19U3 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
685 
AMERICAN POMOLOOICAL SOCIETY 
MEETS. 
At the invitation of the Massachusetts 
Horticultural Society the American Pomo- 
logical Society held its twenty-eighth bi¬ 
ennial session in the beautiful new Horti¬ 
cultural Building, Boston, September 10-12. 
The attendance was very satisfactory, av¬ 
eraging over 250 members, and the meeting 
as a whole was successful and instructive. 
This old and highly useful association 
seems now stronger than ever, and is doing 
.splendid work for American horticulture. 
There was a magnificent exhibit, interna¬ 
tional in character, comprising over 2,000 
plates of fruits, representing Canada, a 
majority of the States of the Union, Cuba, 
Porto Rico, Bermuda and Hawaii. Cocoa- 
nuts. mangoes, lemons and alligator pears 
made up the tropical exhibits, while al¬ 
most every known variety of tree and vine 
fruit was represented in the immense home 
collection. The highest colored apples 
came from Canada and the best peaches 
from West Virginia. Cornell University 
contributed some remarkably fine plums, 
Michigan sent a large collection of apples, 
plums, grapes and peaches, but the Minne¬ 
sota Slate Horticultural Society had the 
gem of the exhibition In the way of 303 
varieties of seedling apples, all Fall and 
Winter ripening kinds, grown by Mrs. T. 
K. Perkins, Red Wing, Minn., from seeds 
of Mallnda pollenlzed by Wealthy, Duchess, 
Perry and Haas, planted in 1893. They 
were generally large and well colored. An¬ 
other attractive feature was a beautifully 
finished lot of pears, in 40 varieties, from 
the estate of the late Marshall P. Wilder, 
exhibited by his son. Wisconsin had a re¬ 
markably fine lot of seedling native plums, 
and South Dakota came in with 20 new 
kinds of Improved Sand cherries, the result 
of careful breeding and selection. Aside 
from a splendid showing of Japan Aura- 
tum lilies there was nothing unusual in the 
floral exhibits. A Massachusetts woman 
had a fine lot of the insipid Strawberry- 
raspberry, Rubus rosaefolius, in fruit and 
flower, also cans of the brilliant berries 
tastefully preserved. It was shown as the 
rare “India” raspberry, known by botanists 
for 100 years, but never before propagated 
in Massachusetts. Orders for plants of this 
showy fruit were taken at a lively rate 
from visitors until the exhibitor was made 
acquainted with Its real nature, when she 
gracefully withdrew. 
Several Interesting papers were read dur¬ 
ing the afternoon session of the first day. 
J. Horace McFarland, of Harrisburg, Pa., 
made a strong plea for beautiful and es¬ 
thetic as well as utilitarian features In fruit 
gardens. He was so exercised by the loss 
of beauty in some of the exhibits caused 
by the dull red walls and shiny white 
plates that he had a quantity of tinted 
cardboard hurriedly expressed from his 
home on which a number of fine clusters 
of grapes were displayed. It must be ad¬ 
mitted that the new arrangement was a 
great relief to the dull monotony of the 
general run of exhibits. Dr. C. L. Marlatt, 
of the National Department of Agriculture, 
told about the San Jos6 scale In its native 
Chinese home, and the discovery and Im¬ 
portation of its natural enemy, the Oriental 
lady-beetle, which it is hoped will overcome 
the scale pest here. G. Harold Powell, As¬ 
sistant Pomologist United States Depart¬ 
ment of Agriculture, emphasized the great 
importance of cold storage in broadening 
our foreign fruit markets and equalizing 
the home distribution of variable crops. 
The great success of the day, however, was 
Dr. L. H. Bailey’s address on “The Atti¬ 
tude of the Schools to Country Life,” which 
was warmly applauded. The Doctor main¬ 
tained that our schools,*as a whole, do not 
at present foster a love for rural pursuits, 
and that the universities and colleges still 
further tend to direct students to city life. 
The true agricultural college should have 
the higher mission of upholding the dig¬ 
nity of winning a livelihood in the country. 
It should teach the college and university 
student something of the lmr.ortance of 
agriculture; it should solve the scientific 
problems presented by that complex pur¬ 
suit, and above all. It should reach the 
everyday farm home, for one-third of the 
people live by the plow and the other two- 
thirds live because the former follow that 
noble occupation. 
The report of the committee on nomen¬ 
clature, changing the code so as to guard 
against confusion in the naming of new 
fruits, was unanimously adopted. 
The Thursday evening session was given 
over to a discussion of “The Progress of 
Pomology In America,” under charge of 
Prof. John Craig, Cornell University. The 
progress In the various localities was de¬ 
scribed by Dr. F. M. Hexamer, New York; 
Wm. C. Strong, Waban, Mass.; Prof. W. 
C. Macoun, Ottawa, Canada; Wm. Craig, 
Jr., Abbotsford, P. Q.; C. R. H. Starr, 
Wolfvllle, N. S.; Prof. Wm. H. Ragan, 
Greencastle, Ind.; Col. G. B. Brackett, 
Washington. D. C. The Friday programme 
opened with the election of officers for the 
coming two years as follows: President. J. 
H. Hale, South Glastonbury, Conn.; secre¬ 
tary, Prof. John Craig, Ithaca, N. Y.; first 
vice-president, Chas. W. Garfield, Grand 
Rapids, Mich.; treasurer. Prof. L. R. Taft, 
Agricultural College, Mich. 
The report of the Ad Interim Committee 
on examination of new fruits recommended 
the award of the Wilder medal to the Hiley 
peach, and submitted a number of promis¬ 
ing new fruits for further trial. The re¬ 
port was later adopted. President-elect J. 
H. Hale read an instructive paper on 
“Grading and Packing Fruits for Long 
Shipment.” Fruits for long-distance ship¬ 
ment must be grown for that purpose. 
There is practically no season for special 
fruits on account of new shipping facili¬ 
ties. Fruits should be grown on high land, 
with good air drainage and on open trees. 
Air, sunlight and fair maturity on tree are 
needed for long shipments. Essentials are 
careful picking in firm packages, no springy 
baskets; get quickly from tree to packing 
shed. Grade by hand, machines are little 
good. Strong, rigid and light packages are 
best. Wrapping In paper for shipments of 
I, 000 miles and over is very beneficial. Pack 
carefully and tightly; get into refrigerator 
car or cold storage at once. Get from tree 
to storage as fast as possibly consistent 
with safe handling. Stripping foliage from 
early peaches ripens the fruits up bright 
and firm, but lowers quality and Injures 
trees. Grow good varieties, as consumer 
pays all expenses in the end. 
“Fruit Inspection and the Export Trade” 
was the subject of a paper read by Hon. 
W. A. McKinnon, Chief of Fruit Division, 
Canadian Department of Agriculture. He 
detailed the workings of the new Dominion 
inspection law. and claimed that it has 
largely eliminated frauds in packing for ex¬ 
port, and Canadian apples are consequently 
taking a high place in European markets. 
The various grades are marked on the bar¬ 
rels in an intelligible manner, and if the 
contents of a given package do not answer 
to the grade mark a heavy fine is exacted. 
Frauds injure not only the direct shipper 
but all others, as honest shippers must 
meet unfair competition. The paper stirred 
up a lively discussion, which resulted in a 
resolution to appoint a committee of five to 
report on the desirability of recommending 
the passage of State and National fruit 
inspection laws. 
Geo. T. Powell, Ghent, N. Y., answered 
the question, “Should Commercial Fruit 
Growers Plant High Quality Varieties?” 
The public taste is in danger of deteriorat¬ 
ing from the flood of low quality fruits 
now offered. Growers should produce va¬ 
rieties of known high quality, and thus 
educate the purchaser to his own and the 
grower’s advantage. “Pure Food Legisla¬ 
tion and Its Relation to the Fruit Grower,” 
by Dr. W. D. Bigelow, Bureau of Chem¬ 
istry. United States Department of Agri¬ 
culture, was a rather technical paper ad¬ 
vocating more legislation for the inspection 
by the National Government of fruit pro¬ 
ducts such as jellies, etc., so that the con¬ 
sumer in any part of the world may rely 
on pure products guaranteed by govern¬ 
mental inspection marks. In the afternoon 
the delegates, as guests of the Massachu¬ 
setts Horticultural Society, were driven 
through Boston’s elaborate park system, 
including the Arnold Arboretum. 
Chas. W. Garfield, chairman of the exec¬ 
utive committee, presided over the evening 
session, which was devoted to five-minute 
talks on “Ideals in Pomology.” J. B. Ward, 
described “The Ideal Cluster of Grapes” 
as large and shapely, shouldered if pos¬ 
sible, black in color, high, rich quality; 
must not shell, should have thin skin, must 
be borne on strong canes and vine must be 
productive and a good healthy grower 
Newberry Muscat Is about ideal in quality, 
leaves the most delicate taste in mouth. 
“The Ideal Dessert Pear,” according to E. 
W. Wood, must have the quality of Seckel 
but should be larger. Dana’s Hovey is equal 
to the famed Seckel, ripens just at Thanks¬ 
giving "and Is worth twice as much In the 
New England markets, bringing $7 per 
bushel. “The Ideal Pomological Exhibit,” 
Mr. Taylor said, should not be shown on 
white plates against red brick wall. Na¬ 
ture surrounds fruits with green leaves. 
Much is to be learned regarding fruit ex¬ 
hibits. “The Ideal Red Raspberry for 
Home Use” was described by Mr. McConn 
as vigorous, productive; should have good 
size and high flavor. The plant should be 
hardy and have a long bearing season. 
Juiciness and bright color in fruits are de¬ 
sirable. Clarke and Herbert varieties have 
these requirements in Canada. Next to 
strawberry the red raspberry is our best 
Summer fruit. J. H. Hale thought “The 
Ideal Fruit Package” should be neat, at¬ 
tractive, light and strong; should expose 
as much of the fruit as possible when 
opened; should be as large as consumers 
can be induced to buy; something that 
may be carried home is best. “The Ideal 
Dessert Apple.” according to Mr. Munson’s 
idea, should be attractive in appearance, 
good quality, crisp, rich and juicy. Mother 
is about best quality in New England; oth¬ 
er varieties in different localities. 
“The Ideal Education for the Fruit Grow¬ 
er,” in Mr. Butterfield’s view, is a matter 
of home training among congenial country 
surroundings, supplemented by a course in 
horticulture In a good agricultural college. 
“The Ideal Professional Fruit Grower,” Mr. 
Gulley insisted, must make money by 
growing the finest fruits, he must love his 
business and be original in his methods; 
should grow best kinds and put them on 
the market in good condition. Prof. Van 
Deman said “The Ideal Cooking Apple” 
should have a good constitution in tree 
and be easy to grow in nursery. Good- 
sized fruits of good form can be pared most 
easily. High color is not needed, but good 
flavor before and after cooking is essential. 
Several varieties were recommended to suit 
different localities. Fall Pippin, Grimes, 
Bellflower, McIntosh, Spy and Rhode Isl¬ 
and Greening are all good ones; Fall Pip¬ 
pin probably best of all. “The Ideal Hor¬ 
ticultural Society.” Mr. Barry explained, 
should be for the purpose of exchanging 
Information. Each member should be will¬ 
ing to help all he can; short papers, 
speeches, plenty of questions. The presid¬ 
ing officer should call out best information. 
According to Mr. Taft there are two kinds 
of “Ideal Amateur Fruit Gardener.” One 
grows his fruits for use, the other for the 
love of seeing it grow. Both are good. He 
should breed new kinds, must fertilize, 
prune, spray and take special care in each 
step. Prof. Lazenby said the “Ideal 
Method of Using Table Fruits” was to 
serve in the natural state as far as pos¬ 
sible. Prof. Card’s impression of “The 
Ideal Blackberry” was a hardy, thornless 
plant sending up few canes; berries large, 
firm, sweet, ripe when fully black. “The 
Ideal Amateur Pomologist” in Mr. Taylor’s 
estimation, is a most useful individual. 
Many discoveries and Inventions are due to 
amateurs. The ideal amateur does not hide 
his knowledge and attainments. Prof. 
Craig thought "The Ideal Fruit Grower’s 
Home” was not often enough met with. 
There Is room for Improvement in most 
country homes. House should have a good 
outlook; should be neat and plain and 
planned for convenience of tbo women; 
should be surrounded by a neat lawn and 
framed amid trees, shrubs and vines. Prof. 
Waugh has written several horticultural 
text-books and from his experience con¬ 
cludes “The Ideal Fruit Grower’s Text¬ 
book” should have real information, but 
contain principles rather than facts. Good 
arrangement is very essential. Mr. Col- 
lingwood, of The R. N.-Y., closed the sym¬ 
posium by some Impressive remarks on 
“The Ideal Occupation for the Decline of 
Life.” One of the greatest difficulties is to 
close a busy life usefully and hopefully. 
Planting and caring for a young orchard in 
the decline of life is the noblest occupation 
of man, who thus extends his usefulness to 
the coming generation. 
The closing session on Saturday was 
given over to reports of committees and 
the following papers: “Judging Fruits by 
the Scale of Points,” by Prof. F. A. 
Waugh. Amherst, Mass.; “Waste in Ap¬ 
ples,” by Prof. W. R. T..azenby, Columbus, 
O.; “Fruit Culture in the Pacific North¬ 
west,” by Prof. S. W. Fletcher, Ithaca, N. 
Y.. and “Pomology at the St. Louis World’s 
Fair.” by Prof. F. W. Taylor, St. Louis, 
Mo. Prof. Waugh said that domestic ani¬ 
mals and flowers have long been judged by 
scales of points, and it was a pressing ne¬ 
cessity that a definite scale be fixed for 
each of the various fruits. Many scales 
were quoted, but more nearly perfect score 
cards were needed. Prof. Lazenby found 
less real waste in apples than other fruits. 
Not over 30 per cent is rejected in ordi¬ 
nary culinary methods. Poor market fruits 
give about 23 per cent waste. Best apples 
contain most water; about 87 per cent of 
water in perfect fruits, less in knotty ones. 
Prof. Fletcher gave much interesting In¬ 
formation about the apple and prune or¬ 
chards of Washington and Oregon. Prunes 
are less profitable than formerly, and the 
apples, while very fine, now have much 
scab. 
Prof. Taylor described the magmiflcent 
Horticultural Building, containing over 
four acres of floor space, at the coming St. 
Louis Fair, and urged all pomologlsts to 
exhibit good specimens. A resume of the 
work accomplished at this meeting of the 
American Pomological Society shows a 
great preponderance of theoretical discus¬ 
sion. A listener might have learnd how to 
pack an apple, but he got no information 
how to grow one. This is perhaps as well. 
There are plenty of State and county horti¬ 
cultural societies where the practical points 
are brought out. This venerable National 
Association stands for the highest ideals 
in pomology and general horticulture. 
W. V. F. 
Spraying for Plum Rot.— About a month 
ago I sprayed a plum tree (German prune) 
with coal-oil emulsion, to try to save a 
part of the ripening and rotting plums. I 
gave it a thorough wetting. It had nearly 
a half-bushel of fruit on at the time, and 
half as many rotten and rotting ones. Two 
weeks later I gathered nearly a peck of 
good sound plums with no taste of kero¬ 
sene or whale-oil soap that I used in the 
emulsion. For several years past the 
plums have all rotted in spite of Bordeaux. 
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