14 
THE ESSEX NATURALIST. 
attracting E. antiop a 6 ; a reference to the attractiveness (superior to 
that of sallows) of the sap of cut dogwood stems to spring moths? ; and 
finally Mr. Burrows (loc. cit .) says that, during the past summer, a lime 
tree, which he had trimmed, “ began to bleed slightly at a crack in the 
bark (I suppose where a shoot had been removed), and this crack was 
constantly visited and usually had some wasps wedged in it day and night. 
They seemed to be semi-drunk always. 
There is also an old record 8 of wasps and P. atalanta being seen sucking 
the sap exuding from a Cossus-infected Black Poplar. 
It will thus be seen that, besides elm, oak, ash, birch, alder, dogwood, 
poplar, and lime sap is attractive to insects. 
It will be noted that Mr. Christy and Mr. Burrows both refer to the 
belief that, when a tree is afflicted with “ bleeding/’ it eventually dies 
of it ; and, if the bleeding be due to Cossus attack or other serious injury, 
there is likelihood that such belief will be justified sooner or later, although 
large trees infested with Cossus have been known to exist for many 
years. 
MUSEUM NOTE, No. VII. 
PIED BLACKBIRD FROM WARLEY PLACE. 
PRESENTED BY MISS E. WILLMOTT, F.L.S. 
N unusually-beautiful specimen of a pied cock blackbird. 
rA. mounted in a glass case, has been presented to the 
Essex Museum by Miss Willmott. 
She writes :—For some thirty years or more, the 
gardens of Warley Place have been frequented by pied 
blackbirds. The first that I remember was a pure white 
bird, which caused quite a sensation in the neighbourhood ; 
but its beauty proved too great a temptation to those who 
knew the market value of such a bird. It was shot and sold 
to a London dealer. A year later, several pied birds appeared. 
One was white breasted; another white winged ; another 
white tailed ; there were several with a stray white feather 
here and there. The following year, a white breasted white 
winged blackbird enlivened the garden ; and since that time 
we have never been without one or more pied birds. In 1911, 
another pure white blackbird appeared, and remained with 
us for about two years. In 1914, we frequently saw one marked 
like a cuckoo. In 1916, there were several pied birds—cne 
with a pure white wing ; another with half its head white ; 
6 Ent. Monthly Mag., viii., p. no. 
7 Ent. Rcc., ix., p. 64 . 
8 Science Gossip., xiv., p. 35. 
