34 HISTORY OF COLCHESTER CORPORATION WATER WORKS. 
miles back from the coast in order to sink a well into the chalk 
without the risk of getting an excess of chlorine, and who must of 
necessity rely upon gravel beds in their neighbourhood from 
which to obtain a supply. Within the last few 7 years I have 
carried out several such schemes. Only a few years ago, in 
conjunction with the late Sir Frederick Bramwell. F.R.S., Mr. 
Whitaker, F.R.S., and Dr. Thresh, M.D., D.Sc., I surveyed a 
large part of the county not far from this town, in order to find a 
water-supply for Clacton free from chlorine, and among the 
sites selected was an admirable gravel bed at Great Bentley. 
Other counsels then prevailed, the gravel bed was abandoned, 
and a w 7 ell sunk on the site, to the Chalk. This turned out a 
failure, as one might have expected, and the gravel bed has 
since been utilised as the only means of supply. 
APPENDIX-ANALYSES OF CHALK-WATER. 
NO. i. COLCHESTER CORPORATION WATER WORKS. 
ARTESIAN WELL WATER (CHALK SUPPLY). 
Grains per gallon 
Total Solids .. . . . . .. .. . . . . . . 72*10 
Chlorine (as Chlorides) .. .. .. .. .. ..21*31 
Ammonia from Salts of Ammonia .. .. .. .. .. '057 
Ammonia, animal and vegetable matter .. .. .. .. *006 
Nitrites .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . none 
Phosphates .. .. .. .. .. .. .. mere trace 
Hardness before boiling 9 * 8° 
Hardness after boiling *55° 
Total Hardness 10*35° 
Read Salts ., .. .. .. .. .. .. .. none 
(Signed) W. Foster, M.A. (Cantab.), F.C.S., 1st April 1889. 
NO. 2. ARTESIAN WELL WATER (CHALK SUPPLY). 
Grains per gallon 
Total Solids .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..69*1 
Volatile Solids .. .. . . .. . . . . .. ..5*4 
Fixed Solids .. .. .. .. .. . . .. ..63*7 
Chlorine .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..21*0 
Hardness (each degree equals one grain of chalk per gallon) 12 0 
Nitrogen expressed as parts per million 
As Free Ammonia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. o* 593 
As Free Albuminoid Ammonia .. .. .. .. .. 0*05 
As Nitrates .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. trace 
As Nitrites .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. none 
(Signed) Wm. Chattaway, 27th December 1894. 
