852 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
December 12 
FARMERS' CLUB 
[Every query must be accompanied by 
the name and address of \he \v liter to in¬ 
sure attention. Before asking a question, 
please see whether it is .^’ot answered in 
our advertising columns. Ask only a few 
questions at one time. Put questions on a 
separate piece of paper.] 
WHAT TO DO WITH BONES. 
F. C., Molieyan, Conn.—l can obtain the 
bones and trimmings from butcher’s cart; 
also bones from slaughter house. What 
would be the cheapest and best way to 
make them available for fertilizing pur¬ 
poses? How would It do to use a bone 
cutter for the bones? Could potash be 
mixed with the bone and covered with rich 
dirt? Would this save the ammonia, or 
could they be better treated with acids, 
and if so, what would be the process? 
A’^ould they be better let alone; that is, 
would they cost more than the product 
would be worth for a fertilizer? 
Ans. —The fertilizer manufacturers 
have trouble in preparing bone properly 
even with their powerful machinery. 
Their object is to separate the plant food 
in the bone from the parts which may 
be used for other purposes. The bones 
are steamed under powerful pressure. 
This cooks out the fat, which rises to 
the surface and is skimmed off and used 
for soap-making or other purposes. Some 
lean meat and gristle is also separated 
from the bone by this steaming. This 
is dried and ground up as tankage. Some 
of this is used for feeding stock. This 
steaming softens the bones and they are 
then crushed and ground in powerful 
machines. After this they are in some 
cases mixed with sulphuric acid which 
cuts or “dissolves” them. With a small 
quantity of bones on a farm these meth¬ 
ods may be followed in a crude manner. 
The feeding value of the bone should be 
saved in some way. Green bones run 
through a bone cutter make excelleni 
food for chickens or hogs but are not 
in good condition for a fertilizer. If you 
had a big iron kettle or cooker of some 
sort the bones could be boiled until the 
meat and gristle falls away from them. 
The soup thus made thickened with 
cornmeal will make a fine feed for hogs 
or chickens. The clean bones left can be 
smashed with a sledge. A small bone 
mill would grind them reasonably fine 
but it is slow, hard work to crush them 
in this way. When bones are crushed 
fine sulphuric acid will “reduce” them, 
but we do not advise the use of this dan¬ 
gerous substance on the farm. A single 
drop of it might destroy the sight of an 
eye. The bones can be put in fair con¬ 
dition for use as fertilizer by packing 
them with wood ashes or carbonate of 
potash. The boiled bones are smashed 
up with a sledge hammer and then pack¬ 
ed in boxes or barrels—first a layer 
about six inches deep of pieces of bone, 
then the same depth of wood ashes, then 
more bone and so on until the package 
is filled. The whole mass must be kept 
moist but not wet enough to run from 
the bottom. The best way to keep the 
packages wet is to pour liquid manure 
or chamber slops in at the top. In about 
three months the bones will be found 
soft so that with a heavy shovel they 
can be crushed. They will not be as fine 
as bone meal, but will be fairly avail¬ 
able as plant food. If carbonate of pot¬ 
ash is used in place of wood ashes, six- 
inch layers of bone and three-inch of 
carbonate will answer. Green cut bone 
mixed with potash and covered with dirt 
will hardly pay as fertilizer alone. It 
would be better to dry the cut bone by 
mixing it with plaster, but the most pro¬ 
fitable way will be to save the feeding 
value of the bone by boiling and mixing 
cornmeal with the soup. 
Mk. Tigiitft.st: “And so you are the 
noble fellow who rescued my wife from 
in front of the trolley car at the risk of 
your life? Take this quarter, my heroic 
man, as an expression of our undying re¬ 
gard.” Mr. Rags: “All right, boss. You 
know bettern’n I do what the woman’s 
wuth.”—New York Times. 
fl Lazy Apple Orchard. 
J. P., Ontario, Gan.—I have an apple or¬ 
chard planted over 20 years ago. Some of 
the trees are not satisfactory. Although 
they are fine trees that nearly touch each 
other and were planted 30 feet apart, they 
have never borne more than a peck each, 
and small at that. I thought of grafting 
them to some other kind. What kind woulfl 
you advise? Would York Imperial or 
Rome Beauty be suitable? I am nearly 
100 miles northwest of Toronto and 10 
miles south of Georgian Bay. My land Is 
sandy loam, naturally well-drained, no 
water stands there. The trees are chiefly 
Golden Russet. Which kind of Winter 
apples do you think would suit here for 
market? 
Ans. —It is probable that the same va¬ 
rieties of Winter apples that are suitable 
in other parts of Ontario and in north¬ 
ern New York will succeed in the vicin¬ 
ity south of Georgian Bay. I have seen 
many apples from there and even a few 
peaches. It is my opinion that York Im¬ 
perial will not reach proper development 
there but Rome Beauty may do so. 
Northern Spy, Sutton and Ontario would 
be good kinds to graft on to the unpro¬ 
ductive trees. Wealthy would bear 
heavily. a. e. a’. n. 
Trouble With Grape Rot. 
V. D. R., Battle Greek, Mich.—I was 
troubled very seriously the past season 
with Grape rot. I have quite a variety of 
grapes of various kinds, and they all suf¬ 
fered about the same, or perhaps the Ni¬ 
agara a little worse than the others. My 
vineyard has been trimmed thoroughly, 
and cultivated in the same way. It is 
located on quite heavy soil, which slopes 
to the southeast, being in a very favorable 
situation. Just across the road from my 
place is another vineyard with the same 
kind of grapes. They have had no care 
whatever, but they had no trouble with 
the Grape rot. I have been told that 
grapes on heavy soil should not be culti¬ 
vated, at least but very little, but Instead 
should be heavily mulched. I am com¬ 
pletely at a loss to know how to cure 
the difiiculty. 
Ans. —This is a clear case of black rot 
of the grape. The disease has been thor¬ 
oughly studied and the famous Bordeaux 
Mixture was discovered as the remedy. 
Some varieties are more easily affected 
by it than others, but nearly all are trou¬ 
bled by it, except where the climatic 
conditions are such as to be unfavorable 
to the spread and propagation of th( 
germs of the rot. It is very easy to learn 
the way to prepare and apply the spray 
of sulphate of copper and lime. There 
are plenty of special bulletins that can 
be had from the United States Depart¬ 
ment of Agriculture and the various 
State experiment stations that give full 
directions for making and applying the 
remedy. h. e. v. d. 
Use of Arsenite of Soda. 
W. W., Miami, Fla.—On page 058 Prof. 
Slingerland gives formula for arsenite of 
soda. Will this mixture burn the foliage 
of beans or cucumbers? Can you give a 
formula for mixing a reliable poison with 
dry Bordeaux that will not burn tender 
foliage such as beans, cucumbers or 
melons? We are pestered here by a bean 
leaf-roller in great numbers; also a cu¬ 
cumber vine and fruit borer; to eradicate 
or control same would mean considerable 
to us here. 
Ans. —I do not know. Try the arsen¬ 
ite of soda on a few plants and see how 
it acts under your semi-tropical condi¬ 
tions. The arsenate of lead could be 
safely used at considerable strength, say 
one pound to 50 gallons, I think. I 
would not use dry Bordeaux as it is not 
nearly so effectual as the liquid mixture. 
I doubt whether a good poison can be 
mixed with the dry powder and not in¬ 
jure such tender foliage as melons. The 
cucumber vine and fruit borers are diffi¬ 
cult pests to control. It is reported from 
Georgia that a Paris-green spray, in¬ 
cluding lime, can be used on cucumbers 
and melons at the rate of one pound in 
200 gallons of water for this pest with 
considerable success. The destruction of 
infested fruits as soon as noticed and 
clean cultivation will also help in the 
warfare. The bean ieaf-roller is the 
caterpillar of a handsome butterfly. A 
Florida bulletin states that it can be 
successfully controlled with a Paris- 
green spray (one pound in 150 gallons of 
water, to which at least an equal amount 
of lime is added). W. W. should get in 
touch with the Florida Experiment Sta¬ 
tion at Lake City. 
M. v. SEINGEKLANU. 
1 Eo 1 JuLI A N I) r L OWE K 
SEED 
Agricultural Implements, and Poultry Supplies 
Send for Catalogue. 
YOUNG & HAI-STEAI), 2 and i Grand St., Troy, N. Y. 
Grafting Apples on Mulberries. 
IV. R. n., Manchester, Ofclo.—Can apple 
scions be successfully grafted on young 
Russian mulberry trees. A neighbor as¬ 
serts that it has been done. If it can, it 
means much to our sandy land where 
gophers eat the roots of apple trees but 
do not molest mulberries. 
Ans. —No. it is not at all probable or 
even possible that the apple can be 
grafted on the Russian or any other spe¬ 
cies of mulberry. If any grafts could 
be made to grow fast the union would 
would be so poor that failure would 
eventually result. ii. e. v. d. 
Why Rabbits Fatten In Winter. 
n. B., Fnrmingdale, ///.—Why is it that 
rabbits during the flush of food in Sum¬ 
mer and Pall are poor, but commence to 
fatten after heavy freezes, and are at their 
best in midwinter when the snow has been 
on the ground for weeks, apparently cut¬ 
ting oft their food supply almost entirely? 
Ans. —We shall be glad to have an¬ 
swers to this. Rabbits shed their coat 
in warm weather. They are afflicted 
with vermin and parasites which must 
reduce their vigor. It is, apparently, 
natural for some animals to fatten as 
Winter comes on. Nature seems to pro¬ 
tect them with a layer of fat as well as 
with a thick Winter coat. 
C3-E!aZ>lNrEIY iri-ADELM 
S"\7%7’liito FIaxxxs, 3\r. Y. 
HIGHEST GLASS JERSEYS 
BRIARCIAEF BEAU. 
THE BEST SON OF JERSEY BEAU. 
C;BKIAUCL1FF BEAU’S get show promise of being 
great Dairy and Show animals. Uniformity, color, 
etc., are of the flnest. 
USpecialty —VoungH Bulls from /his great sire. 
Also Imp. CHBSTEK WHITES and Standard-Bred 
BLACK MINOKCAS and WHITE WVANDOTTES. 
Correspondence solicited. 
L. K. OKTIZ, Supt., White Flains, N. Y. 
^rite for names of 
^^gents who make 
>m $2001 
The ^ to $300 a| 
best month. 
’ lights in th 
world; cost 
than poor lights, 
loo candle power 
fur less than J^c.; 
I hour. No smoke, no 
grease, no smell. Sent 
trial; satisfaction guaranteed. 
Special offer to first from each 
Ipostoflice. Write today for full 
I inrnrmation, SUPERIOR MFC. CO., 
218 Second St., Ann Arbor. Ml 
SAN JOSE SCALE. 
And other Insects can be Controlled by Using 
Good’s Caustic Potash Whale 
Oil Soap No. 3. 
It also prevents Curl Leaf, Endorsed by Entomolo¬ 
gists. This Soap is a Fertilizer aswellas Insecticide 
f)0-lb. Kegs, $2.50; 100-lb. Kegs, $4.50; Half-Barrel. 
270 Ids.. 3Hc. per lb.; Barrel. 425 lbs., 3‘4c. Large 
raantltles, Special Rates. Send for Circulars. 
JAMES GOOD. 939 N. Front .-it., Philadelphia. Pa. 
H ARRISON’S 
Outclass All Others 
wherever they go, t he smootliest, health¬ 
iest, best rooted, best bearing trees grown. Every 
kind worth planting for summer, fall and win¬ 
ter, a hundred varieties. Over half a million 
superb trees ready for planting. Write us at 
once for the Harrison catalogue. Arrival In per¬ 
fect condition always guaranteed. 
HARRISON’S NURSERIES. Box 29 , BERLIN MD, 
/— THE TREE OF LIFE -s 
Is one budded upon a branched root seedling, nuds 1 
taken from bearing trees, grown upon the famous I 
Michigan fruit land, dug by our root protecting 
tree digger and handled lu our mammoth storage 
cellars. Small fruits and everything In nursery 
and greenhouse lines true to name at wholesale 
prices. t3f Wo guarantee safe delivery. 
Catalogue FREE. Write to- day. 
CENTRAL MICHIGAN NURSERY, Kalamazoo, Mich. 
Mteliigan’eilammoChXvraeriea 
TREES SUCCEED WHERE 
Largest Nursery. OTHERS FAIL 
Fruit Book Free, llesult of 78 years’ experience 
100,000 Apple, 200,000 Peacli, 
30m’. SOUR CHERRY. Low Prices. Catalogue. 
WOODVIEWNURSEBTKS. H. 2. Mt. Holly Springs.Pa 
TDUUC PLANTS at Wholesale Prices 
I Kp p \ Apple, Pear and Plum. $8 per 100. Cat. free 
X iviuxju liELiANCK NURSEUY, Box 10,Geneva, N.y 
1,000,000 PEACH TREES 
TENNESSEE WHOLESALE NURSERIES, 
WINCHESTEK, TKNN. 
Exclusive GroAvers of Peach Trees 
June Buds a Specialty. 
No agents travel, but sell direct to planters at whole¬ 
sale prices. Absolutely free from diseases and true 
U) name. Write us for catalogue iind prices before 
placing orders elsewhere. Lar:test Peach nursery in 
Uxo xiT/ArlH AHHrnRta 
ARE YOU READY 
to place your order for Fruit Trees now, 
while the Nurseries have a full stock. 
and while you have the time to attend to 
it? Call’s Nurseries, Perry, 0., make a 
specialty of dealing direct with their 
customers. They employ no agents, but 
have the reputation of sending out the 
finest trees that can be grown, and hun¬ 
dreds of our readers say the finest Fruit 
Trees they ever received came from these 
Nurseries. Write them for Price List. 
NORTHERN 
GROWN TREES 
BEST climate. BEST soil. 
BEST for tile Fruit Grower. 
BEST for Ag-ent and Dealer. 
BEST Catalogue. BEST Prices. 
My treatment and Trees make permanent 
customers. 
Once Tried. Always Wanted, 
Catalogue Free. Instructive ; Interesting, 
MARTIN WAHL, ROCHESTER, N. Y. 
TREES AND SHRUBS 
IN GREAT VARIETY. 
WELL GROWN, HEALTHY AND TRUE 
TO NAME. Many New and Rare Plants. 
Largf'st Stock in the South. 
Illustrated Catalogue Free. 
P. J. BERCKMANS CO. (INC.) 
Frultlaiid Nurseries, Augusta, Ga. 
Established in IS.IO. Over 4li0 acres in Nurseries. 
HOYT’S TREES. 
The man behind the tree is tiie best 
guarantee tliat it is true to name, healthy 
and will grow into a strong vigorous 
bearer. “Hoyt” has stood for the best 
there is in tree growing for more than 5fl 
years. Shade Trees, Ornamentals, Fruit, 
Vines and Plants. 
Catalogue free. Send your name. 
THE STEPHEN HOYT’S SONS CO. 
NEW CAN.IAN, CONN. 
® p .^JTraiio anything 
''Ihistor lhat - r;:: 
want. Get our gigantic paper which prints ihonsandN of ex¬ 
change advertisomeots. Six months* trial subscription. lOcts. 
•‘THIS FOU THAT” TUB. CU., thl»l SUr Bldg., CHICAGO. 
POWELL BARTLETT 
THE TREE BREEDERS. 
30.000 one and two year old trees at $12.60 to $15 pet 
_ „ _ 100. Bred from Goo. T. Powell’s best bearing trees. 
ROGERS ON THE HILL, DANSVILLE, N. Y, 
/-w f-v A STARK GRAPE NURSERIES are In the heart of the famous Chautauqua 
i w Gra])e Belt, which produces the flnest vines grown in the U. 8. We have 
*■ an immense stock of all leading sorts; quality ijcrfeet; prices low as those of 
» > _ Y reputable grower. Rend us your orders—one vine or a car load. A com- 
\/ I I\I ■-< plete line of fruit trees, small CTT DOiTt’C PORTLAND, N. Y. 
Y 1 Y J fruits, etc. Price List free, o I /Vivlv Div'L? -O Louisiana, Ma 
PEACH TREES,' 
Appie« etc. 
Grand lot, irrown on the hank of lake Krie two milee 
from any pe.ich orchanK. IVfc from borersi and ail 
_ other (iiKeabes. J.iar«e Htock of i*eur, f'herry, 
Immense supply of small fruits, headquarters for 
Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Plants, Seeds. 
■to iKTCK hnrily RoHeN, incIudinB 4.5,000 of the famous Crimson Rambler. 44 ureeii- 
houses of Palms, Fious, Ferns, Roses, Geraniums, etc. Mail size postpaid. Dir.ol 
deal saves money, try us. Valuable catalogue free. 60th year. 1000 acres. 
THE STORRS & HARRISON CO., 
Painesillle, Oliio. 
