1908 
493 
MARKET NOTES 
CHI5RRIES.—The nearby crop is light, 
owing to bloom having been cut by frost, 
and the wet weather has made havoc 
with what there are, few, being good 
enough to bring 10 cents per pound. 
PLUMS in quite large quantities are ar¬ 
riving from Georgia and the Carolinas. 
Many are colored well and of high quality, 
some selling in advance of highest quota¬ 
tions. Varieties are Botan, Robinson, Red 
June. Burbank and Abundance. 
PEACHES are improving, though but 
few that are anywhere near choice are 
seen yet. Some are of fair size, but too 
near Paris-green in color to be attractive. 
We hear of none going over $2 per car¬ 
rier. Varieties on hand this week are Car¬ 
man, Belle of Georgia, Waddell. Early 
Rivers and Tillotson. 
THE DONKEY.—As a vender of sky- 
tearing noises it is hard to find the equal 
of this animal. As he stands with down¬ 
cast head and solemn countenance, one 
would never imagine him a practical joker 
or capable of such frightful vocal pyro¬ 
technics. Occasionally a donkey speaks 
his piece on a crowded city street, and, 
without previous announcement or adver¬ 
tising, gains the undivided attention of all 
within sight or hearing. They tempor¬ 
arily forget everything but the perform¬ 
ance of this humorist, who, perhaps un¬ 
consciously, is adding a large slice to the 
pleasures of life. Mules and donkeys are 
not nearly so common in New York as in 
many other cities, and attract consider¬ 
able attention, even though they have 
nothing to say. 
CUSTOMS DECISIONS.-x-The Board of 
General Appraisers has many perplexing 
questions to decide, some of which are 
even finer than splitting hairs. A recent 
decision illustrates this. An importer of 
thermometers protested aganst the assess¬ 
ment of 60 per cent under “articles of glass 
cut, printed, ground or otherwise orna¬ 
mented,” claiming that they should pay 
45 per cent as “manufactures of glass.” 
The United States General Appraisers sus¬ 
tained this protest, ruling that to bring 
the articles under the higher rate of duty 
there must be a margin one-fourth inch 
wide, sufficient to admit of cutting or 
other ornamentation, and that a bevelled 
margin of one thirty-second of an inch 
with black stripe around and frosted face 
does not form dutiable ornamentation 
within the meaning of the law, the cut¬ 
ting being required to smooth the edges, 
and the frosting to make a surface to hold 
the paint on which the scale is marked. 
GOLD EXPORTS for the past two 
months amount to $21,925,000, distributed 
as follows: Paris, $13,275,000; Berlin, $2,- 
550,000; Argentine Republic, $6,100,000. The 
Argentine item will seem heavy to those 
unacquainted with our large importations 
of hides and other cattle products, some 
of which are at once sent to Europe. 
Among the causes for our exports of gold 
to Europe are the call upon European 
financial centers by travelers with letters 
of credit, always heavy at this season; 
and heavy borrowing to float some of the 
immense financial enterprises, wild-catty 
and otherwise, started in this country dur¬ 
ing the last few months. When our loans 
from foreigners are large and the excess 
of value of exports, agricultural and man¬ 
ufactured over imports, is lessened, of 
course our credit balance diminishes, and 
to pay our debts we must send gold, the 
only international standard of value. Bills 
of exchange and other similar convenient 
forms of remitting are of value only when 
the gold for which they stand is within 
actual reach of the receiver. 
OI-EOMARGARINE TALK.—The New 
York Evening Post, a sturdy advocate of 
honesty, and usually discriminating and 
well balanced in its editorial remarks, is 
somewhat at sea in the following regard¬ 
ing recent Canadian legislation. 
“A new bond between ourselves and our 
Northern neighbors is the absurd resolu¬ 
tion by which the Canadian Parliament 
officially boycotts oleomargarine. It is an 
anomaly that in two democratic nations a 
perfectly legitimate and useful manufac¬ 
ture should be put under the ban. All 
that the embattled dairymen can demand 
is that oleomargarine, etc., be not sold as 
butter, and this could be effected by a 
system of registration and labeling.” 
This sounds reasonable, but those in 
touch with the business know that the 
gamut of “systems of labeling and regis¬ 
tration” has been run without any effective 
results. If oleomargarine is “under the 
ban,” the maker and dealer have put it 
there, not the farmer, by insisting that it 
be sold under the guise of butter at five 
to eight cents per pound in excess of a rea¬ 
sonable profit. The product has no retail 
standing. The dealer knows that he sells 
it, but not one retail buyer out of 50 in 
the East at least, buys it with the thought 
that he is getting anything but butter. 
Oleo has made no place for itself in the 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
list of honest food stuffs. No matter how 
well “labeled and registered” on the start 
it changes its name to butter before reach¬ 
ing the consumer. Dairymen ask only that 
it be sold for what it is, and do not fear 
competition under such conditions. The 
present law. alms to let the consumer know 
what he is getting. 
BERRIES.—Strawberries are holding out 
well. More of uniformly fair quality are 
seen than at any other time during the 
season. These are mostly western New 
York, Up-River and Hilton and Irvington, 
N. J. The season for Staten Island and 
Ijong Island is about over. Prices re¬ 
ceived run from five to 20 cents, the lat¬ 
ter for Atlantic from western New' York. 
Retail prices for fair to good berries are 
10, 15 and 20 cents. The rains have dam¬ 
aged bramble fruits, but w'e see excellent 
red raspberries selling at five to eight 
cents per pint. This is in excess of black¬ 
cap prices. The blackcap does not seem 
to be so popular, as it is rather neutral 
in flavor. It would seem that red rasp¬ 
berry plantings might be enlarged with¬ 
out danger of exceeding the demand, but 
the business is one requiring considerable 
care, both in growing and marketing. It 
is useless to grow any but choice reds, 
and these must reach the buyer bright, 
clean and whole, not crushed or torn. The 
latter will sell to canners, but not at a 
profitable growing price. All tender- 
fleshed berries need more careful handling 
than they get in transportation. It is not 
unusual to see berry crates handled about 
the same as packages of turnips or pota¬ 
toes, and we do not know that anything 
else can be expected unless an extra rate 
is charged for carrying, an investment 
which might prove profitable to the 
grower, provided he could be certain that 
the extra care paid for would be taken. 
Currants are rather scarce, and selling 
w’ell. In some places the crop has been 
reduced by molding on the bushes, the re¬ 
sult of the long wet spell. Unusual prices 
are received for choice huckleberries, some 
bringing as high as 16 cents. w. w. h. 
THE HOPE FARM ‘MAN’S TANK. 
The Wise Men Correct Him. 
I cannot keep still and let the Hope Farm 
man preach such heresy as appears on 
page 423. Stop and think. Is it any easier 
to pump water up over the top and into a 
tank than up through the bottom? Don’t 
you remember that the school books said 
the pressure depended upon the height of 
water in the pipe and not upon the quan¬ 
tity? Don’t change your pipe until you 
can give a better reason than that. a. 
Tennessee. 
How, every other condition being equal, 
does the feeding of water at the bottom 
offer more resistance than if fed at the 
top? I always understood the reverse to 
be the case; the head of the column of 
water being greater in the pipe than from 
the level in the tank. But by all means 
I would feed at the top, and know by ex¬ 
perience that the water is not stirred up 
as much if fed through the bottom, as if 
forced in from over the tank. In the first 
place the temperature of the water from 
the well is always several degree's lower 
than the old stock in the tank, and that 
alone would keep the freshly-pumped at 
the bottom. This you would have found 
out easily some evening on reaching home, 
if your kids had played at fireman all 
afternoon, and had exhausted all the 
water in the tank but a few inches. You 
certainly would have had to ask the Mad¬ 
ame for a piece of ice. I fear you have 
accepted the windmill man’s theory with¬ 
out looking into the matter, as I, and 
many others have been guilty also. 
Massachusetts. L- h. d. 
The Hope Farm man seems to have fallen 
into quite a common error as regards the 
pressure on his pipes. Ho says that 
drawing water to the house from the pipe 
through which he pumps to his tank gives 
too great pressure on his house boiler, 
etc. The fact that he pumps in this pipe 
also has nothing to do with the pressure 
on his boiler, unless his pump is much 
nearer the boiler than the tank, or the 
pipe to the tank is too small. The pres¬ 
sure is entirely dependent on the height 
of the water in the tank above the boiler, 
and not in the least on the size of the tank. 
Concerning the idea that the pump will 
pump easier into the bottom than over the 
top of the tank, assuming that the bottom 
of the tank or the surface of the water 
in the tank is 20 feet above the pump, this 
would give about 10 pounds pressure on 
each square inch of area of the pump 
plunger. Assuming the plunger to have 
an area of three square inches the load 
for the pump to lift would be 30 pounds, 
which would increase gradually as the 
tank filled until the tank was full. In 
case of pumping over the top of the tank 
and assuming the top of the tank to be 
10 feet higher than the level of the water, 
which is the same height above the pump 
as before, the height to which the water 
would have to be lifted would be 30 feet 
instead of 20, which would give about 15 
pounds pressure on each square inch of 
plunger area, which would give the pump 
a load of 45 pounds to lift, and would al¬ 
ways be the same. In the first case it 
would be the least when the tank was 
empty and water needed most and would 
gradually Increase as the tank filled until 
the pressure would be equal when the 
tank was full, so that the surface of the 
water was level with the inlet of the out¬ 
side pipe. These pressures would be en¬ 
tirely independent of the size of the pipes, 
the pressures being entirely dependent on 
the height of the water in tank of pipes 
and not in the least on the quantity of 
water in tank or size of pipes. The load 
on the pump would also depend on the 
height of water and area of the plunger. 
. i.e pipes leading from the pump must of 
course be large enough for the w’ater to 
flow freely from the pump when in motion. 
I write this because there seems to be 
quite a general belief that the size of the 
body of water into which one pumiis, or 
the length or size of a pond makes a 
greater or less pressure on the pump or 
dam. instead of being entirely dependent 
on the height of the water above a given 
level. H. H. H. 
New York. 
I notice in Hope Farm Notes, page 423, 
you advise pumping water into the tank 
over the top in order to avoid the extra 
strain on pump of pumping against the 
great bulk of water in the tank. 1 should 
not notice this, only such advice will 
cause everyone who follows it extra ex¬ 
pense, as it will necessitate using two 
pipes instead of one, one for inlet and 
one for outlet, when one pipe entering the 
bottom of tank will be quite as good. It 
is a mistake to suppose the pump would 
have greater strain to pump the water 
into the tank by reason of the body of 
water contained. The pressure on pump 
is in proportion to area of piston and 
height to which the water is elevated, and 
size of delivery pipe, aside from the fric¬ 
tion, has nothing to do with it. When 
pumping over the top of the tank the 
height is constant and equivalent to hav¬ 
ing the tank always full, but when pump¬ 
ing into the bottom, the tank is seldom 
full and so pressure is just as much less 
as tank lacks of being full. The only ad¬ 
vantage in pumping into the tank through 
a separate pipe over the top of tank is 
that in cold weather all the water can be 
drawn out of the inlet pipe to avoid danger 
of frost, but as the outlet pipe must al¬ 
ways be full and of course protected, we 
can use this as the inlet as well with no 
additional expense for frostprooflng. The 
area of the tank does not add anything 
to the pressure per square inch, or the 
weight on any given area, so that if we 
use a pump having a cylinder three inches 
in diameter the same will contain 7.07 
square inches area, and when the pump 
works it will have to lift just so much 
weight at each stroke, but to this must be 
added the friction of forcing this amount 
through the pipe used, and this will of 
course depend upon the bore of the pipe 
used, being much or less as we use a 
small or large pipe. It will thus be seen 
that where the pipe enters the tank in the 
bottom that as soon as the water reaches 
the inside of the tank it is nearly re¬ 
leased from this friction, and only has to 
lift the weight of a column of water equal 
to the area of piston. Now-, if pipe run 
up to top of tank the pump would have to 
lift the same column always to the height 
of top of tank, and besides have to over¬ 
come the additional friction. The right 
way is always to have a good-sized air 
chamber at pump to act as a spring or 
cushion and use a check valve at pump to 
relieve pump from pressure of column of 
water when not making up stroke. 
J. s. WOODWARD. 
Spraying Potatoes. 
This is the third year I have used a four- 
row automatic sprayer. 1 have tried a 
mixture sold by a Boston firm recommend¬ 
ed to kill bugs and prevent blight. I have 
used Bug Death, dissolving it and apply¬ 
ing according to directions; have applied 
Paris-green at the rate of a quarter of a 
pound to 50 gallons of water, which seemed 
to be in accord with the old ratio of a tea¬ 
spoonful to a pall of water. But in none 
of these Instances were the insects de¬ 
stroyed. As the spray is very fine, a bar¬ 
rel going over from two to five acres, ac¬ 
cording to nozzles used, perhaps the doses 
were too weak to kill. On using one pound 
of Paris-green to a barrel of water a very 
small per cent of the beetles perished, but 
on trying two pounds of the poison to each 
barrel of water, using lime to prevent 
bufning. the insects, old and young, were 
destroyed. Arsenate of lead 214 pounds to 
.50 gallons of water will destroy the young 
insects, but kills few of the old ones. It 
goes nicely through the nozzles, does not 
burn the vines, and takes quite a rain to 
wash it off. I tried the Bordeaux Mixture 
one year, applying it four times in con¬ 
nection with Insecticides, but we had no 
blight that year, and from that experiment 
I could determine little. One would need 
to go over potatoes twice, with such a 
machine as I have, thoroughly to cover 
the upper side of the leaves, while the 
under side, which perhaps needs covering 
most, would still remain unprotected. A 
good shower will wash the Bordeaux Mlx- 
.iire off. and one must not go over pota¬ 
toes when the vines are so large that they 
are run over by the wheels. With my 
present appliances I can easily and cheap¬ 
ly destroy the bugs, but whether cover¬ 
ing the upper side of potato leaves with 
the Bordeaux Mixture will prevent blight 
I cannot say. Who can tell us? a. e. b. 
Bridgewater, Mass. 
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I’.VCTS AND TEST.S rUOMO IT! 
Kmery, Ky., April 9,11)03. 
I feel It my duty to tell what Veterinary Pixine did 
for a horse of mine. Ho was out with a knife between 
llie fore legs 3 Inches deep and 2 inches long, which 
every minute would gap open. I used Severn I dlflerent 
kinds of remedies without success, even to having 
somostitches taken. Nothing did any good and it kept 
swelling and became feverish. 1 ainicst gave up 
hopes of getting him well. 1 saw your adv. and,as it 
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Also manufacturers of 
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