i8o 
THE ESSEX NATURALIST. 
past topography of West Ham, and made some interesting remarks 
upon the exhibits. 
The Curator exhibited an album from the Club’s Pictorial Survey of 
the County, containing photographs and prints of old West Ham and 
Barking. 
Votes of thanks were passed to the exhibitors. 
Mr. Charles Whitwell gave a lecture on “ Old West Ham,” illustrating, 
his remarks by a number of lantern slides ; the thanks of the Meeting were 
accorded to the lecturer* 
Mr. George Morris, B.Sc., gave a lecture on the " Regional Survey of 
Saffron Walden,” which he illustrated by a large number of lantern photo¬ 
graphs and diagrams. 
The lecturer introduced his subject with a definition of Regional 
Survey as the ecological study of a human community. The community, 
whether a village, town, or city, may be regarded as an organism of a 
higher order than the individual, the units of which are united by bonds 
not of the flesh but of the spirit. He then illustrated his thesis by a series 
of lantern slides illustrating the survey of Saffron Walden. The physio¬ 
graphy of the region was first dealt with, showing the position of the region, 
which embraces the obsequent valleys of the Cam and Granta on the face- 
of the Cretaceous escarpment of the East Anglian heights ; he thence 
passed to the geology of the region and its influence upon the hydrography, 
vegetation, and human settlement, concluding this series with a synthetic 
diagram showing the interrelation of the natural factors in establishing 
the sites of the human communities in the region. 
Mr. Morris then passed to the prehistoric survey, and dealt quickly 
with the methods employed in recording the neolithic, bronze, iron age, 
Roman and Prehistoric Saxon remains of the district. A series of slides, 
was then shown, showing the historic development of Saffron Walden, 
including restorations of the town in British, Saxon, Norman and Eliza¬ 
bethan times. The castle, abbey and market were briefly described and 
the historic survey was summarized in synthetic diagrams showing the- 
present condition of the town and region. 
The plans for exhibiting the survey in the Museum at Saffron Walden 
were then exhibited, and the lecturer concluded by remarking that Regional 
Survey was to some extent the concern of the County Associations, and 
suggested the possibility of co-operation in organising a regional survey,, 
if not of the whole county, at least of certain typical areas. 
A hearty vote of thanks was passed to the lecturer. 
ORDINARY MEETING (513th MEETING) AND ANNUAL 
MEETING (514th MEETING). 
SATURDAY, 27TH MARCH, I92O. 
These Meetings were held in the Physical Lecture Theatre of the 
Municipal Technical Institute, Romford Road, Stratford, the President,. 
Miss G. Lister, F.L.S., in the chair. 58 Members were present. 
