1900 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
85 
Western N. Y. Horticultural Society. 
(CONTINUED.) 
stock as may be advisable. Such a bill 
will undoubtedly be presented during 
the present session. 
The use of kerosene sprays as a means 
of checking the San Jose scale did not 
receive favorable mention at this meet¬ 
ing; but it is probably the best prac¬ 
tical remedy for small growers. A few 
men came to the meeting firmly con¬ 
vinced that the scale is spread mostly 
by infested fruit, but Profs. Slingerland 
and Beach agreed that it has never yet 
been definitely known to spread in that 
way. The chances of its doing so would 
be about one in 10,000. Through the 
compulsory fumigation of all nursery 
stock grown in the State or shipped in 
from outside; through systematic State 
inspection by trained entomologists, and 
through the united efforts of all prac¬ 
tical fruit growers, it is expected that 
the San Josd scale may be kept in the 
same relative position to successful fruit 
growing as is the Codling-moth or Tent 
caterpillar. 
Tillage and Fertility. —Prof. Rob¬ 
erts’s paper on Comfort and Plenty was a 
review of the principles of tillage and 
fertilizing, whereby the plants are given 
comfort and plenty. He said that the 
rain which came after a protracted 
drought last Summer increased our po¬ 
tato yield at the rate of seven bushels 
per day per acre. The farmer’s reservoir 
leaks at the top, 'instead of the bottom. 
Stop it by tillage. Lime improves the 
texture of clay soil by drawing the very 
fine particles into larger ones, thus in¬ 
creasing its porosity. Lime increases 
the water-holding capacity of sandy 
soils by roughening the edges oi the 
large grains. The silt thus .ormed set¬ 
tles down between the large grains and 
binds them together. 
Fruit Notes. —Duchess is still the 
most profitable pear in western New 
York, although Kieffer is a close second. 
While New York Kieffers have not the 
size and color of southern-grown fruit, 
Mr. Willard says that they will average 
much better in quality when turned out 
of the can. Most New York Kieffers, 
however, are not canned, but are mar¬ 
keted as fresh fruit. The Society agreed 
that canned Kieffers should not be 
labeled Bartletts, because they are just 
as good as canned Bartletts, anyway, 
ana because “every tub should stand on 
its own bottom,” as Mr. Van Deman 
put it. The Crosby peach has a few 
friends in western New York, but most 
of them find it too small for market, 
even after it has been thinned; though 
it is extra hardy in bud. Hill’s Chili, 
Oldmixon, Elberta and the Crawfords 
still lead. Fitzgerald promises to be a 
valuable addition. The Rochester meet¬ 
ing would have been an unhealthy stop¬ 
ping place for a certain firm of Ohio 
nurserymen, who have flooded the State 
with old or worthless varieties under 
the new names of Daniel Boone and 
Deaconess, guaranteeing the trees to live 
75 years and remain free from yellows. 
This same dishonest firm has been skin¬ 
ning people for several years, and ought 
to be suppressed. The indications are 
that the exhibits of horticultural prod¬ 
ucts ait the Pan-American Exposition 
will be the largest which this country 
has yet seen; not even excepting the 
Columbian Exposition. The Western 
New York Horticultural Society will 
make a special effort 'to bear away the 
palm on its home grounds. President 
W. C. Barry conducted the meeting with 
tact and absolute fairness. He kept his 
head through that trying San Jose scale 
discussion, and that is more than most 
of us could db. 
I have just landed in New York with a 
very choice lot of cattle—33 animals—from 
England and th.e Channel Islands. They 
all stood the voyage remarkably well. 
They went to Garfield on January 17 to 
the United States Quarantine Station. 
f. s. PEER. 
DRIED BLOOD AND POTATO FERTI¬ 
LIZER. 
How can I dry blood for nitrogen? I 
wish to buy the chemicals and mix the fer¬ 
tilizer. I can get blood at the slaughter¬ 
houses, where 100 animals a week are killed. 
How shall I proceed to make nitrogen out 
of it?—carry it home in barrels, or, if con¬ 
venient, to mix at slaughterhouse? I wish 
to plant 10 acres to potatoes, clay land, on 
a good catch of Red clover; wheat raised 
on it last year. Give a balanced fertilizer; 
I wish to mix it myself, buying the chemi¬ 
cals, viz., nitrate of soda, cotton-seed meal, 
phosphoric acid and potash. I wish to fol¬ 
low with wheat, using fertilizer on it; seed¬ 
ing to Red clover. How much fertilizer 
must I use to put back as much as the 
crops will take from the soil? What do 
you call a balanced fertilizer for oats? I 
wish to mix it myself. What is the best 
balanced fertilizer for early sweet corn, 
mixed at home? J. J. p. 
Preston, Mich. 
Drying Blood. —Most of the blood 
used for fertilizers in this country is 
bought by the large manufacturers, who 
have special facilities for drying and 
handling it. As in the case of bones, the 
manufacturer, with powerful and exact 
machinery, can handle these fertilizing 
substances to much better advantage 
than the average farmer. Hence it is 
often better for the farmer to burn the 
bones than to attempt to crush them or 
“reduce” them with acid. It may also 
be cheaper for him in the end simply to 
pour the fresh blood into a well-pro¬ 
tected compost heap or a pile of muck 
or black soil, rather than to attempt to 
dry and grind it fine enough for mixing 
with other chemicals. Prof. E. B. Voor- 
hees, of the New Jersey Experiment Sta¬ 
tion, answers the question as follows: 
“Fresh blood contains about 80 per 
cent of water, and 2.50 to three per cent 
of nitrogen. A method of utilizing it 
by farmers is practiced in Europe, by 
stirring into every 100 pounds of the 
fresh blood about one-fifth its weight, 
or 20 pounds, of ground quicklime, and 
adding also about the same weight of 
muck or peat. By this method, the 
water escapes readily, and the mixture 
becomes odorless, and may be kept for a 
long time, and used either on the land as 
such, or added to a compost heap. I do 
not think that it would become dry 
enough by this method to be readily pul¬ 
verized for use in a fertilizer mixture, 
though if it stands long enough it will 
become so. We have never experiment¬ 
ed with it.” 
Fertilizer Mixtures. —As to mix¬ 
tures of fertilizing chemicals, the fol¬ 
lowing formulas, taken from a pam¬ 
phlet by Prof. Voorhees, are reliable. 
It must be remembered that the nitrogen 
in blood, fish, tankage, or cotton-seed 
meal is in the organic form. This must 
be Changed into the nitrates before the 
plant can make use of it, and this change 
will not take place until the soil is quite 
warm. In the early season, and for 
quick-growing crops, therefore, it is de¬ 
sirable to* use a form of nitrogen al¬ 
ready available, and this is found in 
nitrate of soda. This is especially use¬ 
ful on cold soils, and for crops like early 
potatoes. The following mixture will 
give good results on potatoes; 
Pounds. 
Nitrate of soda. 50 
Dried blood .100 
Tankage .100 
Acid phosphate .600 
Muriate of potash.150 
You should use 600 to 800 pounds of 
this per acre. You could substitute 
cotton-seed meal for the tankage. 
The oat crop is a “surface feeder”— 
that is, its roots feed in the upper soil. 
It grows in cool weather and therefore 
requires more soluble nitrogen. A mix¬ 
ture for oats is: 
Pounds. 
Nitrate of soda.200 
Tankage or dried blood.150 
Acid phosphate .600 
Muriate of potash. 50 
With an unmanured land 300 pounds 
or more are used. A suitable mixture 
for early sweet corn would be: 
Pounds. 
Nitrate of soda.200 
Dried blood or cotton-seed meal.100 
Acid phosphate .500 
Muriate of potash.200 
You may safely use 500 pounds or 
more per' acre. Many farmers like to 
use a small quantity of horse manure 
in the hill, as it warms the soil and 
hastens sprouting. 
Farm Notes.—I have grown a few cow 
peas, and they do very well, but Crimson 
clover seems to be a lottery with me. I 
have tried all kinds of absorbents in our 
dry-earth closet, and find that sawdust is 
far ahead of all others, both as an absorb¬ 
ent and deodorizer. A double wagon-box 
full will last two years. Put a few barrels 
full in the cellar for use in Winter, as it 
freezes badly outside. Try it, and you will 
never use ashes or road dust. Then dump 
your closet pail during Winter on that 
part of your garden where you expect to 
have your melons and cucumbers, l. w. k. 
Lake Co., Ohio. 
Big Gardeners 
frequently fail to secure normal profits 
because dry weather prevents crops from 
utilizing stable manure; it “fire fangs,” 
burns up and dies. This trouble does 
not, cannot arise where they use suffi¬ 
cient supplies of 
Nitrate of Soda 
to force all their crops to early maturity. 
The cheapest and moat effective of all 
Nitrogenous fertilizers. Write for free 
book to John A. Myers, 12-0 John 
St., New York. Nitrate for sale by fer¬ 
tilizer dealers everywhere. 
Write at once for List of Dealers 
WANTED 
Every person who intends setting a 
Strawberry plant during the year 
1900 to 
Send name and ad¬ 
dress for my new Straw¬ 
berry catalogue, 
which is now ready. It is full of good 
things in the Strawberry line and 
My Prices Are Right. 
No agents. I dead directly with 
growers. 
W. F. ALLEN, 
Box 44 Salisbury, Md. 
For Spring Planting 
The reliable new EVERBEARING PEACH. 
Also, the ELBERTA and other choice varieties. 
JAPAN PLUMS— all the most approved sorts. Se¬ 
lect assortment small Fruits. Prices for above very 
reasonable. Address 
MILFORD NURSERIES, Milford, Del. 
nflU^T give an order for Nursery Stock again 
|| (|H I until you have read my illustrated 
Bargains by mail, 
have them sent 
catalogue, and see low prices, 
etc. Remember it pays to 
by mail. You will Dl 1IIT TUC DCCT 
rejoice if you FLAH I I VIC DCd I 
Send to HALL’S NURSERY, Cherry Valley, Ill 
Our Illustrated Catalogue for 1900 
Explains what may be accomplished by using 
well-grown trees and plants. Mailed free. 
W. M. PETERS’ SONS, Wesley, Md. 
APPLE GRAFTS 
Any variety made on order until 
February 15. Over 300 rare and 
Standard Varieties of Small Fruits—plants and 
vines. R. T. SMITH, Horticulturist, Utica, Mo. 
QE ■ All CQ—Something new. The earliest, 
pEAuflCw latest, hardiest, most profitable 
trees ever offered. Varieties that will fruit in all 
sections of the United States. Our Guide, “Peach 
Culture ” tells all about them. Free. 
HENRY LETTS & SON, Youngstown, N. Y 
Trees. Trees. Trees. 
From one tree to a carload. 33 years’ experience. 
Specialties: Kieffer Pears, Peaches and York Imperial 
Apples, all sizes. Woodvlew Nurseries, B.1U0, Uriah,Pa 
N O crop can 
grow with= 
out Potash. 
Every blade of 
Grass, every grain 
of Corn, all Fruits 
and Vegetables 
must have it. If 
enough is supplied 
you can count on a full crop— 
if too little, the growth will be 
“ scrubby.” 
Send for our books telling all about composition of 
fertilizers best adapted for all crops. They cost you 
nothing. 
GERMAN KALI WORKS, 93 Nassau St., New York. 
l 
ICK5 
Seeds make thriving plants. 
Thriving plants make farm¬ 
ing profitable. We grow 
seeds for auccessful farmers 
and oiler none but the moit 
IGOROUS 
varieties. Write to 
JAMES VICK’S SONS, 
Kochefttcr, N. Y. 
for 1900 Garden and Floral Guide. Con¬ 
tains full information of our modem 
method of seed selling in definite quanti¬ 
ties. Describes many new and desirafcla 
ARIETIES 
Fruit Growers, Attention! 
We have a new Strawberry of great merit. Send us 
your name and address, and we will mail circular. 
C. G. VFiLIK & SON, Marlboro, N. Y. 
Strawberry Plants, $2 per 1,000. 
Fruit Trees equally cheap. Catalogue free. 
C. A. HYATT, Croton-on-Hudson, N. Y. 
infl APDEC In Strawberry Plants. Wholesale 
IUU rt U n LO List free. T. C. Kevltt, Passaic, N.J 
VINES, TREES, SHRUBS, 
_ best varieties for Northern 
J Planters. Also Seed Corn and 
potatoes. For anything In nursery stock, at reason¬ 
able prices, consult our catalog, sent free. 
COE & CONVERSE, Box 9, Ft. Atkinson, Wis. 
ILLUSTRATED 
CATALOGUE. 
Choice Evergreens, Shrubs, Fruit and other 
Trees. Roses, Water Lilies, etc. Prices low. We 
also lay out grounds when desired. 
E. S. PETERSON & SONS, Box 15, Montrose, N. Y. 
S ECOND CROP Seed Potato Headquarters. Best 
on earth. 50 choice kinds of Strawberry Plants, 
etc. Cat. free. J. W. HALL, Marlon Sta.. Md. 
P OTATOES.— Sir Walter Raleigh, Early Harvest, 
Ohio Rose. Hebron, Puritan, Bovee,Queen, King, 
Carman, Cobbler, Thoroughbred, Green Mountain, 
Rnral New-Yorker, Stump the World. 85 kinds. 
C. W. FORD & CO., Fishers, Ont. Co., N. Y. 
Clover, Timothy, Grass Seeds, Seed Grain, Seed 
Potatoes, at WHOLESALE PRICES to FARMERS. 
Catalogue Free. SIEGEL, The Seedsman, Erie, Pa. 
GLADSTONE STRAWBERRY PLAHTS. 
*10 per 1,000 ; 3.000, *25. Circular free. 
F. F. MERCERON, - - - Catawlssa, Pa. 
DEDOV PI ANTQ our Specialty. 18th Annual 
Utfill I iLHIl I 0 Catalogue Free. Save money 
by buying best plants at our low prices. Address 
SLAYMAKER & SON, Dover, Del. 
TREES 
at Wholesale prices. Apple, Plum and 
Pears, *6 per 100; Peach, 3c. Cat. Free 
Reliance Nursery, Box 10, Geneva, N. Y 
JOHNSON’S EARLY STRAWBERRY. 
You cannot afford to be without It, if you need a 
large early, firm shipping berry. Send for circular. 
O. A. JOHNSON, Upper Fatrmount, Md. 
GRAVES 
Price-list free. 
New Early Yellow DC A Oil 
FREESTONE I CAUll 1 j Strawberry Pits.—New York, Sample, Gladstone. 
W. J. Graves, Originator, Perry, O. Ml List February 1. P. 8 PEKR, Passaic, N.J 
SEND YOUR NAME 
and address plainly \A/rltt©n to 
L. J. FARMER, BOX 20 , PULASKI, N. Y. 
and secure catalogue and valuable information on 
BERRY FRUIT CULTURE FREE. 
C a ■ Arrrn For 10 cents we will mall 
dlkUlnL Ur ■ EL ■■■ three (3) “Sample” straw¬ 
berry plants and six (6) months subscription to the horticultural 
paper FARMER’S FRUIT FARMER. Weare the introduc¬ 
ers of the new strawberry, -‘Rough Rider.” Write to-<lay. 
WE SAVE YOU MONEY ON FERTILIZERS. 
Huy your fertilizers Direct at Wholesale Vrices, and get your money’s worth. 
SPECIAL OFFER TO CLUB PROMOTERS. 
WRITE FOR PRICES, SAMPLES AND PAMPHLET. 
WALKER, STRATMAN tk. COMPANY, Pittsburgh, F*a. 
