that cleanly hospitality, and simple welcome, often character!- i 
aing the inhabitants of mountainous districts. Oui host receiv¬ 
ed ns in a large and airy room, upon whose spacious hearth he 
had heaped together the entire trunks of trees, all of which 
were in a blaze. A sheep was instantly hilled, and dressed ; 
not only for cor present meal, but to serve as provision for 
our journey, instead of torches or candles, lighted splinters 
of wood were used. The interior of our chamber reminded 
us of the halls of our oldest English mansions; in which all the 
members of the family, from the highest to the lowest, met to¬ 
gether. I have often suspected that our ancestors borrowed 
the style of their dwelling houses from the east, during the cru¬ 
sades. The custom of suspending armour, weapons, and in¬ 
struments for the chacc, upon the walls, is quite oriental; so is 
that of the raised platform, for superior guests, constituting the 
upper extremity of the apartment. To these may be added 
the small panneled wainscot, full of little cupboards, and the lat¬ 
ticed windows, nearer to the roof than to the floor. Several 
of the inhabitants came to pay their respects, and welcome the 
strangers. They had never before seen Englishmen ; but they 
gave us an account of certain Frenchmen, who had endeavour¬ 
ed, without success, to visit the top of Gargams, which they 
called Kaztfaghy. From this place a road leads to Beyram , 
anciently Asses, upon the AdraWyttian Gulph, now called 
Ydramit. The mins of Assos were described to us as sufficient 
to employ any person two days in a mere survey. Many in¬ 
scriptions are said to exist there, hitherto unobserved by Eu¬ 
ropean travellers. 
Half an hour after leaving Tuffcmanle we came to Bonar- 
baaliy of Beyramitch , the second place we had seen of that 
name; and so called, like the first, from its vicinity to the 
fountain head of some very remarkable warm springs, three of 
which gush with great violence from artificial apertures, into a 
marble reservoir entirely constructed of ancient materials* v 
