772 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
November 
i 
FARMERS’ CLUB 
[Every query must be accompanied by 
the name and address of \he writer to in¬ 
sure attention. Before a-sking a que.stion. 
please see whether it is rot answered in 
our advertising columns. Ask only a few 
questions at one time. Put que.sdon.s on a 
separate piece of paper.] 
Faefs About Dwarf Pears. 
J. II. /)., IVesf Point, Fa.—I wish to propa¬ 
gate some dw'arf pears. Is the pear root- 
grafted or budded on the quince seedling? 
What pear is the best to plant with the 
Duchess for pollinating effect? What dif¬ 
ference is there in the bearing age of the 
dwarf and standard Duchess? 
—Dwarf pears are budded on tbe 
quince seedlings; the Angers quince is 
the strongest stock, yet the Orange and 
its kindred are often used to good ad¬ 
vantage, Almost any time during the 
month of August will answer for the 
budding. The Duchess pear is a self- 
pollenizer, and it is not necessary to 
grow any other variety near it for this 
purpose, how'ever, as with all fruits, 
when grown together, each variety is 
improved, especially in flavor. We ad¬ 
vise the Sheldon and Seckel to grow 
with the Duchess. I have fruited the 
Kieffer within a few feet of the Bartlett 
and Seckel and the flavor was so 
changed and improved that some of my 
horticultural friends thought they were 
eating Bartletts. The dwarf Duchess 
will, under favorable conditions, bear 
a nice crop of fruit, say 30 to 40 pears, 
the third year after planting. The 
standard Duchess will, average a bushel 
of fruit the fifth year from setting when 
properly cared for and thoroughly cul¬ 
tivated. T. J. D. 
Sod for a Mountain Orchard. 
A. A. li., Waynesvillc, N. C.—Nature decreed 
the sod culture of this orchard when she 
made the land so steep and liable to wash¬ 
ing. The greater part of it has been in 
grass for years and wiTh satisfactory re¬ 
sults in the main. But part of the land was 
worn out before the orchard was set on 
it, and no means have been taken to build 
it up. The present sod is mainly Blue 
grass and White clover, and grass and 
trees alike looked feeble when I took hold 
last year. Liberal applications of com¬ 
mercial fertilizer and some stable manure 
have helped the grass wonderfully this year, 
but so far little improvement is noticeable 
in the trees. What is the proper course? 
Ought the land to be broken shallow and a 
heavily fertilized crop of cow peas grown 
and turned in, or ought the grass to be left 
and fertilized until the trees eventually get 
it? The orchard would be resown to grass 
—probably Orchard grass and Red clover 
after the peas. The trees are about 15 years 
old and the land a strong clay, but exhaust¬ 
ed. Is Blue grass a suitable sod grass for 
orchards? I have been advised that the 
sod is too close. 
Ans.—T he orchard mentioned is one 
which I visited several years ago, and 
know its peculiarly steep and stony con¬ 
dition. It is indeed one that is destined 
to be kept in sod if the soil is to be re¬ 
tained. The part that is on old land 
is called worn out, is not exhausted of 
its potash and phosphoric acid, but is 
almost devoid of humus and the needed 
supply of nitrogen. The plan proposed, 
VO cultivate in cow peas and then seed 
down to Orchard grass and Red clover, 
after breaking up the Blue grass and 
White clover sod, which is too compact, 
is very good. If other orchardists have 
different views of this case, it would be 
well to state them. n. k. v. d. 
Blackberries Among Cherries. 
n. A. M., Mechaniesburg, Pa.—We are tak¬ 
ing your good advice of recent date, and 
planting our sour cherries 20 feet apart. 
We intend to work and fertilize them, do¬ 
ing the work with double-action Cutaway 
harrows: and, in order to get a quick crop, 
we think of planting two rows of black¬ 
berries between the cherry trees, at in¬ 
tervals of seven feet between rows and five 
feet between bushes. Do you think this 
is a good proposition? Blackberries are 
rather high in pride ^in the Harrisburg 
market, and we had thought of Wilson Jr. 
and Lawton for varieties. If you were 
making a plantation, would you plant 
these in preference to any other varieties, 
or are there better varieties for this sec¬ 
tion of the country? What may be ex¬ 
pected as to yield of an acre thus planted? 
You see, we get only half the land in 
blackberries: so we would have to divide 
the yield of a normally or full-planted acre 
by two. to get the result of an acre on this 
plan. Will they average one, two or three 
quarts to the bush? This is rather import¬ 
ant to us, in fact all these questions are, 
for we anticipate planting 10,000 blackber¬ 
ries. Also, would you prefer raspberries 
for a portion of the plantation? 
Ans. —The plan of growing blackber¬ 
ries between rows of cherry trees set 20 
feet apart is all right if for the first few 
years only. Two rows will be enough in 
each space. The Wilson Jr. is not hardy 
enough in Penn.sylvania, and the Law- 
ton has been superseded in quality by 
some others, except when it is very well 
ripened, which stage it is rarely allowed 
to reach, because it turns black before 
it is really ripe. Early Harvest, Minne- 
waska and Mersereau are some of the 
best kinds. With only half the land in 
berries, as would be the present case, 
there could not reasonably be expected 
more than 3,000' quarts of berries per 
acre, although, with very good culture, 
there may sometimes be more than that 
amount produced. ir. e. v. d. 
WHITE WYANDOTTE FOWLS AND 
THEIR CARE. 
On our first page are .shpwn pictures of 
White Wyandotte pullets and cockerels. 
Clymer S. Menges, who bred this stock, 
gives us the following facts about his 
breeds and their care: 
The pullets shown were hatched about ' 
March 20: some were hatched under 
hens, but most of them in the in¬ 
cubator. As soon as the hatch is well 
cleaned up, we take the little chicks 
out of the incubator and place them in 
an outd.oor brooder that has been 
warmed to 95 degrees. I think that 10 
times as many chicks have been killed 
from under heating as from over¬ 
heating; therefore, when I find the tem¬ 
perature under the circuliar hover at 100 
degrees it does not worry me in the 
least. In fact, I would rather have it 
at 100 degrees for the first week or 10 
days than anything below 95 degrees. 
We usually arrange to put the chicks 
in the brooder in the forenoon, and the 
first feed is given them toward night. 
The feed consists of wheat, oat flake 
and cracked corn. I omitted to say that 
the back half of brooder floor is covered 
with .sand, the front with chaff. They 
are fed five times a day the first month, 
after that three times a day, when we 
begin feeding a mash at noon, consist¬ 
ing of bran, wheat middlings, cornmeal, 
ground oats and beef scrap thoroughly 
mixed and moistened to a crumbly con¬ 
sistency. Perhaps one of the worst 
stumbling blocks in the way of the be¬ 
ginner is getting little chicks out of 
brooder on the ground in early Spring. 
When the weather is cold, they soon 
become chilled and at once begin tb' 
crowd, their favorite place being in a 
corner or under a run, if there hap¬ 
pens to be one, and unless discovered, 
in a few minutes they will al,l be in a 
pile and those at the bottom trampled 
to death. Make yards without corners, 
and if there is a run in front of brooder 
contract entrance to yard to sides of 
run. 
In about a month the yard is removed 
and the chicks allowed to run free. As 
soon as sex can be determined pullets 
are separated from the cockerels, and 
moved to the meadows, where they are 
placed in colony houses and given ab¬ 
solutely free range. The cockerels con¬ 
tinue to occupy the lawn and adjoin¬ 
ing meadows for the purpose of adver¬ 
tising the quality of my stock to 
passers by. The pullets shown in Fig. 
288 commenced to lay September 2, and 
by October 10 most of them were lay¬ 
ing. They were moved in Winter quar¬ 
ters October 15. We have been very 
successful with our White Wyandottes 
this year; they are stronger and better 
than ever, never having a setback from 
the time they were hatched. At the 
present writing, we have 200 fine cock¬ 
erels, most of them above standard 
weight. I have always thought that the 
best was none too good, so that when 
introducing new bipod I have bought of 
breeders who proved the superiority of 
their stock by winning the blue ribbons 
at Madison Square Garden. I am a firm 
believer in purebred fowls for the fol¬ 
lowing reasons. They are more uniform 
in color, and a large flock of one color 
is strikingly handsome, and it is a 
pleasure to care for them; there is also 
more uniformity in size and shape, and 
when sold for market purposes com¬ 
mand the best prices. Also, when a 
pure breed is kept a good many cock¬ 
erels can be sold for breeding purposes 
at a much higher price than they would 
bring were they scrubs, and had to be 
sold for market purposes. In the breed¬ 
ing season there is always a good de- ' 
mand for eggs for hatching. For the 
last three years we have found a ready j 
sale for all that we could spare at from 
$1 to $2 per sitting, or ?5 to $10 in lots | 
of 100 or more, the difference in price 
depending on the show quality of the 
breeding stock, and as a breed for the 
fancier and a general purpose fowl for 
the farmer, the White Wyandotte can¬ 
not be excelled. 
THE TREE OF LIFE -n 
is one budded upon a branched root seedling, nuds 
taken from bearing tree.s, grown upon tlie famous 
Michigan fruit land, dug by our root protecting 
tree digger and handled in our mammoth storage 
collars. Small fruits and everything in nursery 
and greenhouse lines true to name at wholesale 
Ijrlces. t3CWe guarantee safe delivery. 
Catalogue FREE. Write today. 
CENTRAL MICHIGAN NURSERY, Kalamazoo, Mich. 
Michigan’ 
“Things are wrong,” remarked the 
Observer of Events and Things, “when 
a reputable physician has to pay money 
for a certificate to practice, and a 14- 
year-old girl with a new piano doesn’t.” 
—Yonkers Statesman. 
Funnixian; “He’s undergoing a spe¬ 
cies of voice training, I believe, to fit 
him for his political work.” Jenkins: 
“Voice training?” Funniman: “Yes. 
He’s training his ‘voice of conscience’ to 
keep still.”—Philadelphia Ledger. 
For the land’s sake, use Bowker’s Fer¬ 
tilizers. They enrich the earth.— Adv. 
RASPBERRY PLANTS FOR SALE. 
Prom strong growing and very productive patches. 
“The Marlborough,” from the town where It origi¬ 
nated; also, “ The Bontant,” a valuable variety later 
than “The Marlborough.” Price, per M. Spring 
or Fall delivery Address. J. S. CARPENTER, Pine 
Tree Farm, Marlborough, N. Y. 
\M to sell Nursery stock Whole 
IlnlllLlJ or part time; fast selling specialties; 
choice territory. X’rotectlvo N urseries, Geneva, N. Y. 
FOOTE’S TaS? book 
The only PRACTICAL farm account book. Size 11J4 
by 17 inches, half leather binding, 4 plots for maps 
and special ruled pages for all necessary memoranda. 
Useful farm tables, etc. Send $2.50 for it, or write 
for circular 
N. S. FOOTE & 00., Middlebury, Vt. 
p W A ■■ ■ A I n The great “moneymaker” in 
tAutLolUn STRAWBERRIES. 
The earliest berry ^own and The Best Early Market Berry* 
Its superior carryin]^ qualities and beautiful red color make 
it very popular In All tbe big merkete.. 1 b&ve millioos of pUnte of thia and 
w. F. ALLEN. Salisbury. Md. 
TDEES SUCCEED WHERE 
Largest Nursery. OTHERS FAIL 
,, Fruit Book Free. Result of 78 years’ experience 
^crtDV’ RDAR I ntilalanfl. Mn • nAnfivlIle. N. V.t P.tn 
PEACH 
and other FRUIT TREES at fair 
prices. Circular free. R S. JOHN¬ 
STON. Box 4, Stockley. Del. 
100,000 Apple, 200,000 Peach, 
80M. SOUR CHERRY. Low Prices. Catalogue. 
WOODVIEW NURSERIES, B. 2, Mt. Holly Sprlngs.Pa 
111 who gather or cultivate GINSENG will do well 
ALL to write for prices before selling. Address, 
LEMUEL BLACK, Exporter of Raw Furs and Dealer 
In Ginseng. Hlghtstown, N. J . Lock Box 48. Refer¬ 
ence: First National Bank of Hlghtstown. 
NORTHERN GROWN TREES. 
Best climate. Best soli. Best for the Emit 
Grower, Best for Agent and Dealer. Best Cata 
logue, Best Prices. My treatment and trees make 
permanent customers. Once tried, always wantea 
Catalogue free. Instructive, Interesting. 
MARTIN VYAHL, Rochester, N T 
SE 
;ed 
IS 
GE 
lAND 
lAI 
N 
PECAN TREES AND NUTS seedling tr^es. (I,Sand 
8 years old.) THK 0. n. BACON BKCAN CO., (Inc.) Dewitt, Oa. 
Red Alslke, Crimson and Alfalfa 
Clovers. Timothy and Grass Seeds. 
Hungarian, Millet & Buckwheat. 
Dwarf Essex Rape and Sand 
Vetches. Turnip Seed and Seed 
Wheat. 
Feeding corn and Oats In car 
lots, deUvered on your track. 
Clipper Grain & Seed Cleaners 
Let Us Know Your Wants. 
The Henry Philipps Seed & Implement Co,, 
Department “A,” Toledo, Ohio. 
ALFALFA 
THE GREAT PROTEIH CLOVER. 
Our booklet tells all about 
it, free. Prize Medals two 
AmericanExpositions, and 
at Paris (France), 1900. 
The G. A. Smurthwaite Produce Co., 
OGDEN, UTAH. 
$25,000 made from one-half acre. 
Easily grown throughout the U. 8. 
and Canada. Room In your garden 
to grow thousands of dollars’ 
worth. Roots and seeds for sale. Send 4c. for post- 
|,ge and get our booklet C. W telling all about It. 
MCDOWELL GINSENG GARDEN. Joplin, Mo. 
My Illustratod Catalogue of Trees and Plants at 
WHOLESALE ERICES, Buy direct, and save 
commissions. 1 pay the freight when cash accom¬ 
panies order. 
E. O. PETERSON, MONTROSE NURSERIES, 
Montrose, N. Y. 
Enormous Bearing 
as well as its tender,juicy, fine flavored 
fruit and hardy character, makes the 
York Imperial the favorite winter 
apple. Excellent keeper, shapely and 
! fine colored. Should oe on every list. 
Jonathan and 34 other choice varieties 
CATALOGUE FREE. 
HARRISOR'S NURSERIES, Box 29, Btrllo. Id. 
A r*> STARK GRAPE NURSERIES are in the heart of the famous Chautauqua 
Ij 1^ y^ Gra])e Belt, which produces the finest vines grown in the U. S. W*e have 
* ■—w an immense stock of all leading sorts; quality perfect; prices low as those of 
« y > m T w-v ^ any reputable grower. Send us your orders—one vine or a car load. A com- 
V I IX K* ^ plete line of fruit trees, small cx A Dk’' D Ork’C PORTLAND, N. Y. 
V 4 1 V fruits, etc. Price List free. •O 1 /VKISk dKW O'" 
fruits, etc. Price List free. 
Louisiana, Mo. 
etc., have been the standard of excellence for half a 
century. Tbe best always cheapest. Have hundreds 
of carloads of 
Fruits and Ornamentals. 
40 acres of Hardy Roses including 46,000 of the 
famous Crimson Rambler. 44 greenhouses of Palme. 
Ficus, Ferns,Roses, etc. Correspondence solicited. Catalogue free. 60th year. 1000acres. 
THE STORRS & HARRISON CO., Painesville, O. 
FOR FALL 
DULBS planting 
tures for the lawn MMA 
and pleasure ground. ■■CflfflF A1 
Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocus, Narcissus, Lilies, &c. 
OuK New Bulb ( atalogub is sent free. It tells 
all about the best bulbs, also seasonable seeds 
and plants, including our celebrated grass mix- 
DREER, Philadelphia, Pa. 
MONTMORENCY 
CHERRY TREES, two-year-old, bred from Geo. T. Powell's 
Orchards. Send for prices of these and other business trees. 
ROGERS ON THE HILL, Dansville, N. Y. 
TDCC^J ?8 PER 100 
I K J" I" Don’t buy until 
I 11 Li w price. Addre 
APPLE, PEAR, CHERRY, and PEACH, healthy, true to name and 
I Fumigated. All kinds of trees and plants allow wholesale prices. 
buy until you get our catalogue, which is free, or send list of wants for special 
Address RELIANCE NURSERY, Box 10, Geneva, New York. 
Pays for our 
Magazine 
For 6 Months 
FOR NEW SUBSCRIBERS ONLY, 
REEN’S FRVIT GROWER 
AND HOME COMPANION 
Established 22 years. Oldest magazine and the one having the largest 
circulation of its kind in the world. 20 to 40 large pages, illustrated. 
See Our "Deparlmenlj aj Follotuj: 
Departments of Health, Poultry, Good Cheer, Nature Study, 
Youth’s, Woman’s Work, Fashions, Prof. Van Deman’s 
Fruit Replies, St ories, Adventures, Farm, &c. _ 
Subscribers say they cannot keep house without it. If you try it, you 
will buy it, and like it. Subscribersjnake $10. to $15. w'eekly at 
home. Don’t delay. Send Ten Cents for Six Months to 
GREEN’S FRUIT GROWER., Rochester. N. Y. 
Mention this paper and get our Illustrated Fruit Book Free. 
