HISTORY OF COLCHESTER CORPORATION WATER WORKS. 21 
The length of the three true molars in a fragmentary 
right mandibular ramus is 86-5, that of m.3 being 35. 
From the fact that the radii and tibiae found in the midden 
are almost always unbroken, one may perhaps conclude that the 
Rayleigh kine were of a lean description. 
14. Equus caballus (Horse).—Very few equine remains 
were found. A detached lower molar, part of a left scapula, 
and the distal end of a left humerus represent a Horse of medium 
size. The scapula measures 98 mm. from the posterior margin 
of the glenoid fossa to the front of the coronoid process ; the 
width of the distal articulation of the humerus is 77-3 
A metacarpal, having an extreme length of 205 mm., repre¬ 
sents a smaller form, it agreeing in size with the metacarpal of a 
pony or ass. 
Among the specimens found in the midden are two fragments 
of a long bone of a large mammal (perhaps Bos primigenius or 
Mammoth), which have evidently come originally from some 
Pleistocene deposit. 
Many Bird bones were found, principally belonging to Duck, 
Foul, and Goose ; and a number of vertebrae and other remains 
of a large fish. 
t 
PAST AND PRESENT HISTORY OF COLCHES¬ 
TER CORPORATION WATER WORKS WITH 
RELATION TO UNDERGROUND WATER. 
By J. MACKWORTH WOOD, M.Inst.C.E., M.Inst.M.E. 
[WITH PLAN, PLATE II] 
[Read April 29 th, 1911.] 
T HE town of Colchester is situated chiefly on a plateau which 
forms a spur or promontory on the south-west side of 
the Colne Valley, which consists of a bed of glacial gravel of 
considerable area and thickness, and extends to the east, west 
and south of the present town, and is bounded on the south and 
west by the Roman River, which gravel in turn rests on the 
London-clay formation. When the valleys were formed, the 
plateau of gravel was cut through down to the floor of the 
London-clay, and springs probably appeared on the flanks of the 
