INDIAN NATIONS, Stc.—BOOK L 
7$ 
itnd to peace amongst themselves. The establishment of trading 
houses and factories, though originating from the best intentions, 
is not in reality so praise-worthy as might appear from the iirst 
glance, otherwise than it affords protection to traders, and keeps 
the Indians in awe. 
KANSAS, 
A few years ago they were the greatest scoundrels of the 
Missouri, robbing traders, and ill-treating the whites, but since 
about two years, in consequence of a severe defeat from the Pa- 
nis, in which their greatest warriors fell, they have been hum¬ 
bled. They are brave, and are esteemed great warriors. They 
have their villages on the Kansas river. The country which they 
inhabit abounds with beaver, but they do not hunt much. They 
speak the Osage language with some difference of dialect. 
ottqes ( Wa-dook'to-da.) 
They are the descendants of the ancient Missouris, and 
speak their language, which is remarkably lofty and sonorous_- 
They are not numerous, but esteemed brave and warlike. They 
reside fifteen leagues up the river Platte, and live in commu¬ 
nity and friendship with the Fanis. 
missouris, 
The remnant of one of the most numerous nations of the 
Missouri, and who have given their name to the river. They 
were reduced to about eighty warriors. They reside with the 
Ottoes. Their village was formerly at the mouth of the Grand 
river. 
PANI PROPER, 
A much more friendly and civilized people than those just 
described; they treat their traders and the whites generally with 
remarkable hospitality, have frequent intercourse with the Span¬ 
iards, and live about thirty leagues from the mouth of the river 
Piatte, and in two villages. The Council Bluffs on the Missouri 
would be a good place for a trading establishment for these peo¬ 
ple. They have but faint ideas of the exclusive right of soil, and 
have no fixed boundary; in whicn, they resemble the greater part 
