15 
PALEOLITHIC REMAINS FROM CLACTON- 
ON-SEA, ESSEX 
By S. HAZZLEDINE WARREN, F.G.S. 
[Read 2 8th April 1911]. 
ALEOLITHIC Flint-flakes from the Pleistocene fresh- 
JL water deposit of Clacton-on-Sea have been known for 
many years. The most abundant mammalian remains in the 
deposit are Elepkas antiquus, Rhincoceros leptorhinus, Bos 
primigenius , and Cervus browni, although numerous other species 
also occur. The mammoth is absent. For assistance in the 
determination of these remains, I am indebted to Mr. E.T. Newton, 
F.R.S., and Dr. A. Smith Woodward ; the earlier list given by 
Dr. Boyd Dawkins, the collection in the Natural History Museum, 
and that of Mr. H. Picton, of Clacton, have also been consulted. 
Last Easter I found in this deposit a beautifully pointed 
shaft of wood, which from its size and form is probably the 
point of a wooden spear. 1 As this object is probably unique, I 
have made plaster casts for distribution. To accompany these, I 
have also made casts of some of the characteristic flint imr>le- 
A 
ments from the same deposit. Not a single example of the 
usual ovate or pointed Palaeolithic types has yet been found, 
either by myself, or by other workers, so far as I am aware. 
In addition to simple, untrimmed flakes, a certain number of 
scrapers and pseudo-Mousterien forms of trimmed flakes are 
found. The only forms of implements, other than these, made 
from flakes, are rude forms of side-choppers, or ‘‘ hand-axes.” 
The flint industry does not show the true Mousterien technique 
and certainly cannot be considered as a series of that date. 
Strangely enough, the most nearly similar series is found in the 
ruder surface implements of the Chalk Downs of the South of 
England, rather than in any Palaeolithic group. The flakes 
are perhaps more distinctly Palaeolithic in technique than the 
implements. 
The implements from this deposit not infrequently have 
calcareous incrustation upon their surfaces. There is a good 
deal of this on the scraper, a cast of which accompanies the 
spear ; it is represented by suggestive colouring in the cast. 
[Mr. Warren has kindly presented a set of the models of the 
flakes and implement to our Museum.— Ed.] 
1 Quart. Journ., Gcol. Soc., vol. lxvii., 1911. Proceedings, page cxix. 
