March 3 
146 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKERi 
Van Peman’s Fruit Notes. 
ALL SORTS OF QUESTIONS ANSWERED. 
Hardy Quinces. 
Is there any variety of quince that is 
hardy enough to live and bear fruit in 
central Vermont, where the temperature 
sometimes reaches from 16 to 35 degrees 
below zero? h. b. h. 
East Braintree, Vt. 
The hardiest quince that I know Is the 
Champion, but It is a late variety, and 
hardly suitable to Vermont for that rea¬ 
son. Missouri is an earlier kind, and 
may endure a temperature as low as 35 
degrees below zero, if It does not re¬ 
main so very long, but that is about the 
limit for any kind of quince. 
Cross-Fertilizing Ben Davis. 
How many apple trees of a different kind 
should be planted among 200 Ben Davis to 
insure cross-fertilization by the bees, and 
what kinds are good for the purpose? 
La Paz, Ind. c. a. b. 
Ben Davis seems to be self-fertile, and 
to need no other variety near it to pol- 
linize its flowers. It is barely possible 
that there may be some slight benefit to 
this variety by cross-pollinizing, and it 
would do no harm to try. A row or two 
of York Imperial through the orchard 
would be no loss in any case, for it is 
one of the best market apples for that 
section, and I think about equal to Ben 
Davis for profit. There is very little 
known as yet in regard to the varieties 
of the apple that are suited to cross- 
pollinate each other. 
Arkansas Apples; Austin Dewberry. 
1. Do you think that any of the new Ar¬ 
kansas seedling Winter apples would prove 
more profitable for a commercial orchard 
in my locality than the Ben Davis? The 
Ben Davis with us is a cropper every year. 
Are there any of them that will equal the 
Ben Davis as a rapid grower, healthy, 
hardy and productive tree, and surpass it 
in size and color of fruit? If so, which of 
them? 2. Do you consider the Austin dew¬ 
berry more profitable than the Lucretia? 
Red Bank. N. J. m. o. t. 
1. It is by no means safe to say, as 
yet, that any of the new competitors of 
Ben Davis, as a market apple, from 
Arkansas, or elsewhere, are equal to it. 
Some of them may prove equal or su¬ 
perior to it, but that is yet to be 
demonstrated. There are many exten¬ 
sive trials being made in all the apple¬ 
growing sections of the country, and 
especially in the central and western 
States. I visited some of these large 
orchards last year, but there was noth¬ 
ing there to warrant a positive decision, 
and no very flattering prospects, so far 
as I could learn from questioning the 
owners. Try them in a small way. 
2. The dewberry called Austin by 
some, and officially and authoritatively 
as Mayes, is too lately introduced to be 
known to be better than Lucretia, or 
even as good for general culture. It 
seems to be very good in Texas, so far 
as tested, in the neighborhood of its 
origin. 
Dwarf Cherry. 
Please inform me if there is a dwarf 
cherry, exclusive of the Dwarf Rocky 
Mountain cherry, which is not worthy of 
the name of cherry? J. h. h. 
Steubenville, O. 
There is a species of wild cherry that 
grows wild in many sections of the 
country, commonly known as Choke- 
cherry, and by botanists as Prunus Vir- 
giniana. It is a bush that rarely gets 
more than five or six feet high, and 
usually bears abundantly. The fruit is 
about the size of small Morello cherries, 
black in color, and of a sharp, sour or 
acrid taste. It is rarely gathered for 
food, and is of little value. Very rarely 
it is found In cultivation, and in such 
cases, generally as a stock upon which 
some other species of the cherry or 
plum families have been grafted or 
budded. The Dwarf Rocky Mountain 
cherry has not proved of much value as 
a fruit, because of its poor flavor. How¬ 
ever, it makes rather good sauce and 
jelly. The bush is low and almost trail¬ 
ing. It is exceedingly hardy and makes 
g beautiful flowering shrub, and is very 
healthy and beautiful in foliage under 
trying climatic conditions. A variety 
called Pennock is the best one I know, 
so far as its fruit is concerned. 
Quinces Fail to Bear. 
I have an Orange quince orchard of 200 
trees, In fine condition. The trees were 
planted six years ago, on a rich clay loam 
bottom, sloping southeast. Vegetables have 
been planted In between the rows, and well 
cultivated. No manure or fertilizer other 
than wood ashes has been added. The 
trees have blossomed for the last two 
years, but have set no fruit. Will you 
state cause and best methods to Insure 
crop? h. w. R. 
Janesville, O. 
It is probable that some fungous dis¬ 
ease may be preying on the bloom or 
on the young fruit, thus causing it to 
drop in its very early stages. To insure 
against this the trees should be sprayed 
with a very strong Bordeaux Mixture 
before the buds swell in the Spring, in 
order to kill the germs on the bark and 
buds. Then give another spraying of 
the same Mixture, but of ordinary 
strength, just before the blossom buds 
open, and a third one, with some arsen¬ 
ical poison added, just after the petals 
have fallen. The arsenic is to kill any 
insects that may be troublesome, and 
will cost almost nothing additional. 
These three sprayings should be suffi¬ 
cient to insure the fruit from any fun¬ 
gous troubles, and will abundantly pay 
in keeping the foliage healthy, should 
there be no need of it for the fruit. 
Cuttings and Layers of Fruit Trees. 
Is it possible and practical to propagate 
tree fruits by cuttings and layering in 
quantities, and rapidly enough for com¬ 
mercial demands? Can the peach and allied 
species be propagated at all by cuttings, or 
even layering? The purpose in asking is 
to aid in solving the problem of hardy 
stocks for hardy varieties—a question of 
paramount Importance in the West; and a 
writer in a St. Louis paper suggests that 
as the solution. But is it practical? 
Paris, Ill. d. e. 
No, it is not practicable to propagate 
many of the tree fruits by rooting their 
cuttings and layering their branches. It 
is done successfully with the quince, 
and in some degree with the Asiatic 
type of the pear in the southern States. 
Cuttings of almost any species of tree 
may be induced to strike root, provided 
they are put under just the right condi¬ 
tions. Such conditions are rarely at¬ 
tainable at a cost small enough to be 
profitable, except with the willows, pop¬ 
lars and a few others. I have experi¬ 
mented with cuttings of the apple, pear, 
peach, plum, quince, maple, ash, walnut, 
oak and several others, and all in the 
open ground. All of them held out so 
far as the nutriment in the buds and 
twigs would permit, the soil furnishing 
the water by absorption. But when this 
meager supply was exhausted they 
nearly all dwindled and died. A very 
few of the apple and Wild Goose plum 
cuttings struck root and grew. If all 
had been able to form these adventitious 
roots they might have made indepen¬ 
dent trees. 
Layering is a method of propagation 
akin to that by cuttings, in so far as 
the striking of roots is concerned; but 
the branch is allowed to retain its vital 
connection with the parent tree or plant 
until they are well developed, which is a 
great advantage. The success is far 
greater than with cuttings, but the ex¬ 
pense of the labor is also corresponding¬ 
ly greater. It would rarely be a profit¬ 
able undertaking for the propagation of 
ordinary trees. The object being to se¬ 
cure trees on their own roots that are 
supposed to be hardier than those on 
seedling stocks, it might, or it might not 
be attained in that way, provided the 
propagation was practicable; because 
some of the varieties are hardy and 
some are not. The better way is to 
double-work, using for the first graft a 
stock that is known to be very hardy, 
like the Oldenburg apple, and on this 
top-graft the variety desired. The same 
is true of plums. Peaches are not 
hardy on any stock, nor would they be 
If they «ould be grown from cuttings. 
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He Who Farms Progressively 
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