120 
clarke’s travels, 
ier end of April, or beginning of May, At length we arrived- 
at the entrance ot a cave formed with great art, partly in ih€ 
solid rock, and partly with stone and stucco, in the side of the 
mountain. Within this cave is an arched passage ; at the bot¬ 
tom of this the water flows through a narrow channel, clear as 
may have hastened the destruction of this building. We find Lorenzo Anania, in his 
Cosmography, Venet. 1576, writing of it in these terms : Appare ancora qnalche ruina 
eon non poca mamviglia deirisguardanti : but it does not appear upon what authority 
this is stated. Without offering any conjecture, I shall describe what remains of an¬ 
tiquity I observed here.. Those who wish to see the form of the ancient Mausoleum, 
may consult the twenty-sixth volume of the Acad, des Inscriptions , where Caylus has 
attempted a delineation of it, from Pliny. 
“ About four hundred yards fro®'the castle, to the east, are six Doric columns,, 
fluted, supporting an architrave : the ground seems to have been raised roundabout 
them, as they are little more than seven feet in height. In the yard of a Turk’s, 
house, close by, are some fragments of pillars, tinted; and, what is very singular, in the 
fluted -parts are large Greek letters, beautifully cut. 
“ I copied on one the wordsXap^npou, LA&nVpMpou, and jiaparou, part, probably,, 
of the name Demaratus ; who were, doubtless, persons commemorated in this manner. 
In this instance, the pillar, bearing the names, is circular; but the Athenians were 
accustomed to inscribe square pillars to the memory of wise and virtuous men, in. 
large letters. Hence a man of probity among them was termed TJTpd^covos dvnp. 
“ 1 traced the ancient walls of the city of Halit arnassus for some distance, begin¬ 
ning with what might have been an acropolis; for the city had more than one acropolis; 
as we learn from Strabo ;and Diodorus, (Lib. xvii. dxpoffdtecri xaAars). This wall 1 
followed in a western direction, between a small and large mound, for about a hun¬ 
dred and thirty feet; it then turned in a northeast direction, and afterward north. 
One of the ruined square towers, built of stone, without cement on the outside, and 
filled within with earth, is thirty feet high. I saw fourmore communicating with each, 
other by an interval of wall.. These are what Diodorus, writing Of Halicarnassus, calls 
7 n;p 70 i r and ixicroir.bpyioi. Near the ruined square tower I saw .some of the vaults of 
the old city, and copied some inscriptions relating to them. In the town are to be 
seen altars of marble, with the usual ornament of the festoon with rams’ heads. 
“ The fast of the Ramadan was not quite over when I was atBudrun. The opulent 
Turks were sitting; in the day time, counting their beads, and the hours anxiously 
until sunset. The caravanserai 1 lived in was occupied partly by Jews : it was not 
to be compared in size with other buildings of the kind which I had seen in Asia. In 
some of these, the pillars, supporting the galleries are columns of ancient edifices ; ; aa 
for instance, at Malaso, the ancient Mylasa. 
“I went over to Cos, from Haficarnassus.the twenty-eighth of November, in a Turkish 
passage boat, which sails everyday, if the weather is line. In the bottom of the boat 
sat some T urkish women, of whose bodies nothing w as to be seen, but the extremities- 
of their fingers, dyed red. The east side of the island of Cos is mountainous : close to 
the town are orange and lemon plantations: from these the fruit is exported in abun¬ 
dance to all parts of the Archipelago. The island has suffered occasionally from earth¬ 
quakes ; particularly from one at the end of the fifteenth century, as Bosio informs us ‘ 
and one in the time of Antoninus entirely destroyed the town, as we learn from Pau- 
sanias, (lib. vi.in) which, however, was restored, at great expense, by the emperor, who 
gent a colony there.. This circumstance of the destruction of the town may lead us to 
suspect the antiquity of the monuments of art now to be seen there ; and, indeed, ma¬ 
ny of the inscriptions are of a late age; they are all in Doric; this was the dialect of 
Cos aiid Halicarnassus ': but although it.was the native language of Herodotus and Hip¬ 
pocrates they preferred the open vowels of Ionia, in an inscription near the castle 
. and a mosque, I 'observed TOX©EO£XEBALTOS ; ; this form may be also seen in 
the monuments, in Done, published by Gruter (505) and Chishull. The use of the Q 
for the OX hasted in the other dialects of Greece from the time of Cadmus to the Ma¬ 
cedonian ee.ra. {Taylor ad Mar. San.) There are many bas-relie(s to be seen in the 
streets and in the houses of the town. Porcacchi, in bis description of the Archipe¬ 
lago, says of Cos,. * Ha piolti nobili edijizi di marmo antichi : but of these no vestige- 
is extant. Votive offerings in honour ©f Aesculapius, whose temple, according to 
Strabo, stood in the suberb, may he observed.. Near a iaos.que is a cylindrical piece of 
marble, with four sculplured figures, dancing, winged, and holding a wreath of flowers. 
A plane tree, twenty-seven feet in circumference, whose branches are supported by 
aeven columns', stands near the walls of the castle. Hasselquist, the naturalist, says r 
in seeing it, tp-baye heheM. the largest, oldest, and most remarkable in- 
