84 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
February 10 
THE WESTERN NEW YORK HORTI¬ 
CULTURAL SOCIETY. 
A Remarkably Successful Meeting. 
Part II. 
Farm Fertilizer Experiments. —Dr. 
G. C. Caldwell, of Cornell, reported upon 
the commercial fertilizer experiments 
which were conducted on the farms of 
New York State under the direction of 
Cornell University. These farm experi¬ 
ments are a very valuable feature in the 
agricultural extension work provided for 
by the Nixon bill. Farming is not a 
matter of rule, but of judgment. The 
successful farmer is an experimenting 
farmer; one who is not satisfied with 
the present results, but is always seek¬ 
ing better methods. These commercial 
fertilizer tests on the farms will have a 
certain value in themselves, by showing 
what kind of plant food those soils 
need; but their greatest value will come 
from the experimental habit, which has 
been propagated in each community. 
Four hundred and sixty farmers applied 
for the work in 1897, and 203 of them 
were supplied with fertilizers bought by 
the Station. Each farmer received 10 
sacks, containing in the aggregate 40 
pounds nitrate of soda, 40 pounds mu¬ 
riate of potash, and 80 pounds super¬ 
phosphate. The experimental plots were 
one-twentieth of an acre. A representa¬ 
tive of the Experiment Station spent 
most of the Summer visiting the farm¬ 
ers, taking notes and giving suggestions. 
There were a few total failures, as when 
one man dumped the whole 10 sacks on 
one plot, but in general the farmers 
conducted their experiments very in¬ 
telligently, and showed a great deal of 
interest in the work. We venture to say 
that most of these farmers will not use 
complete fertilizers hereafter, nor send 
their soil to a chemist for analysis. 
These farm experiments have been a 
very successful means of bringing the 
farmers in touch with the Experiment 
Station, and in inoculating them with 
the spirit of investigation. 
An Entomologist’s Report. —In Some 
Insect Experiences of 1899, Prof. M. V. 
Slingerland, of Cornell, noted that there 
was an unusually large second brood of 
the Codling-moth last season. There is 
no practical remedy for this second 
brood after it appears. The best way is 
to prevent it from appearing, by killing 
'the first brood from which it came. 
This can be done by spraying with 
arsenites after the petals fall. Prof. 
Slingerland recommends Paragrene as a 
cheap and effective substitute for Paris- 
green. Arsenite of lime, made by boil¬ 
ing together white arsenic and lime, 
costs a third less than Paris-green, and 
is just as poisonous. Moreover, it is not 
nearly so liable to injure the foliage as 
Paris-green. It can be recommended to 
those who will be very careful not to 
leave the arsenite or the vessels in 
which it was boiled where any animal 
can get hold of them. In general it is 
safer for the majority of farmers to buy 
their poison readymade. What has 
been known as the Forest tent-cater¬ 
pillar, which was so injurious to the 
sugar bushes of the State last year. Prof. 
Slingerland now proposes to call the 
TentZess caterpillar, since it does not 
spin a web like its elder brother, our 
common orchard pest. 
Spraying Trees in Bloom. —Among 
the fruit growers in a certain section of 
New York there is a strong sentiment 
for the repealing of the law which im¬ 
poses a fine on those who spray with 
arsenites while the trees are in bloom. 
Some of these men have sprayed their 
orchards while in bloom, and have got 
better crops than other men who did 
not. They have jumped immediately to 
the conclusion that it was the spraying 
while in bloom which gave the increased 
yield. Some say that they are willing 
to pay the fine, for they will get enough 
more fruit by spraying at this time to 
make it worth the while. So far as can 
be learned, no unsprayed trees have been 
kept for comparison. Now, as a matter 
of experiment and long experience, we 
know that spraying the trees while they 
are in bloom kills the honey-bees, our 
valuable aids in orchard pollination, and 
that there can be no possible gain in the 
setting of fruit. The Apple scab some¬ 
times develops early enough in a very 
wet Spring to kill part of the blossoms, 
but this can better be checked by spray¬ 
ing before the blossoms open. If this 
sentiment crystallizes into an effort to 
repeal the existing law, fruit growers 
and beekeepers should see that the at¬ 
tempt is defeated. 
A New Cherry Pest. —The Cherry 
maggot is a new and serious pest in New 
York. During the past season many 
bushels of fruit were ruined by this in¬ 
sect. The fly lays its egg on the skin, 
as the fruit begins to turn red, and from 
this hatches a maggot which eats its 
way to the pit, and is carried off when 
the fruit is sold. The worst thing about 
this disgusting pest is that it is so hard 
to detect its presence. Some affected 
fruits show a sunken place on one side, 
but others appear perfectly free from 
injury, and are sold to the consumer as 
sound fruit. The protest comes mostly 
from the buyer, after he has put the 
cherry in his mouth. As yet, no satis¬ 
factory remedy or preventive has been 
found. 
San Jose Scale. —Prof. S. A. Beach, 
of Geneva, opened the San Josd scale 
question with a paper on the San Jos 6 
Scale from a Horticulturist’s Standpoint. 
He believed that the scale will overrun 
all North America within the climatic 
limits' in which it thrives. It is as im¬ 
possible to exterminate the San Jos 6 
scale as most of our other serious or¬ 
chard pests; but we can hold it in check 
by careful treatment. Continuing the 
subject, Mr. S. D. Willard, as chairman 
of the legislative committee appointed 
by the Society, recommended that a bill 
be presented to the Assembly, requiring 
the fumigation of all nursery stock be¬ 
fore it is sent out by nurserymen. This 
report precipitated a somewhat heated 
discussion of about two hours, which at 
times almost descended to personalities. 
It was, as President Barry ironically re¬ 
marked, “a very interesting and instruc¬ 
tive discussion.” The clash was evi¬ 
dently between the fruit growers and a 
few short-sighted nurserymen, who saw 
in compulsory fumigation only an addi¬ 
tional expense to themselves. Most of 
the nurserymen present, however, took 
the reasonable view of the chairman of 
the legislative committee, himself a 
nurseryman, which is that the interests 
of fruit growers and nurserymen coin¬ 
cide on this point, and that compulsory 
fumigation, not only of nursery stock, 
but of all trees found by the State in¬ 
spectors or private growers to be in¬ 
fested. The legislative committee was 
enlarged, and authorized to take such 
action about securing the passage of a 
bill requiring the fumigation of nursery 
(Continued on next page.) 
"He That is Warm 
Thinks All So.” 
Thousands are "cold" in that they do 
not understand the glow of health. This 
implies disordered kidneys, liver, bowels, 
blood or brain. Hocxfs Sarsaparilla 
gives all 'who take it the warmth of per¬ 
fect health. Get Hood's because 
rnbnicFsendio^ 
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___ [ send prepaid 1 nice vine each 10 choicest ( 
(varieties Grapes covering entire season, and 2 Miller Red Rasp. ' 
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