1903 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
3o7 
BREEDING UP A DAIRY HERD. 
There is no branch of agriculture that 
has been more neglected than the aver¬ 
age dairy herd. Look where you please, 
and the general evidence is negligence 
in trying to improve the dairy cow. 1 
say dairy cow, for great is the difference 
between the two animals, the one pro¬ 
ducing milk and the other beef. Quite a 
number of heifer calves are raised in 
southeastern Pennsylvania, and if you 
ask the owners why they raise them the 
reply will generally be that they are to 
replenish the herd. The question of im¬ 
proving it is never a consideration; the 
most practical part has been overlooked, 
when both could have been accomplish¬ 
ed with little more additional outlay, 
with the same feed, time and labor that 
were required to produce the inferior off¬ 
spring frequently found in dairy herds. 
One of the most essential things to learn 
in breeding is the importance of selecting 
a sire, it being generally conceded that 
the sire is the most important half of 
the herd. Any person who visits the 
Lancaster (Pa.) cattle yards in the Fall 
v/ill see the largest market of its kind 
east of Pittsburg. It is here where the 
majority of the sires for dairy herds are 
purchased, regardless of individuality, 
breeding or shape, costing from two to 
four cents per pound. These are dis¬ 
tributed all over the county and fre¬ 
quently remain in the hei'd one season, 
then fattened and sold for beef, frequent¬ 
ly before a single calf has been dropped 
to show what they might expect from 
this newly-purchased sire mated with 
grade and mongrel cows. What negli¬ 
gence and lack of judgment! Good pure¬ 
bred sires of any breed desired could 
be purchased at very reasonable prices 
and are always to be found advertised 
for sale in good agricultural papers. Al¬ 
ways select from a breed that is best 
adapted to your calling and fancy. If it 
be beef you wish to breed stay strictly 
in that line, if for milk or butter you 
should have a very different type of ani¬ 
mal, in fact, a special purpose one. After 
securing as nearly as possible what you 
wish, then feed according to the require¬ 
ments of your cows. 
If you have strictly a dairy animal 
you can feed much more carbohydrates, 
which are cheapest obtained in corn, 
than would be profitable to feed to cows 
of a beef tendency. Many of our large 
dairy men are not feeding as much pro¬ 
tein as a strictly balanced ration would 
require. Do not forget that feed plays a 
very large part in the productiveness of 
your cows. The three essentials are 
breed, feed and kindness. Each is indis¬ 
pensable without the other if you wish 
to be successful. By far a larger por¬ 
tion of the cows are underfed than over¬ 
fed, and yet the query, why don’t the 
cows yield better? A prominent farmer 
in our neighborhood 20 years ago brought 
some purebred blood in his dairy herd 
and the offspring were so much better 
than the parent that there is a percept¬ 
ible difference yet in the line of improve¬ 
ment. It is useless to ask if this was 
not beneficial. In most instances where 
purebred sires are brought in grade 
herds more than 90 per cent of the off¬ 
spring resembles the sire, because his 
hereditary traits have been more thor¬ 
oughly established and he is the strong¬ 
er and most potent factor of the two. If 
you are fortunate enough to procure a 
good sire of dairy cows keep him a num¬ 
ber of years in your herd. Do not in¬ 
breed too frequently for fear of deteri¬ 
oration, Leave inbreeding for the more 
scientific breeder to develop. When your 
sire is potent no longer purenase an¬ 
other of the same strain as the first, and 
continue as before; do not make a radi¬ 
cal outcross, which after the first gen¬ 
eration is generally not successful. 
Pennsylvania. j. axjjus herr. 
PALM OIL IN OLEOMARGARINE. 
The makers of oleomargarine have, quite 
naturally, made use of all the chemical 
skill and ingenuity that money can buy to 
give their product the desired color with¬ 
out violating the letter of the law putting 
a 10 -cent tax on oleomargarine colored in 
imitation of butter, and to make any viola¬ 
tions of the law as difficult of detection 
and proof as possible. The ordinary color¬ 
ing matters formerly used are easily picked 
out by the chemist. Palm oil in the proper 
proportions makes an effective coloring 
matter, and the oleomargarine people 
thought tha/t they had the question settled 
at once by using palm oil as an ingredient, 
Incidentally giving the desired color to the 
pioduct; but an early Government ruling 
upset this by deciding that if 10 per cent 
palm oil were used it would be considered 
an ingredient, but any less would be ruled 
is having been introduced for the purpose of 
artificial coloration and subject the product 
to the 10-cent tax. Of course 10 per cent palm 
oil would give too much color. Palm oil 
is not a necessary ingredient of oleomar¬ 
garine , thousands of tons having been 
made without it, and the sudden anxiety 
of the oleo men to use it in small quantities 
was prlma facie evidence that it was de¬ 
sired only as coloring. Cotton oil is a 
prominent ingredient of oleoma.rgarine, but 
does not add much to the color of the 
product. To get around this dealers in sup¬ 
plies for oleo makers hawe been selling 
cotton oil of a higher color than ordinary. 
They claimed that it was pure cotton oil. 
and, while some of it has been held up by 
the Internal Revenue authorities, the Gov¬ 
ernment chemists have not yet, so far as 
we hav'e learned, found any palm oil in the 
cotton oil, although that is suspected to 
be the cause of the increased color 
The New York State law prohibits the 
manufacture or sale of any oleiiginous 
substance made in semblance or imitation 
of natural butter, irrespective of the name 
or designation under which it may be sold, 
so the State Department of Agriculture has 
power to go ahead and prosecute anyone 
handling such substance. But to make 
doubly sure. Assistant Commissioner 
Kracke. of the New York Division, set his 
chemists at work to learn what is being 
used to color the yellow oleomargarine sold 
in this city as free from artificial color, 
and passed by the Internal Revenue au¬ 
thorities as such. The chemists have found 
from to 2 per cent of palm oil in nearly 
every sample of this yellow oleo, some¬ 
thing which we understand has not been 
shown before. The Department did not ab¬ 
solutely need this Information, as the yel¬ 
low color barred the product from New 
York, but it strengthens their position, 
and establishes the important fact that this 
stuff has been sold in direct violation of 
Federal law, paying only one-fourth cent 
per pound tax, instead of 10 cents, thus 
defrauding the Government of thousands 
of dollars. Mr. Kracke’s chemists have 
doubtless got some of the oleo containing 
that high-colored cotton oil, the manufac¬ 
turers of which have succeeded in intro¬ 
ducing the palm oil so ingeniously as to 
make detection very difficult. This discov¬ 
ery will have an important bearing on 
future prosecutions. New conditions and 
difficulties are constantly arising in mat¬ 
ters connected with the enforcement of 
agricultural law, and the Department Is 
entitled to credit for its wideawake, pro¬ 
gressive policy in successfully working its 
way through this new complication. 
MAMMITIS OK GAKGKT, 
.Symptoms and Treatment of the Disease. 
HIS disease is an iufiam- 
mation of the udder or 
mammary gland. In- 
fiammation of the 
udder usually results 
from blows or Injury or 
lying on cold ground; 
from only partially 
taking the milk; from 
exposure to cold; sud¬ 
den change of food, 
overfeeding to milk 
producing materials, allowing animal to go 
for too long a period without milking. 
Symptoms .—In severe cases the disease 
comes on with a chill and swelling of the 
udder, which is hot and painful and hard to 
the touch. The breathing is increased and 
the temperature of the body la raised and the 
animal evinces great pain. 
Treatment .—In severe cases a physic should 
be given at once unless the bowels are already 
quite active. A pound of Epsom salts in a 
half gallon of warm water should be given 
as a drench. The drench should be adminis 
tered slowly. 
If there is much pain and the temperature 
runs high, ounce doses of sweet spirits of nitre 
with fifteen drops of tincture of aconite root 
should be given every four hours until the 
temperature is reduced. The udder should be 
bathed frequently with warm water and all 
the milk possible drawn at least three times 
a day. The udder should also be gently hand 
rubbed. 
Support to the udder by a wide bandage 
passing under the udder and fastened up over 
the back will also be of great advantage. 
Holes should be made in the bandage for the 
protrusion of the teats. An ointment made 
of a dram of solid extract of belladonna and a 
dram of gum camphor rubbed up in two 
ounces of vaseline gives excellent results in 
allaying pain and inflammation. 
Throughout the treatment of garget or 
mammitis tonic doses of Dr. Hess’ Stock Food 
should be given. The amount given is small 
—one to two tablespoonfuls—it tones the 
vitai organs and establishes good health. 
In every package of Dr. Hess’ Stock Food 
is a little yellow card entitling the purchaser 
to free consultation with prescriptions from 
the eminent veterinarian. Dr. Hess. 
Dr. Hess Is a graduate of famous medical 
and veterinary colleges; therefore no unpro¬ 
fessional manufacturer can equal Dr. Hess' 
Stock Food. In 100 lb. sacks l$5.00, smaller 
packages at a slight advance; fed in small 
dose; sold on written guarantee. 
Dr. Hess has written a book on the diseases 
of stock and poultry—the only complete 
treatise for farmers and stockmen. Consulted 
and commended by leading veterinarians. 
Write and state what stock you have, what 
stock food you have fed, also mention this 
paper, address Dr. Hess & Clark, Ashland, 
Ohio, and you will receive one of these valu¬ 
able books free, postage paid. 
PRESCOTT’S Qt 
WINGING 
WIVEL, 
TANCHION 
KEEPS COWS CLEAN 
Swings forward while get¬ 
ting up or lying down. Locks 
back while standing. Full 
artlcularsfree. PRESCOTT, 
" Beverly St., Boston, Mass. 
Poor Milkmaid Molly and Dairy Dan, 
They scrubbed all day at pan andean 
Till both were tired and sick and 
sore. 
And M oily wept and I fear Dan swore. 
But after a while they found that 
they 
Could turn their dairy work to play 
By running their farm in the Empire 
way. 
They’re Jolly Molly and Dandy Dan 
Since they adopted 
TKe 
It’s Just 
This Way: 
You can go on losing money on your 
milch cows if you like, or you can 
stop wastes, save half the labor and 
double your profits, bj’ using an 
Empire 
Ea.sy R^unning 
Creaem 
Separactor 
It’s the easy machine, with light 
weight bowl, few parts and abso¬ 
lute simplicity of construction. 
Empire No. O, ff / n 
Capacity 175 lbs per hour. Ov 
Empire No. I A, 
Capacity ."iOO to 325 lbs per hour. • 
Empire No. 2, 100 
Capacity 450 to 500 lbs per hour. 1VV 
Empire No. 4, 
Capacity 675 to 725 lbs per hour. 
Don’t buy a Separator until after 
you have investigated the Empire. 
Send for our book on “Making 
Cows Pay.” 
Empire Cre&m Separator Co., 
Bloomfield, New Jersey. 
A durable, 
saHltary and 
b e a u 111 11 1 
ALABASTINE 
wall coating. ALABASTINE is not acheap hot 
water kalsoniine, stuck on with glue, and 
furnishing a breeding ground for disease 
germs and vermin. Write for complete Infor¬ 
mation, mentioning this paper. 
Alabasiine Co., Grand Rapids, Mich, 
and 105 Water Street, New York City. 
Bickmore’s 
Cure 
Is guaranteed.or 
Money Ket'uiid* 
ed, to cure Col¬ 
lar or Saddle 
CnllH on horses 
under the har¬ 
ness while the 
horse Is worked. 
Equally sure for 
la all cases of 
Chops, Bruises, 
_ _ '» Cuts, Mud 
ir- . /O *T> 11 ' Seuld, Scratches, 
(iESUREANDWORKTHEH0RSE- r4"*n..„y^f.V 
Theabove trade mark is a guarantee to the pubfic of 
strength, purity and genuineness. Beware of imi¬ 
tations. Substitutes yield the dealer more profit,but 
coat you the same. Sample by mall 10 cents. It’s 
enough to cure one horse. Best thing known for 
Chapped and Crncked Cow’s Tents. Write to-day. 
BIGKMORE GALL CURE CO., Box 519, Old Town, Me. 
SHEEP DIP 
STANDARD OF THE WORLD 
for 6o years. Used on 250 millions 
annually. Superior to all other 
kinds. No smell. Benefits while it 
cures. Keeps flock clean a long 
time. Increases growth and quality 
of wool. Used by large majority of 
sheep breeders in all countries. 
Sold by all leading druggists and 
general merchants everywhere. 
If local druggist cannot supply, 
send $1.75 for $a (100 gal.) pkt. to 
OYI’HEKS INCDBATOK CO., 
No. 8 Park Place, New York. 
THE CHAIN-HANGING 
Cattle Stanchion 
The most practical and humane Fastener ever In¬ 
vented. Gives perfectfreedom of the head. Illustrated 
Circular and Price free on application. Manufactured 
by O. H. ROBERTSON, EorestviUe, Conn. 
wnider’s Stanchion 
—Deinfif an i mprovem ent over 
Smith’s. Lightest, strongest, 
quickest, safest swin^ siaDcbiot 
made. Hassteeilatch andaotomatlo 
lock., 1 Becomes stationary when 
open. Animalcsnnotturnitln back- 
In^oat. Madeof bestseasoQed hard 
■wood. PiDsforfastenhig with every 
stanchion. Send fof iestimoolala* 
J. K. WILDER & SONS. 
ROUND SILO 
The “Philadelphia.” 
The only Perfect Continuous 
Open Front Silo made. See our 
Patent Roof. Ask for catalog 
E. F. SCHLICHTER, 
:521 'Vine .Street, 
PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
Also made in the west by the 
DUPLEX MFG. CO., South 
Superior Wip 
For SilOSi Write for Clrcu- 
. E. Cross, Poughkeepsie, fj. Y. 
SALESMEN AND 
AGENTS WANTD. 
BIG W/ACES-f-Our Famous Pur* 
itan Water Still* a wonderful Inrea* 
tioQ^beats Filters. 19,000 already said; 
Demand enormous. Everybody buys* 
Over the kitchen stove it fonalshsa 
plenty of distilled, aerated, delioioas* 
Pure Water. Only method—saves 
lives aad Dr. billa; prevents typhoid^ 
malaria fevers, cores disease. Writ# 
5?** New Plan* Term«» 
£tc« PRKK* Address, 
Harrison Mfg. Co., 15 Harrison Bldg., Cincinnati, a 
^An Incomplete Stable 
is the one where the Best Liniment ever 
manufactured — the horseman’s valued 
friend — is unknown. 
Sloan’s Liniment 
Is time tried, and the recognized standard by 
all veteran horsemen; quick and scientific in 
its action, and marvelously efficient. 
Sold by Dealers generally. 
Horse size, 50c. and iSl. Family size, 25c. 
Best of all BLOOD PURIFIERS is 
JAYNE’S ALTERATIVE. It cures Scrofula. 
