3o6 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
April 18 
Live Stock and Dairy 
HOW A CREAM SEPARATOR 
SEPARATES. 
Can you by some simple diagram explain 
the working of a separator? I have had 
one taken apart for my benefit, but whereas 
I could understand that the milk and 
cream are separated by centrifugal force, 
1 could not see how or where or when the 
two parted company for good. Where is 
the narrow dividing line, over which the 
aristocratic cream may not venture? Can¬ 
not this be shown in simple form? 
Winslow, Me. *’• 
There is no line of demarkation be¬ 
tween the. skim-milk and the cream. In 
Fig. 109 is shown as nearly as can be de¬ 
scribed in a simple drawing the condi¬ 
tion of the milk and cream. The milk en¬ 
ters the center of the bowl and of course 
there begins at once a separation. The 
sugar, albumen, casein and ash as well 
as the water are hurried to the outside 
of the bowl and in accord with a funda¬ 
mental law of physics that “no two 
bodies can occupy the same place at the 
same time,” the fat is forced out and 
consequently finds itself nearing the 
center of the bowl. There is a gradual 
condensation of the cream from the out¬ 
side to the center. At the innermost 
point the cream will contain nearly 50 
Co-operative Creameries Association. 
The cooperative creamery movement Is 
progressing finely. We have the required 
number to organize and will get together 
soon. We are aiding the new beginners— 
those cooperative creameries just opening. 
We started the Tunnel creamery April 1 in 
good condition. The dairymen are all “tied 
in’’ together in good shape. The shipping 
station here offered 20 cents more per can 
April 1 than they paid during March, as a 
bait to catch the weaklings. It will not 
avail them anything at this late day. Had 
they treated the farmers rightly there 
would not have been a cooperative cream¬ 
ery built at Tunnel. Now that it is there 
it is going to remain and get nine-tenths of 
the milk. We shall call the Cooperative 
Creamery Association together next month, 
probably at Sidney, N. Y. w. m. p. 
Walton, N. T. 
The Book of Corn; 400 pages, cloth; 
Illustrated; Orange Judd Co., New York, 
{1.50, postpaid. A treatise on the culture, 
handling and uses of Indian corn, includ¬ 
ing among other things: The history of the 
plant, botany, varieties, principles of grow¬ 
ing and fertilizing, breeding and selection, 
and diseases. A valuable and interesting 
work. 
Home Geography for Primary Grades, 
by H. W. Fairbanks. This may be de¬ 
scribed as a physical geography for young 
children, the effort of the author being not 
merely to convey information, but also to 
develop the child’s interest in the phe¬ 
nomena of nature. The book is very at¬ 
tractively illustrated, and will doubtless be 
found useful in home as well as school 
work. Published by the Educational Pub¬ 
lishing Company, New York; price 60 cents. 
Wheel 
Cultiva¬ 
tor. 
So. 60 
Iron Age Pivot 
A BIG 
CROP 
shouts loudest in praise of Iron , 
Age Implements. Quick, sure, 
thorough cultivation does won¬ 
ders to increase profits and de¬ 
crease expense. We have 
learned how to build our culti¬ 
vators by farm experience as 
well as shop practice. Every- 
thing about them is for work— 
IRON AGE 
Riding Cultivators 
pivot wheel, fixed wheel or combina- i 
tion are adaptable for all farming, | 
from corn growing to market gar¬ 
dening. w rite for Iron Age Book 
and read the facts. Ask your 
dealer to show you the tool. 
BATEMAN MFC. CO. 
Jto.x I«8 Grenlofh.N. J. 
Hubbard’s Fertilizers do not rest until the work is done; when the ground 
freezes, they rest, but only then. In connection with this statement, kindly read 
the following from the Past Master of the Massachusetts State Grange: 
THE ROGERS & Hubbard Co., Middletown Conn. 
Gentlomen-1 used about nine tons of Hubbard’ Fertilizer this season and am satisfied that it paid. This 
was particularly true of the Hubbard’s Oats and Top Dressing. Its use enabled us to cut the first crop before 
July 1st, after which date there came on a long spell of wet weather, and while most farmers were com¬ 
plaining because their hay was spoiling or getting over-ripe, wo were growing a fine rowen crop winch cut 
over a ton per acre by the middle of August, and at this writing there is a third crop almost heavy enough 
to cut. Tours truly, E. D. HOWE, Past Master, Massachusetts State Grange. 
The letter speaks for itself—comment seems unnecessai-y. We hope you will 
decide to use the Hubbard Fertilizers. Our book, “ Hubbard’s Fertilizers for 1903,” 
g'iving* full description of our different brands, sent free to B-ny address. Apply 
to our “ Local Agents” or direct to 
THE ROGERS & HUBBARD CO., 
of 
MIDDLETOWM, CONN. 
44 
A CREAM SEP-ARATOR AT WORK. Fig. 109. 
per cent butter fat, gradually decreasing 
until in a modern separator, the skim- 
milk, which is taken at the outside, will 
contain only a trace. The different sep¬ 
arators have a slightly varying contri¬ 
vance for controlling the density of the 
cream, but in every instance the prin¬ 
ciple remains the same; when taken 
very near the center the volume is less 
and the fat content high. The amount 
of cream may be reduced until it cannot 
escape fast enough, and so if the milk 
supply is not diminished a portion of 
the fat will necessarily pass off in the 
skim-milk. On the other hand. If the 
cream screw is changed to increase the 
volume that is taking it out nearer to 
the outside of the bowl then we are se¬ 
curing a cream of less fat content, and 
this permission of increased outfiow at 
the center of the bowl means a more ex¬ 
haustive skimming. Hence to-day the 
test of a first-class machine is to run 
full capacity, skim clean, and deliver a 
cream containing 40 to 60 per cent but¬ 
ter fat. ___ 
MILK NOTES. 
Milk supply in this section is poor; no 
cobperative creameries here. Price is con¬ 
trolled by Elgin butter market. Bran is 
$20, com 43 cents, clover hay $8. f. m. w. 
Selina, Ohio. 
Cows have come through the Winter in 
good condition, flow of milk good; grain 
lower in price than last Fall. Farmers 
up here buy most of their cow feed; can¬ 
not raise to advantage that which produces 
the most milk. I get the richest milk and 
the most of it from buckwheat middlings 
with a little wheat middlings and corn- 
meal mixed. Butter comes better. Very 
little butter is made in this section; most 
of the milk goes to Saranac Lake (a health 
resort for consumptives), and is consumed 
as milk. Winter milk has been and will 
continue until the last week in May from 
eight to 10 cents a quart. Producers sell 
direct to consumers. Butter brings from 
30 to 33 cents per pound; new-laid eggs from 
December 1 to March 1 from 50 to 60 
cents a dozen, now selling at 25 and 30 
cents. Cooperative creameries have no ef¬ 
fect here, but milkmen have Joined forces 
to hold up the price of milk. m. a. r. 
Gabriels, N. V. 
Good Land! 
]:^ OWKER’S FERTILIZERS made 
it so Addison County, Vermont, a piece of land that had 
- not been manured for six years, was seeded with 
bushels of oats to the acre and Bowker’s Fertilizer applied in the drill. 
The year previous it cut not over half-a-ton of hay to the acre; last year 
with Bowker’s, the yield of oats was 
68 Bushels per Acre. 
More than this, the farmer who grew the oats says: “Since using Bowker’s 
Fertilizers, I have never missed raising a good cropT 
It is experiences like this, multiplied by thousands of satisfied customers that 
have doubled our trade every ten years — note the wonderful increase. 
In 1882 
“ 1892 
“ 1902 
15,000 tons. 
30,000 “ 
60,000 •• 
It will certainly pay you to see our Local Agents, or correspond with us before 
purchasing your fertilizers this season. 
BOWKER fertilizer company, 
Boston. New York. Cincinnati. 
