636 
September 6 
NOTES FROM THE RURAL GROUNDS 
Some More Pi^ums*—M id-season and 
late-ripening plums have resisted rot 
better than the early kinds. The fol¬ 
lowing varieties are bearing light crops 
on trees four to six years from planting: 
Whitaker is quite a reliable cropper 
when grown near Milton and others of 
the Wild Goose group, flowering at the 
same time. In tree and fruit it closely 
resembles Wild Goose, but Is here far 
more prolific and reliable, ine flesh 
does not seem quite so Arm and the 
quality not so acceptable as that of the 
old favorite with which it is compared. 
Klondike. —From the Huntsville Nur¬ 
series, Huntsville, Ala. This is a small 
yellow native of the Americana class, 
originating in Iowa. As ripened here 
the plums are not much larger than 
California cherries, clear yellow mottled 
with dull red. The skin is thick and 
tough, the stone large and nearly free. 
The quality is rich and sweet; one of 
the best of its class. Season, early Au¬ 
gust. The plums drop promptly when 
ripe, but keep fairly well. Tree an even 
but not rapid grower, inclined to be pro¬ 
ductive and bear early. 
America bore a few fruits on a four- 
year tree. They were somewnat larger 
than Wild Goose, nearly round in form. 
The color is yellow with a pink flush; 
flavor, watery and indifferent. The 
stringy flesh clings closely to the large 
stone. This is a Burbank hybrid be¬ 
tween a Japan and Robinson,, a Chica- 
saw variety. It does not seem very de¬ 
sirable. 
Charot (Japan) bears a fair crop on 
five-year trees. It is one of the largest 
and best of its class. The color is dull 
red and yellow, flesh firm and juicy, yel¬ 
low to the rather small stone. Quality 
very good, ranking with the best of 
large plums. Chabot resists rot prob¬ 
ably better than other pure Japans and 
comes in at a good time in late August. 
Tree an upright and healthy grower. 
Juicy.—T his is another of Burbank’s 
crosses between the native and Japan 
plum types. Our tree bears a few me¬ 
dium-sized bright yellow fruits with 
thin skins and soft watery flesh. The 
quality of the finest specimens can only 
be considered fair. The tree grows well 
but has a tendency to drop its leaves 
early. 
Aitken. —Two fine trees of this north¬ 
ern variety on native plum stocks were 
planted in favorable locations four years 
ago. One died after two seasons feeble 
growth. The other has twice set fruits, 
every one of which became affected with 
the Plum Pocket fungus and puffed up 
into a great bladder in May though 
there was none of the leaf-curl or twig 
enlargement usually associated with 
this disease, and no other plums in the 
vicinity have been troubled with it. 
Aitken belongs to the Canadian plum 
group, Prunus nigra, few of which suc¬ 
ceed well in the Atlantic States. It is 
claimed a good hardy variety for the 
Northwest but seems of no utility here. 
Spaulding. —Like most Domesticas 
this variety does not come into bearing 
at an early stage. We have trees four 
and eight years old respectively. The 
latter bore a few good-sized greenish- 
yellow fruits with a dense white bloom. 
The yellow flesh was tender and of very 
high quality; stone small, flat and near¬ 
ly free. The tree is a handsome upright 
grower. The variety seems excellent 
for home uses, but is probably not large 
nor showy enough for market. Season, 
mid-August. 
Tatge is another Domestica, so nearly 
resembling Lombard as to be considered 
quite identical. As grown here it is 
rather small, reddish violet, with blue 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
bloom. It is a rapid grower and sets a 
great number of fruits, most of whioti 
rot before they are half grown. The 
season is late August. Quality fair to 
good when fully ripened. 
A Study op FoitEiGN Cider Mae-ing. 
—Bulletin 71, Bureau of Chemistry, Uni¬ 
ted States Department of Agriculture, is 
an elaborate study of cider making in 
France, Germany and lilngland, with 
comparisons of American methods. The 
author is Prof. Wm. B. Aiwood, of the 
Virginia Agricultural Experiment Sta¬ 
tion, who was also commissioned as spe¬ 
cial agent of the Agricultural Depart¬ 
ment for carrying out investigations 
concerning vintage fruitis. The portions 
descriptive of the cider apples of the 
various countries, as well as the meth¬ 
ods of harvesting, storing and combining 
to produce a well flavored juice, are of 
great horticultural interest. It appears 
France is far ahead in the development 
of apple varieties suitable for rich and 
high-flavored ciders, as well as in judi¬ 
cious and cleanly ways of handling the 
fruits, which in the beet factories are 
ripened in storage bins until ready for 
the press. There are grown many varie¬ 
ties in Normandy and Brittany having 
a remarkably high sugar content, run¬ 
ning as high in some instances as 18 to 
zo per cent. As apples they are hard, 
sweet and bitter, but are preferred to 
all others for cider making. Euglanu 
has her Foxwheip and Kingston Black, 
containing iz to 14 per cent of sugar. 
Germany has a host of long-named local 
varieties of about the same make-up, 
while we put up with such kinds as Ked- 
streak. Russet, Winesap and Virginia 
Crab, with, with only 10 to IZ per cent 
of sugar. Growing apples for cider in 
this country is a very minor industry, 
if indeed it may be said to exist at ail. 
Alb a general thing only waste fruits are 
utilized in this way. it is to be hoped 
that cider making will never greatly in¬ 
crease with us if the juice is to be fer¬ 
mented in the European fashion, Apple 
juice, pressed in a cleanly manner from 
sound, ripe fruits of good quality, is a 
delicious and healthful beverage, too lit¬ 
tle known here. It may be preserved 
indefinitely in bottles or other airtight 
containers by the ordinary heat-sterili¬ 
zation process detailed on page 618, anu 
in this state is agreable and harmless to 
ail. The idea of preserving natural 
fruit juices without alteration of flavor 
or character by fermentation is gaining 
ground in all civilized countries, and 
will be productive of much good. The 
term “must” as applied to the express¬ 
ed juices of vintage fruits before fer¬ 
mentation, though correct in many mod¬ 
ern languages, has an objectionable 
sound and may well be discarded by 
those who like fruit flavors without al¬ 
coholic taint. w. V. f. 
A Fight For the Fruit. 
1 see that VV. V. F., on page 6(16, has 
trouble with frult-eatlng birds. If they 
were as troublesome everywhere as they 
are hei’e, appeals would be made to State 
legislatures to repeal the nonsensical laws 
protecting these nuisances. Un this place 
birds are 10 per cent worse than 12 years 
ago. and there are at least four times as 
many robins as then. Hardly anything 
escapes. We raise fruit only for family 
use, but would have enough for several 
families if allowed to ripen. This year 
we did not get a currant. There would 
have been bushels of black raspberries, 
but they were picked as fast as they be¬ 
came half ripe. Pearing that we would 
not have any I took the gun and shot 
robins and catbirds until they let that 
patch alone. Then came red raspberries, 
and by shooting, shooing and stone¬ 
throwing we managed to get a few. We 
have to pick the blackberries when half 
ripe. Next they attacked some choice 
early apples, and now I notice that grapes 
are pecked as fast as they color, so that 
there will not be a perfect bunch on 200 
feet of rows. 
New York. 
I notice several have complained of the 
damap done to fruit by birds. We have 
had the same trouble this year, our Japan 
plums were badly eaten by them. In fact, 
the red Junes which were rather scarce 
were entirely destroyed. They have also 
worked on the Astraehan apples. The cat¬ 
bird seems the most destructive with the 
robin good second. e v a 
New York. ’ 
ARHSTRONO & McKELVT 
Pittsburgh. 
BEYMER-BAUMAN 
Pittsburgh. 
DAVI8 -CHAMBERS 
Pittsburgh. 
FAHNESTOCK 
Pittsburgh. 
Cincinnati. 
ANCHOR 
ECKSTEIN 
ATLANTIC 
BRAPLEY 
BROOKLYN 
JEWETT 
ULSTER 
UNION 
SOUTHERN 
SHIPMAN 
COLLIER 
MISSOURI 
RED SEAL 
SOUTHERN 
JOHN T. LEWIS * BEOS CO 
Philadelphia. 
New York. 
Chicago. 
^St. Louis. 
MORLEY 
SALEM 
CORNELL 
KENTUCKY 
Cleveland. 
Salem. Mass. 
Buitalo. 
Louisville. 
ONSUMERS should bear 
mind that there are 
brands of White 
in 
many 
Lead (so called) which are claimed 
to be ‘‘just as good” or better 
than Pure White Lead, which 
contain little, if any. White Lead, 
but are simply mixtures of Zinc, 
Whiting and Barytes, or other 
cheap, inferior materials. 
Make sure that the brand is right. 
Those named in list are genuine. 
If interested in paint or painting, address 
National Lead Co., lOO William Street, New York. 
SAN JOSE SCALE. 
And other Insects can be Controlled by Using 
Good’s Caustic Potash Whale- 
Oil Soap No. 3. 
It also prevents Curl Leaf. Endorsed by Entomolo- 
glsts. This Soap is a FertlllEer as well as Insecticide. 
60-lb.Kegs,$2.50; 100-lb. Kegs, $4.50; Half-Barrel, 
270 lbs., SJ^c. per lb.; Barrel. 425 lbs., S^c. Large 
quantities, Special Kates. Send for Circulars. 
JAMBS GOOD, 939 N. Front St., Philadelphia, Pa, 
BUSHEL GRATES 
Our ventilated bushel crates I 
I are better and cheaper than 
1 baskets—8 cents each—made 
of best material. Shipped ^ 
ready to put together. Rook- ■ 
let No.l4t'ull particulars free. ( 
Geneva Cooperage Co..Geneva,0. [ 
WET AMD DRY ROT PREVENTED 
and fence posts, sills and all exposed timbers made to 
last Indefinitely by the use of CONSEllVO WOOD 
PRESEKVATIVK. It permeates and hardens 
wood, prevents working of wood worms, insects, etc. 
Cost but a trifle. Write for free circular. 
.SAMUEL CABOT, Mfg, Chenalst, 
81 Kilby Street. Boston, Mass. 
NO PAINTING REeUlllED 
Koofing. Can 
be easily laid 
as the work 
only consists of 
mailing and ce¬ 
menting the 
joints. Samples,prices & booklet giving instructions 
ASPHALT READY ROOFING CO ^ for laying sent 
82 Pine St., New York. fvee postpaid. 
Best for Water 
PRICES 
PRICES 
RALPH B. CARTER CO. 
26 Cortlandt St., New York, N. Y. 
DRILLING 
MACHINES 
WELL 
i 
THE MERIT of YEARS 
attaches to this roofing. It is 
known and used in every sec¬ 
tion of the whole country. 
FIRE, WIND and 
WATER PROOF, 
id arable and low In price. Be¬ 
ing soft and pliable, it is easy 
to fit and lay. Exposure makes 
Send for Sample and Circular, 
teas bard as slate. _ __ _ 
THE A. P. SWAN CO., 114 Nassau St., NEW YORK. 
Over 70 sizes and styles, for drilling either deep or 
shallow wells In any kind of soil or rock. Mounted 
on wheels or on sills. With engines or horse powers. 
Strong, simple and durable. Any mechanic can 
operate them easily. Send for catalog. 
WILLIAMS BROS., Ithaca, N. Y. 
READY 
ROOFING 
Buy of us Direct and 
Save Money. 
Best goods. Ourprlcea 
surprise. Write us. 
S. E. McDonough & co. 
Dept. C., Pittsburgh, Pa. 
CLARK’S 
Clark’s Reversible Bush 
Plow and Harrow. 
Cuts a track 5 ft. wide, 1 
ft. deep. Death to busbe.s 
witch grass. Kills any 
bush, grass, rose or plant 
that grows. Can plow a 
newly cut forest,stump or 
bog land, leaves the laud 
true and clean for grain or any crop. 
Clark’s Dbl. Action 
Cutaway Harrow. 
Moves 15,(XX) tons of earth a 
day. 
Clark’s 8 ft. Smoothing 
Harrow, • 
will smooth an acre as true as a 
mill pond in 20 minutes. 
Clark’s Cider Mills, 
for horse, hand or steam power. 
From five gallons to eight barrels. 
Perfect Grinders. Will grind 75 
bushels per hour easily. Send for 
circulars. 
CUTAWAY HARROW CO. 
Higganum, Conn., U. S. A. 
Monarch Stump Puller 
WIU pull 6-foot stump in three mlnutcM. 
Guaranteed to stand 250,(XX) lbs. strain. 
For illustrated catalogue and dlsoonnti 
lydiirasa KOlsrABCH <3KUBBBR CO., Lone Tree. U. 
‘‘NEW RIVAL” 
Loaded Black Powder Shells 
shoot stronger and reload better 
than any other black powder 
shells on the market, because 
they are loaded more carefully 
and made more scientifically. 
Try them. They are 
THE niJNTER’8 EAVORITE, 
