JERUSALEM. 345 
place.* The ground is ordered to be cleared for the foundations 
of a church. That which never indicated even an ascent, by 
nieans of a raised altar and a flight of steps, becomes a mount, and 
is called Calvary .f The Pagan idols in its neighbourhood are 
thrown down and removed 4 the Holy Sepulchr e itself, a few 
y ards from this fissure, and upon tire same level with it, is af¬ 
terward said to be discovered beneath a heap of earth and 
stonesalthough, as a Jewish crypto its being described as 
thus buried sterns to imply an impossibility. .Nothing remains 
to complete'the furniture of the sanctuary but the discovery 
of. the Cross : this an old Jew, menaced and tormented, speedi¬ 
ly brings to light, with two others that were not required.|j Ma¬ 
carius, bishop of Jerusalem, receives orders to superintend and 
.complete the execution of a most magnificent sanctuary and 
Ileleua, 'triumphant'in the success of her journey, returns from 
the Holy Land richer than Jerusalem itself in the number aud 
the^Importance of the reliques she ■conveyed.ft If there had 
been originally any hill or rock wherein the real sepulchre of 
Joseph of Arimathea was hewixJJ for its Jewish possessor, is it 
Oristo oiifties vivklcentur; utin loco illo.qui dicitur Calvaria locus, id est loeuscapi- 
Us, caput humani generis Adam resurrectionem inveniat .cuitt populo universe per 
resurrectionem Salvatoris, quijbi pa&sufc cs't, et resurrexit.” Origeiu Tract. 35. in 
.Matth. See also fiteronym. in cap. 27 Matth. Cy rill, et Basil in cap. 5 Isaiae. Atha¬ 
nasius in lib. de Passi.one Dorain, &c., &.c. 
^ “ Siciit Apostolus dicit (2 Cor. xi. 3 .)Omnis viri caput est Christus.” O mag- 
-Ram;propheticam appeliationem ! Cyrill. Ca.tecb. 13. Vid. Qiiaresm. lib, v. c.4. tom. 
I'r; P- 489. " Afitv. 1679. Hear also JqrojU : “ Alldivi quemdmu .*xp< wuisse Cajvar-iss 
locum in {p'jo sepulttis est Adam ; etideo sic appellation esse, quia it»i asitiqui homiuis 
.sit conditum caput.” Hiero.nym. in cap. 27 Matth. Q.uaresmius, lib. v. c. 1.4. tom. 
II. p. - 483.. 
t “ E sacratissimo Calvaria monte per salam, quam an tea' ascendimus, descend^ 
mbs.” Q,uaresm. iibt v. tom. II. p. 481 
t Theodoret: Hist. lib. I. cap.-13. Paris, 1642. 
| E.useh. in Vit. Constant'ini, lib. iii. c. 24, >jc. Paris, 1659. 
|| The account of the supposed discovery of the three crosses,* 1 as related by 
Adrichomius, is too long for insertion here; hut it oilers a curious picture of deplor¬ 
able superstition, long prevalent on this subject; and renders it doubtful whether. 
Helena, with ail her character of humanity, were not as cruel as bur English Mary, 
w hen instigated by a bigoted priest. Macarius, .who is; styled “.sapientissimus iile 
Hieros'olymorum episcopus',” seems-to have been a principal agent in the torments 
indicted upon the Jews, as well as in the juggling miracles w ; hich preceded and follow¬ 
ed the discovery. Vide Adrichomii Theat. Terr. Sanct p. 176. Colon. 1628. 
Vid. Epist. Constant ini ad Maeariuni Episc. lerosolym. apud.Euseb. De Vita 
Constantin, lib. iii. cap. 33. Paris, 1659. The original building, erected by Constan- 
tine’s order, A. D. 326.-was destroyed at the beginning of the eleventh, centAry; by 
Almansor Hakim, Bilia, a caliph of (he race of the Fatimites in Egypt, and rebuilt by a 
ft reek emperor in 1048. Yet, says Moos'. lie Chateaubr iand, (vol. I I. p. 3 7. Loud. 
d811.) li t he architecture of the church is.evidently of the age of Constantine.” The 
small fabric, over what is now called the sepulchre, was. again rebuilt in 1555. Yid. 
Lit. Bonii'ae.ii apud Onaresm, t. II. p,512.. & 
. ff d His et aliis'pi.etatisoper.iii)is egregib peractis, revertitur Romarh ad filium suiim 
dilectissimum Imperatoi em Constant!Mini, deferens immensum thesaurum, pretiosis- 
simas reliquiae, crucem, clavos, quibus salvator nos ter homines et angelos coelestibus 
bonis ditavit.” Qaiaresmius, Eluc.T. S. lib. v. c. 28. An tv. 1639. 
tf •“ Le petit temple, qui est proprement le lieu du S. sepulchre, est aussi touted© 
marbre, et il a de ebaque cote trois colomnes, et par decriere, qualm.” -Voy. ou 
yaflt,-pat* Corneille Le Bruyn, loin. IX. p. 245. Paris, 1725 
