234 clarke’s travels. 
Josephus, according to Epiphanius,* when about to build tliSr) 
church, found part of an aucient temple, called the Adrianeiim,] 
consisting of stones six feet square,! which the inhabitants of 
Tiberias wished to convert iuto a public bath. This he im¬ 
mediately appropriated to the erection of the new sanctuary; 
and in the present building similar remains may be observed. 
Whatsoever be the date of it, we may regret that, in the nu¬ 
merous publications which have appeared concerning the Holy 
Land, no accurate delineation of these interesting specimens of 
vaulted architecture has yet been afforded by artists duly qua¬ 
lified for the representation. 
The town of Tiberias is situated close to the edge of the 
lake. It is fortified by walls, but has no artillery ; and, like 
all Turkish citadels, it makes a great figure from without, ex¬ 
hibiting at the same time the utmost wretchedness within. Its 
castle stands upon a rising ground, in the north part of it. No 
antiquities now remain, except the building I have described, 
and the celebrated hot baths of Emmaus$ about a mile to the 
south of the town. u Thermits Tiheriadis qais ignored ?' v \\ 
They were visited by Egmont and Heyman; but the water 
lias never been accurately analized. Hasselquist states, that 
he remained long enough for this purpose,** but he has given 
no account of its chemical constituents. Pococke indeed 
brought a bottle of it away, having observed a red sediment 
upon the stones about the place. Pie affirms,f| that it contain¬ 
ed “ gross fixed vitriol, some alum, and a mineral salt.” A 
traveller of the name of Monconys, cited by Reland,!! relates, 
that the water is extremely hot, having a taste of sulphur 
mixed with nitre. Egmont and Heyman describe its quality 
as resembliug that of the springs at Aix la Chapeile.§§ They 
bathed here, and found the water “ so hot, as not easily to be 
& Epiphanii Opera, torn. ii. lib. i. Adv. Haer. pp. 136, 137. Paris; 1622. 
1 Temples without images were '-called Adrianea, from Adrian, by 
whom they were introduced. 
t TiraMs to say, of four cubits square; reckoning each cubit at eighteen inches; 
5 Emmaics. or Ammitus, signifjes-;jBAT r ns‘ ( Vid. Joseph lib. iv. de Bell. Jud c. 1.) 
The Hebrew appellation is n?Dn Chammath (Reland. Palaest. I Bust': tom. i. lib- j- 
p. 302.) The births of Tiberias are thus mentioned 1 by Pliny ; “• Ahpccidente Tlberi- 
adn, aquis calidis;salubri.” (Hist. Nat. lib. v. c.15.) Josephus also mentions them, 
and their situation with regard to the city; ©rpfxa &h gttccQiv zvtsnv Iv fccjftp, ’Ajtpa- 
3 s ovojjLa aaTU. Thermae non long&:'(ih urbe Tiberiadis) absurd, in vico , Ammaus die - 
in.” (Josephus, Antiq. lib. xviii. c. 3;) The Arabian word for baths, chammam or 
hammam , is not very different from the Hebrew ; and by this name the baths oi Ti- 
.berias are now called. 
It Ptelandi PalaestinaTllustr. tom. ii. lib. iii. p-1039. Traj., Bat. 1714. 
**= Travels to the East, p. 157. Lond. 1766. 
'•ft Description of the East.vol. ii* parti, p, 69. Lond. 1745; 
:j$ Palaest. IIlust. tom. ii. lib. iii. p. 1040. Traj. Bat. 1714. 
\\ Travels through part of Europe, Asia Minor, fca. yol. ii. p. 33 Lond. 1759, 
