1903 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
269 
A NEW ENGLAND DAIRY FARM. 
I bought a 200-acre farm last year. I 
had some trouble with hired men, but at 
present have some good help. I propose 
to do the managing myself, as I can go 
to the farm (only 11 miles by train) once 
a day and remain about IVz hour during 
the middle of the day. I keep 20 cows at 
present, but would like to keep 40 or 50. 
The land is not in higli state of cultiva¬ 
tion, as there has not been much work 
done for several years, although the land 
is all good if it could be worked and ma¬ 
nured. There is no silo. Will you advise 
the best way to proceed to get the farm 
to bearing hay enough to keep 40 or 50 
cows and three or four horses? I have 
bought quite a quantity of good horse 
manure worked by hogs this Winter, 
which I have in large piles in the fields I 
intend to plow. I have also all the manure 
from 25 cows, 1.? hogs and three horses. 
This is yet in barn cellar. What is the best 
way to use the manure? Is It wise to use 
fertilizer in connection with a good coat 
of manure? I expect to plant eight or 10 
acres of sweet corn, pull off what ears I 
can sell for green corn, cut up the re¬ 
mainder with the stalks and either dry 
for Winter feed or build a silo and save 
the corn in that way. Is there any better 
way of raising plenty of feed for Winter 
for stock? What is the best breed of cattle 
for milk? I have now good grade cows, 
as I bought the best I could find, but 
would like to work into purebreds. I 
like the Durhams, as I have one Durham 
that fills a 10-quart pail at every milking. 
If she is a sample of the breed I want that 
breed. J. J. o. 
Worcester, Mass. 
This is the ever-present question that 
presses home to every owner of non¬ 
productive soil. This soil has lost its 
humus or vegetable mold, and must 
therefore have it restored. Live stock 
well bedded and the manure hauled 
daily to the field from trenches and 
floors that do not leak is the first thing 
to do. I should then take an acreage 
each year equal to the time at hand and 
give It thorough cultivation, sowing 
some green crop to plow under. Buck¬ 
wheat would be satisfactory, getting it 
rotted in the soil. We need not discuss 
the chemistry side of the proposition. 
The practical results will follow. Just 
what kind of commercial plant food will 
be most needed I cannot say. If stable 
manure can be purchased it will no 
doubt be the cheapest, although dis¬ 
solved rock will give excellent returns 
after the humus is restored, and not 
much before this is done. Build a silo 
at once. If you have a market for sweet 
corn use it and silage the small ears and 
stalks. Do not try to grow corn and 
cure it; the loss is too great. As soon 
as the soil is in fine tilth sow to clover, 
top-dressing the first Fall and Winter 
after seeding with a light dressing of 
stable manure. Mow this either one 
year or two as may best suit your rota¬ 
tion; then plow and plant silage corn. 
Clover, grain and corn is our rotation 
and it works well. 
The best breed of cows will depend 
upon what use is to be made of the milk. 
If for butter-making or for a trade to 
be supplied with milk of a high per cent 
of fat the Jerseys or Guernseys; the 
j’oung can then be easily reared upon 
skim-milk. If a lower grade of milk is 
demanded then the Ayrshlres or Hol- 
steins are preferable; while you have 
one Durham cow that is profitable you 
may find a whole herd unprofitable. The 
trouble with the Durhams is that they 
have been bred almost wholly for beef. 
Occasionally one will breed back to the 
former strains of milking Durhams, and 
make a very desirable animal. I think 
the first proposition that would confront 
you if you succeeded in finding a few 
Durhams of the dairy type would be to 
secure a bull of the same dairy confor¬ 
mation. The risk is, in my judgment, 
too great. I wish some one had the 
courage and patience to select and be¬ 
gin the breeding of the milking Short¬ 
horns, weeding out the beefy animals as 
they appeared, and again give us a dairy 
type of a once fine cow. I do not think 
for a time it would offer much profit. So 
long as we have four established dairy 
breeds the profitable way for you and 
bie Is to tie to one of them. h. e, cook, 
Green Food and Exercise. —In try¬ 
ing to fathom the secret of Mrs. Craw¬ 
ford’s success in getting Winter eggs, 
Mapes the hen man Ignores the fact that 
her hens are given green food every day, 
and, although he does not state that she 
feeds her grain in litter, I suspect she 
does, which gives them exercise. Green 
food and exercise are “Summer condi¬ 
tions” his hens lack in Winter, as well 
as lack of a proper amount of space. 
The only egg record he gives us is dur¬ 
ing the period between March and No¬ 
vember, a time when hens are finding 
their own green food (those on a free 
range as his are), and exercise. He de¬ 
serves credit for telling us that he only 
got 60 eggs on last New Year’s Day; 
credit for honesty, but it is a disgrace 
that 1,600 hens should only lay 60 eggs 
on New Year’s Day; the number should 
at the very least be 400. I write this 
because, in recent articles he was again 
ridiculing the idea of feeding green food 
or giving opportunity for exercise. The 
individual case of Betty, the Wyandotte, 
is not convincing. geo. cass. 
Brooklyn, Ohio. 
Feeding Brooder Chicks. —Last 
March a hen with a brood of chicks was 
placed in a box about three feet square 
and given only grit, whole wheat and 
water in the order named. Every chick 
came through the two weeks, stormy 
weather, and is alive to-day. One hun¬ 
dred chickens were placed in a brooder 
about February 1. They received noth¬ 
ing but cracked wheat, grit and bone 
meal, clover sods and clover chaff. At 
the age of six weeks there had not been 
a loss of over 10, and most of these were 
from keeping them a few days too long 
in the brooder. From my experience I 
do not think anyone who tries feeding 
cracked wheat dry with plenty of grit 
and water where they can get at it will 
ever bother with boiled eggs, mashes, 
etc. I do not feed over three times a 
day. This Is in answer to the question, 
how soon young chicks can swallow 
grain, page 152. s. t. w. 
Oregon. 
Pigs in a Garden. —In answer to the 
question on page 105, I should think five 
pigs with the sow would work over one- 
fourth of an acre and leave It in good 
shape for a garden. I have kept hogs in 
a small garden to some extent, and find 
if I have too many in a small space they 
will pack the ground so it Is too hard to 
cultivate, and crops do not thrive so 
well. I have always made a practice of 
feeding middlings alone when I had to 
buy feed for pigs, and think it makes 
the best pig feed with or without milk, 
as well as the cheapest, but I like to feed 
half cornmeal to finish them off with. I 
know one man who has as many as 40 
sometimes, and buys a good share of his 
feed. He always buys the best mid¬ 
dlings to feed his pigs on, and gives 
them no other grain feed until they are 
three months old, although he feeds his 
brood sows part or all bran. The profit 
in pigs is Just the difference between all 
they will eat and Just enough to keep 
them looking well. e. n. c. 
South Acworth, N. H. 
DE LAVAL 
CREAM SEPARATORS 
ARE SO MUCH BETTER THAN 
OTHER CREAM SEPARATORS 
BECAUSE. —They are constructed under many all- 
important patents, which cannot be used by any other 
manufacturer and which enable De Laval machines to 
skim cleaner and produce a more even and more thor¬ 
oughly churnable cream than is otherwise possible, at 
much less speed and wear, and with much greater 
ease of operation. 
BECAUSE .—The De Laval makers have ever been 
first and foremost in the manufacture of Cream Sepa¬ 
rators throughout the world—have ever led where others 
follow—their factories being among the finest machine 
shops in the world and their knowledge of Cream 
Separators far greater and more thorough than that of 
any comparatively inexperienced would-be competitor. 
BECAUSE. —The one purpose of the De Laval 
makers has ever been the production of the very best 
Cream Separator possible regardless of cost, instead of 
that mistaken “cheapness” which is the only basis upon 
whicli any would-be competitor can even make pretence 
of seeking a market. 
BECAUSE .—The vastly greater sale of De Laval 
machines—ten times all others combined—enables the 
De Lelaval makers to do these things and much more in 
the production of the perfect Cream Separator that no 
one else could attempt. 
A De Laval catalogue explaining in detail the facts 
here set forth may be had for the asking. 
The De Laval Separator Co. 
Randolph & Canal Sts., 
CHICAGO. 
1213 Filbert Street, 
PHILAD^PHIA. 
217-221 Drumm St., 
SAN FRANCISCO. 
General Offices: 
74 Cortlandt Street, 
NEW YORK. 
121 Youville Square, 
MONTREAL. 
75 & 77 York Street, 
TO RON TO. 
248 McDermot Avenue, 
WINNIPEG. 
Horse Owners! Use 
GOMBAULT’S 
Caustic 
Balsam 
A Safe, Speedy, and Positive Core 
Tliesafest, llest UL.ISTER ever used. Takes 
the place of all llnaments for mild or severe action. 
Removes all Bunches or Blemishes from Horaea 
and Cattle, SUPERSEDES AUI. CAUTEKV 
O R El KING. Impossible to produce scar or blemish 
Every bottle sold Is warranted to give satisfaction 
Price 81.60 per bottle. Sold by druggists, or sent 
by express, ehargea paid, with full directions for 
Its use. Send for descriptive circulars. 
THE I.AWRENCE-WIULIAMS CO., Cleveland. O. 
Shear Your Sheep 
“ ‘ * with the 
“COOPER” 
Finest Model Made 
Complete with 
Orindloj Disc, Six 
Combs, Three Cutters 
sod Oil Can Spaooer 
Fully $|K00 
Guarin* | star 
teed. Only ■ ^ 
COOPER SHEEP SHEABINO HAOIllNE CO. 
_148 Illinois Street, Ohleago. 
Perfect Butter 
—the kind which brings the higheaS 
price in any market can only be made 
. from perfect milk. All bad odors 
land flavors of animal, feed ot 
stable must be removed, 
THE PERFECTION 
Milk Cooler and Aerator 
will do It Quickly, cheaply and perfectly. M>d« is vari* 
>u.iu. from 1 to 300 cow. Send for pricM and frn elrcnlan. 
L. R. LEWIS, Manfr., Box 12 .Cortland, N. Y. 
You can add value to any cow with a 
National 
Hand Separator 
because It will save over 80 per cent, of the loss 
resulting from the old method of setting. It 
will separate warm or cold milk, light or 
heavy cream, and skim clean. We send the 
National and let it prove its worth right in 
your own home dairy. 
10 DAYS* USE FREE. 
Costs nothingif you don’t buy—costa 
nothing if you do, for it pays its 
cost in what i t saves. Send 
for catalogue. 
National Palrjr tlarhln. Go. 
Newark, N.d. 
cream 
dairr and cresme: 
SEPARATORS 
All about them and other things tor the 
dairy and creamery. A. II. REID. Phlladelpkda. 
Pat. May 21,1901. 
Cream Extracfoi 
The leading Cream Extract 
on the market because milk ai 
water are not mixed. You i 
ways have pure, sweet milk f 
home use and not diluted f 
feeding. The most convenle 
extractor made for handlii 
your milk in Winter as well 
in Summer. It saves all oi 
lifting, skimming and washli 
of crocks. It Is easily ke 
clean. Write for descrlptl' 
catalogue and special Introdu 
tory prices to THE ARR4 
CREAM SEPARATOR Cf 
BiiUriTON, Ohio. 
A Revolution in Dairying. 
We can prove that the Plymouth Cream Extractor 
has more points of excellence 
than any other. Here are a few: 
Milk not mixed with water. Re¬ 
movable inner can. Inner can 
has center tube which Is also 
water receptacle. Water distrib¬ 
uted equally around and under 
inner can; also through centCE 
tube, giving greatest possible 
cooling surface. No water re¬ 
quired live months In the year. 
New and original faucet; Impos¬ 
sible to leak or sour. You’ll be 
sorry If you buy any other before 
» -iiouiuiw Investigating this. Send for 
Pat. April 29,1902. oatalos. PLYMOUTH CREAM 
SEPARATOR COMPANY, PlyniOiith, Ohio. 
