1903 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
EVERYBODY'S GARDEN. 
1. How can we keep the leaf roller from 
destroying the spinach and beet greens? 
2. How should we prepare the unsold wax 
beans, peas, etc., for Winter sale? 3. In 
raising early rhubarb, asparagus, etc., out 
of doors, is the horse manure put in deep 
furrows around it in Fall or in Spring? 
Manchester, Iowa. w. h. s. 
1 . I know of no remedy that would ef¬ 
fect a cure without spoiling the plants, 
unless it be pyrethrum or buhach, 
either in solution or powder form. For 
the solution, use one ounce (making 
sure that it is pure and fresh), to five 
gallons of water. Apply with a sprayer. 
It may also be used in the powder by 
applying with a dust bellows when the 
plants are damp with dew. 1 cannot 
certainly vouch for this remedy, but 
think it will be safe and effectual. Air- 
slaked lime, applied in small quantities 
with the bellows, might also be useful. 
Another remedy said to be a certain 
protection against nearly all leaf-de¬ 
stroying insects is quassia chips, one 
pound, boiled in one gallon of water. 
Strain, and while hot add one-half 
pound of sulphur. Dilute with boiling 
water to five gallons and apply with a 
sprayer. 
2. You do not state whether to prepare 
in the dried state for eating or seed pur¬ 
poses, or in the green form. If for the 
former, the only safe way is to cure 
them thoroughly and fumigate with 
carbon bisulphide. Put them in an air¬ 
tight box, pour a small quantity of the 
liquid into an earthen or glass dish, set 
it on the peas or beans, and close the 
lid tightly. Let them remain for two 
or three hours and they will be safe 
from the ravages of the weevil. If de¬ 
sired to preserve them in the green 
state, canning is about the only way to 
keep them, and the following recipes 
will be found good. Just at this point 
1 have to acknowledge myself “up a 
tree” and ask wisdom of my wife. She 
vouches for the following treatment of 
corn, peas and beans. Cut the corn 
from cob, if possible as soon as picked 
from the stalk, fill the cans (quart size) 
to neck or rim. Now fill the can to 
overfiowing with cold water, run a sil¬ 
ver knife down through the corn to 
make sure that all spaces are filled with 
water. Screw on the covers without 
rubbers, and put them in a perfectly 
clean boiler. Pour in water to cover 
the cans about one inch above the tops 
and boil steadily for one hour. Remove 
the cans one at a time, and if the water 
in can has settled below the corn fill to 
the brim with boiling water; put on the 
rubber and screw the top on tightly. 
Replace the cans in boiler and boil one 
hour longer. The jars may be left in 
the water until cool, when they should 
be wiped dry, wrapped in paper and 
stored in a cool place. For string beans 
remove the tips and strings should there 
be any, wash clean, cut in one-inch 
lengths, and pack in cans same as for 
corn. Add one teaspoonful of salt to 
each quart jar, fill with water and screw 
on tops without rubbers and boil for 
three hours. Remove the cans from the 
water, fill to overfiowing with boiling 
water and seal with rubbers and tops. 
Peas should be young and tender and 
should be shelled as soon as picked. 
They are treated precisely as the beans, 
and will be much superior to the store 
product. A rack made of lath to fit in 
bottom of boiler is a safeguard against 
breakage of cans, and a wire can lifter 
for sale by nearly all grocers will be 
found a preventive against sore fingers. 
Sweet corn may be easily and success¬ 
fully handled by boiling same as for 
table use, then cut off and dry on plates 
In the oven or in the sun. 
3. If the rows or hills of rhubarb and 
asparagus are well covered with manure 
in the Fall the ground will, of course, 
not freeze so deeply, and it will thus be 
an advantage. I would not plow any 
furrows In the Fall, but rather remove 
the old manure just as early in Spring 
as possible. Plow just as soon as the 
frost Is out sufficiently to let the plow 
into the ground, and fill with fresh ma¬ 
nure. This will forward asparagus to 
considerable extent, and is about the 
only way of doing anything except by 
the expensive methods of heating by 
steam. It may also forward rhubarb to 
some extent, but I very much doubt if 
the end will justify the means. In fact, 
I am very certain it will not, when it 
can be so cheaply forced in the cellars. 
By forcing it you can sell at far better 
prices, and have the money in your 
pocket before you could get the rhu¬ 
barb out of the ground by depending 
upon manure in the open trenches. No 
doubt it can be forwarded a little by 
manuring in the trenches, but I would 
not attempt it until Spring, other than 
to cover the rows as first stated. 
Garden Notes. —Earlier in the season 
I spoke of a trial of speed between 
Black Mexican sweet corn and Peep o’ 
Day. Exact dates of maturing cannot 
be given as yet, but it is safe to say that 
the former variety i\ not in the race at 
all. Peep o’ Day is now ready for use, 
while the other is just fairly coming in¬ 
to silk. Present indications are that 
this new variety will be one of the very 
earliest sorts grown. As to how it will 
carry up through Its season in quality 
and resistance to smut remains to be 
seen. It is comical looking stuff to say 
the least, the tallest stalks being little 
more than three feet high. The neigh¬ 
bors were inclined to make fun of it at 
first, but later, when they saw ears in 
every available place and crowding each 
other for room, the case was different. 
We shall keep close watch on both, and 
carefully note the variations, and at the 
season’s close may be able to see where 
the preference lies. 
The Peas.— As between First and 
Best and Nott’s Excelsior there was 
hardly difference enough in maturing to 
note. As to continuous bearing quali¬ 
ties and yield, the latter is far and 
away ahead, and was still in prime con¬ 
dition when the former had become a 
thing of the past. In my judgment, 
however, the fact still remains, that 
First and Best or kindred strains must 
yet be classed as the earliest for the 
reason that these larger sorts are not 
hardy enough to stand extreme early 
planting. The Nott’s Excelsior is one 
of the best, and for a second early 
leaves little to be desired. The Cham¬ 
pion of England is one of the best old 
sorts, and with Nott’s Excelsior makes 
a succession hard to discount. 
Michigan. J- morse. 
Nitrogen for Cow Peas. 
J'\ P. M., Philadelphia, Pa.—I have a piece 
of ground which I killed last year by put¬ 
ting too much lime on. I covered it well 
with cow manure this Spring and put cow 
peas in with the intention of turning them 
down later and sowing to Crimson clover. 
The cow peas show that they lack nitrogen, 
being very yellow. I thought of using ni¬ 
trate of soda on them. How much soda 
should I use to an acre, and would you ad¬ 
vise using any kind of potash on it? I 
wish to use this soil for growing roses 
under glass in 1905. 
Ans.— Here is an interesting case. 
Cow peas do not grow well just after a 
heavy liming. We do not helieve that 
their yellow color is entirely due to a 
lack of nitrogen. It Is more likely to be 
the effect of the lime and the cold wet 
season. For a farm crop we would let 
them alone, and expect a fair crop with, 
hot weather. Where soil for rose grow¬ 
ing is desired the case Is different, and 
we would not hesitate to use fertilizer 
freely. Nitrate of soda will quicken the 
cow peas; we would use 200 pounds per 
acre, but it will pay to use with it 150 
pounds muriate of potash and 400 
pounds of acid phosphate. The latter 
will help offset the effect of the lime. 
We usually advocate cow peas for ob¬ 
taining nitrogen from the air, not for 
consuming it in the form of fertilizers. 
In this case, however, we think it will 
pay to reverse the general rule and fer¬ 
tilize the cow peas. 
581 
Plum Propagating in New York. 
E. O. M., Oencva, N. T.—1. Is there any 
stock that you know to be equally suitable 
for all kinds of plums and prunes, except 
Japan to be top-worked upon, much in 
the same way as many varieties of apples 
may be top-worked upon Spy stock? 2. If 
I could buy such plum stock, would It be 
practical to buy at same time some high- 
class trees of the varieties which I should 
wish to grow and to use buds from these 
trees to top-work the stock with, say the 
Spring of the second year after planting? 
The object would be to save expense and 
to avoid the danger of getting trees not 
true to name. 3. Have the following varie¬ 
ties of plums been found of commercial 
value in Dutchess or Ulster counties: Relne 
Claude, Bradshaw, Field, Grand Duke, 
Fellenberg and German prune? 4. Should 
any of the above varieties be left out of a 
list for a commercial orchard, or would you 
suggest any other that should be added? 
I want only five or six of the best paying 
kinds, early, medium and late. 5. Is the 
Fellenberg preferable to the common Ger¬ 
man prune as a commercial variety? 
Ans. —1. The stock that is the most ic 
favor for budding the ordinary plums 
and prunes upon in New York Is from 
the seeds of the Horse plum, which is 
a variety that is almost wild in many 
parts of the country, having escaped 
from cultivation or growing in neglect¬ 
ed patches. It belongs to the true Pru- 
nus domestica. There are many of the 
Marianna stocks also used. They are 
grown from cuttings in the South, 
where they root very easily, and the Do¬ 
mestica varieties succeed quite well on 
them. Millions of plum stocks are im¬ 
ported from France, and the two popular 
types are the St. Julian and Black 
Damas. Any of these stocks will serve 
for the Domestica class of plums and 
for the prunes. 2. I do not believe it 
would be a saving of expense to buy any 
of these stocks, plant them in orchard 
form and bud them there. The chances 
are that it would cost more, in the end, 
than to buy good nursery trees. There 
is a variation in the growth and habit 
of the individual trees of all of them 
except in case of the Marianna stocks, 
as the seedlings do not come as true to 
a given type as do peach seedlings. This 
fact would cause an orchard grown aiS 
proposed to be somewhat irregular. My 
plan to make sure of trees true to name 
would be to get buds from bearing trees 
or those that I was sure of, and have 
some trusty nurseryman set them on 
his own stocks and furnish me the trees 
at a price agreed upon. Next to that 1 
would grow the trees in a nursery on my 
own farm and plant only such of them 
as suited me. 3. All of the varieties 
mentioned have been tested in the Hud¬ 
son Valley and found to be valuable for 
commercial purposes. 4. Some g;rowers 
think that Bradshaw, Field and Reine 
Claude are not so profitable as some o. 
the others. Monarch is considered a 
good variety in western New York, and 
some like the Damsons, especially the 
variety called French. 5. Fellenberg is 
one of the best of the German prune 
type, and is better than the one usually 
called by the latter name. Another 
very good one goes under the name 
York State, which I have seen and heard 
highly praised in western New York. 
H, E. V. D. 
Farm Wagon only 9:31.95. . 
In order to Introduce their Low Metal Wheela 
with Wide Tii-es, the Empire Manufacturing 
Company, Qnincy, Ill., have placed upon the 
market a Farmer’s Handy Wagon, that is only 
25 Inches high, fitted with 24 and 30-inch wheel* 
with 4-inch tire, and sold for only $31,96. 
This wagon is made of the best material 
throughout, and really costs but a trifle more 
than a set of new wheels and fully guaranteed 
for one year. Catalogue grlving a full description 
will be mailed upon application by the Empire 
Manufactmdng Co., Quincy, Ill., who also will 
furnish metal wheels at low prices made any size 
and width of tire to fit any axle. 
OOn HARNESS FREE. WRITE TO-DAY FOR 
^ ^ V SpeeiftI Reduced Price on a Top Bugiry 
UatAlogue A Kftctorj Prices on all Kiods Vehicles h Harneas 
CONSUMERS CAKJaAeE4feMFa. CO. 
S3:3 So. De.plalnes St., OlllCAUO, ILL. 
6,U00 fUrntH ail^HTS 
are now selling r.A.GE FENCE to their neighbors. 
PACK AVOYEN IMRE FEXCE CO., Adrian, Jlicii. 
EXTENSION AXLE NUTS 
Make old buggy run like a new one. Sure 
euro for wabbles and rattles. Quick seller 
and very proHtable. Agents Wanted. 
Hardware .Specialty Co., Box 111, Pontiac, Allch, 
WE LEAD THE WORLD 
We are the largeet manufac¬ 
turers of Grooved and Plain 
Tire Steel Farm Wagon 
Wheels in America. We 
guarantee ouf patent 
Grooved Tire Wheels to 
be the best made by anybody 
anywhere. Write us. 
HAVANA METAL WHEEL Cd 
•v*','-' --sa» 
HAVANA. ILL 
Wise Man’s 
Wagon. 
The man who has had experience 
in running a wagon knows that it 
is the wheels that determine the 
life of the wagon itself. Our 
ELECTRIC ^ 
have given a new lease of life to thousands of old 
wagons. They can bo had in any desired hoight.and 
any width of tire up to 8 Inches. With a set of these 
wheels you can In a few minutes have either a high 
or a low down wagon. The Elec-trlc Handy 
Wagon is made by skilled workmen, of best select¬ 
ed material—white hickory axles, steel wheels, steel 
hounds, etc. Guaranteed to carry 4000 lbs. Here is 
the wagon that will save money for you, as It 
lasts almost forever. Ourcntalog describing the uses 
of these wheels and wagons sent free. Write for it. 
ELECTRIC WHEEL CO., BOX 88 QUINCY, ILLINOIS. 
TLj, UaoI n„„._„forthelii8»tnioney,foT»njrpurpoM 
I ns nlOST rOW6r»“‘l'o(inii,oanboe«uredhomour 
Fearless Kalin ay llorso Powers. 
We melee them for 1,3, Send 4 horeefl, slth speed 
regulAtors. Uoequ*Iled for Cutting and 
Orindlng Feed, Sawing Wood, Thresh* 
ing, Pumping Water, ete. Also make 
Threshers, Engines, Feed Cutters,silos, 
ate. 2llxt4trat4d CatoXog Prtt, 
HARDER MFO. €0*, 
OobleskiU, N. T. 
\VW JIAVK A SPECIAI. OFFER FOR YOU ON 
ES^SILAGE CUTTERS 
Until August 25. Write for Catalogue to-day. 
IT MAY S A V K YOU MONEY. 
THRESHERS, CUTTERS, CARRIERS. 
Engines—Tread and Lever Powers. 
ALL MACHINES FULLY GUARANTEED. 
Orangeville Agricultural W’ks, Orangeville, Pa. 
Straight Straw, Rye andWheatThrasher 
Combined with Spike-Tooth Oat 
and Wheat Thrasher. 
Our Machine will 
thrash Rye or Wheat 
without bruising or 
breaking the straw, and 
tie It again In perfect 
bu ndles.Can be changed 
in fifteen minutes to a 
spike-tooth Oat, Wheat, 
Buckwheat, Barley and Corn Thrasher with stacker 
attached. Will thrash more grain with less power 
than any Thrasher built. Send for catalogue B to 
the GRANT-FEKRIS COMPANY, Troy, N. Y. 
Water Problem Solved. 
The Koger Well Drilling Machine gets 
t. The farmers’ friend. Especially for 
domestic well making. Cheapest by half 
and the most practical of any. 
Best money maker on the 
market. Cata¬ 
logue free. 
1. J. Koger Sl Sons 
Mooresburg, Tenn. 
SAWMILLS, 4H. 
P.cuts 2,()(X) feet per 
day—All Sizes—Plan¬ 
ers,Shingle Mills and 
Edgers with Patent 
Variable Friction 
Feed-PortableGrind- 
ing Mills, Water 
Wheels, Lath Mills, 
etc. Send for large 
Catalogue. Freight, 
don’t count. 
UefOACII nilil, inFO.COe 
Box 900 Atlanta, tia, 
114 liberty St., N. T. 
Make an Ear ly Season 
in advance of that which is undrained. We make all kinds of tile and 
Sewer Pipe, Red Pressed Brick, Fire Brick, Chimney 
Tops, Flues, Encaustic Side Walks, etc, wdte for wha% 
youwtmt. JOHN He JACKSON* 76 Third Ave., Albany, N.Y. 
