53o 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
July 25 
and sowed to Black cow peas in May. In September, 
when the peas were ripening, they were cut with a 
mowing machine, raked with a horse rake and stacked 
in moderate-sized stacks. As soon as they were dry 
they were beaten out with flails and the stalks fed 
to the cows; they were eaten with great relish. As 
soon as the peas w'ere taken off, the ground was 
plowed, thoroughly harrowed and rolled, harrowed 
again in a few days, and sown to wheat in October, 
when an application of 400 pounds of acid phosphate 
per acre was made. The following March, Red clover 
seed was sown on the field. The yield of wheat 
was fine. The stand of clover was excellent and the 
yield the following Spring was about two tons per 
acre. Another small field in very poor condition from 
successive croppings without manure, was sown to 
cow peas of the Unknown variety. Two hundred 
l)ounds of acid phosphate were applied. The growth 
of vines was very rank and was cut for feed, and the 
following Spring the ground was in admirable condi¬ 
tion for strawberries. This course of treatment soon 
made the whole farm fertile and productive. 
Delaware. wesley -w^bb. 
Cood Crops for Hay. 
I prefer to use both Crimson clover and cow peas 
as stock food, and do not practice green manuring, 
for it is my judgment that crops quite as heavy and 
-good can be raised upon the stubble of leguminous 
plants as those which can be raised if the entire crop 
of such plants is plowed under. If it suited my 
rotation, late in August or early in September I would 
plow the ground and seed to wheat and Crimson 
clover. If the ground was very rich one-half bushel 
of wheat and 20 pounds of Crimson clover seed would 
make a very heavy burden. This I would cut either 
for hay or silage in May of the following year, and 
thereafter I would plant a 90-day variety of corn with 
the cow peas seeded in the corn rows to use the corn¬ 
stalks as bean poles. This crop I would put into 
silo early in September in time to seed the ground 
to Winter grain. a. r. neaee. 
Delaware Exp. Station. 
In this countiy we obtain very good results from 
Crimson clover and cow peas. Clover is entirely used 
for hay and fertilizing our peach orchards. Put in 
not later than August 15, sow gallon to acre, and 
turn under next Spring just before heading. Cow 
peas we use principally for wheat land. Sow about 
last of June iy 2 bushel to acre and plow under 
September 10 to 15. Never use fertilizers with them. 
Very good crops of corn have been raised by planting 
on land where Crimson clover was turned, holding 
moisture. J. J. Ros."}. 
Delaware. 
On a Small Virginia Farm. 
I am a small farmer growing fruit and vegetables 
and enough feed for one cow' and horse. I have raised 
cow peas for 15 years, or ever since I came South, 
and Crimson clover for 10 3 mars. I went on my 
present place eight years ago. It was mostly pine 
woods; when cleared would raise not over 10 or 15 
bushels of corn or 50 or 60 bushels of potatoes per 
acre. I have so improved it, largely with peas and 
clover, that I have raised 250 bushels per acre, and 
strawberries at nearly the same rate. I use peas as 
a catch crop after all early crops, such as onions and 
early potatoes; when plowing down strav.'berry 
patches. Winter crops of grain and Crimson clover. 
I also sow them about July 1 in young orchards. 
Those maturing before September I generally cut for 
hay; after that time they cure so slowly that I feed 
green, pick the peas for seed, or let the hens gather 
them. I always sow them as the first crop after clear¬ 
ing land, using 400 pounds of a fertilizer analyzing 
2-8-2; then I can grow a good crop of Winter oats 
and Crimson clover. Except on good land I generally 
use the above fertilizer 200 to 400 pounds per acre. 
I know they need a little nitrogen on poor land; on 
good land S. C. rock is all that is needed on our 
soil. I have no set rotation; cannot have any on my 
farm, but I often follow peas cut for hay in August 
with Crimson clover and globe turnips, sown togetJier, 
using 200 pounds of fertilizer on each crop. In this 
way I grow three crops per year, and have a good 
stand of clover for the next year. We sow clover with 
buckwheat late in August, with turnips to middle of 
September, then till middle of October with either 
wheat or oats. I like wheat best, as it stands up 
best. These crops are cut for hay when the clover Is 
in full bloom; ground plowed and planted to corn, 
peanuts or late potatoes, also sweet potatoes. I also 
plow early in the Spring any land I need for early 
crops, and find I am well paid for all expense, even 
when the clover Is plowed under In March. I have 
no trouble in getting a stand of Crimson clover if It 
Is BOt sown till tliB hot weather ot August is past, 
My land has grown steadily tetter and very much 
darker, but I cannot stop using nitrogen yet. I should 
say for this locality never sow cow ppas or clover 
in the corn; it will not pay, but I often follow corn 
with Crimson clover without plowing, only cultivate 
ground well. My best clover and wheat were raised 
that way this year. Corn and clover can be grown 
for years in this way with the addition of chemicals 
and the land will grow better all the time. Crimson 
clover and peas both make the best of hay for eithei* 
cows or horses, as I know from years of feeding, but 
it may not be safe to feed ripe clover to a horse. Last 
year my clover was left on account of the bee pasture 
it made till the heads were two-thirds brown; I fed 
it all Winter to a horse and she never did better, but 
I keep her digestion good by feeding bran and linseed 
meal. I aim to have no bare ground in the W'intcr; 
when it is too late to sow even wheat I sow' rye. My 
place is always green. a. f. ames. 
Virginia. 
COLD STORAGE FOR NURSERY TREES. 
What Nurserymen Say About It. 
What would be your opinion of trees kept dormant in 
cold storage through the Summer? Would they be equal 
to trees kept in the nursery row? Are there any ob¬ 
jections to their u.se? 
I have had no experience keeping trees in cold 
storage as you say, but know of no reason why they 
w'ould not live and do well so long as kept dormant 
and uninjured. s. n. willard. 
Geneva, N. Y. 
I did not know until very recently that this was 
practiced by anyone, but I learn that some are doing 
this. I never tried it and never planted any trees thus 
kept. I certainly would much prefer a freshly dug 
tree to one carried over by an unnatural process. 
Cayuga, N. Y. h. s. wtley. 
You ask our opinion of the value of nursery trees 
kept through the Summer in cold storage. We have 
THE CAMELIA PEACH. Fig. 198. 
done sufficient experimental work along this line 
to feel satisfied the plan is impracticable, un¬ 
profitable, and will prove unsatisfactory to all con¬ 
cerned, nurseryman and customer alike. 
Louisiana, Mo. stark bro’s co. 
We are decidedly against planting trees that have 
to be kept dormant by artificial means longer than 
their natural season. Trees grown in the extreme 
South and kept dormant until late Spring for ship¬ 
ment to the North never have done as well as those 
from the same lot of trees planted in the North, in 
an open spell in the midwinter. Our experience with 
handling cold storage trees is, that when kept in 
storage beyond a certain period, they are not to be 
recommended. There is nothing better than young 
'thrifty trees taken from the op'en ground. 
Hightstown, N. J. jos. h. black, son <& oo. 
We have had no experience with trees kept through 
a growing season in cold storage, and cannot advise 
you definitely, but since you ask our opinion would 
say that It is barely possible and yet hardly practical. 
If the stock was thoroughly matured before taking 
up, properly packed and kept at a proper even tem¬ 
perature, we are of the opinion that it would come 
out in as good condition as it went in. It has been 
our general experience that trees held in cold storage 
until late in the Spring, more readily show the effect 
of heat than trees that have been outside, and yet we 
have had exceptions to the rule. 
Lee’s Summit, Mo. m. Butterfield a son. 
As to the value of nursery trees kept through the 
Summer in cold storage, I would say that I have never 
had any experience with trees so treated, but it is my 
opinion that such treatment cannot be recommended. 
If the conditions under which they were stored were 
all favorable, they might live when planted out, but 
I would not care to take the risk. I was not aware 
that tbig plan was being; followed by some nursery¬ 
men, and from a commercial standpoint I would sup¬ 
pose that the cost of storage would be a serious mat¬ 
ter even if the nurseryman did find himself in the 
Spring with some surplus istock that he could not 
dispose of except at a sacrifice. 
Philadelphia, Pa. Howard a. chase. 
Until recently we had not heard of the storing of 
trees over Summer in cold storage, and as we have 
never had even a slight experience we do not know 
anything about the probable result. We should look, 
however, with fear for the results, for we cannot 
think that this is a natural manner of handling trees. 
Personally we do not even like the plan of packing 
the trees without root covering in the cellars even in 
Winter, but we believe it is a fact that trees so kept 
are none the worse for the method of keeping. As to 
their living after having teen kept for a year or more 
in storage, we should fear they would not all live, hut 
we may be wrong. We would await with interest the 
result of this season’s experiments along that line, 
and then facts will tell for themselves the result, he 
it for or against. sshths & povtst.l co. 
Syracuse, N. Y. 
In regard to the value of nursery trees kept 
through the Summer in cold storage to hold them 
dormant, we have had no experience in this line. It 
has been tried with some kinds of nursery stock, hut 
we do not think it has ever proven very successful 
We would be sorry to see the practice become general, 
as we think it would have a demoralizing tendency 
on the market. Personally, we do not have much 
faith in trees stored during the Summer. While they 
may possibly be carried through where circumstances 
were most favorable, yet we think were the practice 
to become at all general, a very large percentage of 
the trees that would he carried over and put on the 
market would be worthless. Even should they live, 
they would not start off as freshly dug trees, and we 
should not consider them of much value. 
Bridgeport, Ind. albertson & hobbs. 
My opinion or that of anyone else as to the value 
of nursery stock kept through the Summer in cold 
storage is practically worthless, for the reason that 
stock so far as I am aware has never been kept over 
in sufficient quantities so that the experiment would 
be of practical value. Twenty years ago, I kept 
Mahaleb cherry seedlings imported from France over 
one Summer in the ice-house; while the tops were 
somewhat damaged by dampness the roots were ap¬ 
parently all right, and when planted grew as well as 
any of the fresh stock. We shall watch the result 
of the experiment with interest, but should be a iittle 
afraid to use the stock largely, as we understand 
the moisture is practically taken out of the air under 
the cold storage system. How this would affect the 
trees remains to be seen. irvino rouse. 
Rochester, N. Y. 
A western New York nursery is carrying over this 
year 70,000 apple trees in cold storage. They are 
trying to hold a uniform temperature of 32 degrees. 
So far as I know, this is the first experiment of the 
kind that has ever been tried. Theoretically, I can 
see no reason why it should not succeed. If the buds 
are perfectly dormant, I should expect that they 
would push and grow upon being planted out just the 
same as dormant huds push and grow after a six 
months’ Winter rest. We have just gone through a 
rather novel experience with dormant bud's. On the 
15th of May, we planted out some apples from our 
storage. Owing to the drought, they stood absolutely 
dormant up to June 10. Not a bud had swelled nor 
was there a leaf to be seen on the entire planting. 
It began raining on June 10, and in a week there¬ 
after nearly every tree was in leaf and it is turning 
out to be a very successful planting. This would 
seem to be a confirmation of the theory that trees 
ican be carried over successfully, provided the buds 
are held perfectly dormant. I shall watch with con¬ 
siderable curiosity, the experiment of carrying these 
trees. geo. a. suteet. 
Dansville, N. Y. 
SILAGE-FED MILK FOR CONDENSING. 
In addition to what I said on page 516 let me say 
that I once tried this experiment: Some cows were 
feeding on a ration made up of clover hay, corn- 
meal, bran and roots. The milk was examined care¬ 
fully as to odors and quality. A somewhat sudden 
change was made to silage, and after the lapse of 
a couple of weeks the milk was carefully examined. 
No pe/son called in to serve on the jury could render 
a verdict against the silage milk. Repeatedly there¬ 
after the milk was examined with great care to de¬ 
termine whether the feeding of the silage was in¬ 
juring or tainting the milk, and no such taint was 
apparent. Again, we have fed silage to our cows 
every Winter since 1892 inclusive. 'The quality of 
the milk has not been injured by the silage. For part 
of the time we have not been careful to milk before 
feeding silage, which is the only correct way. A long 
series of observations convinces me that silage can¬ 
not affect the milk through the body of the cow. The 
sole question is whether the silage smell in the barn 
is liable to taint the milk. Our answer is that under 
ordinary circumstances this will not occur. If, how¬ 
ever, cows are fed silage before milking and the milk 
is allowed to stand for some considerable time in the 
stable taints are possible, if not probable. I am glad 
to report that the condenseries in Michigan welcome 
the silo, and the Lansing factory issued a long time 
ago a very good booklet on silo construction. 
Michigan Exp. Station, c, ». smith. 
