1900 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
193 
Grass for Rough Pasture. 
J. H. G., Cairo, N. Y.—I have a four-acre 
field, rather stony and rough, which I wish 
to make into a pasture. Last Fall I 
sowed rye, Timothy, Red-top and Blue 
grass, and in the Spring intend sowing Red 
and Alsike clover. Would it be desirable 
to sow Brome grass and Orchard grass? 
If so, how much of each to the acre, or is 
there something that would be better? 
The field was plowed twice, harrowed well, 
and received 200 pounds of a complete fer¬ 
tilizer per acre. 
Ans. —It would be a good plan to sow 
some Orchard grass and Meadow fescue. 
We prefer the Meadow fescue in a per¬ 
manent pasture rather than the Brome 
grass. No harm would be done if some 
Brome-grass seed were mixed with the 
Orchard grass and Meadow fescue, but it 
is one of the newer grasses, and its 
value has not been thoroughly deter¬ 
mined for the purpose mentioned. Four 
pounds of Orchard grass and four 
pounds of Meadow-fescue seed should be 
sown per acre. As these seeds are very 
light, it will be best to sow them sepa¬ 
rately from the clover, and eariy in the 
Spring. I., a. c. 
For a Permanent Pasture. 
M. E. M., TV. Walworth, N. Y .—What pro¬ 
portion of grass seed would you use for a 
maple and beech hill lot, for a permanent 
pasture? 
Ans. —For a permanent pasture we 
would recommend the following mixture 
per acre: Red clover, six pounds; Alsike 
clover, four pounds; Kentucky Blue 
grass, 3Y 2 pounds; Orchard grass, 3 y 2 
pounds; Meadow fescue, 3 y 2 pounds; 
Red-top, 3 y 2 pounds; Timothy, five 
pounds. This mixture is well suited for 
permanent pasture. The land should 
be fitted early and well. Seeding may 
be done this Spring with oats, if not 
more than 1 y 2 bushel of oats are sown 
per acre. The oats may be drilled in 
first, and if the drill has a seeder at¬ 
tachment, put in the grass seeu at the 
same time. If sown by hanu the light 
seeds of the mixture would better be 
sown separately, for the light and heavy 
seeds cannot be well distributed to¬ 
gether. All stock would better be kept 
from the land the first season. After 
tne oats are cut, if the weeds shoot up 
and threaten to crowd out the seeding, 
put the mowing machine on, and cut 
the weeds, letting them remain upon 
the ground as they fall. If the land has 
been heavily cropped, the seeding 
should receive a top-dressing of com¬ 
mercial fertilizer, relatively rich in ni¬ 
trogen from nitrate of soda. l. a. c. 
The Merits of Hu Hess Barley. 
T. B., Solon, Me .—What are the advan¬ 
tages and disadvantages of hulless barley 
compared with the common kind, to grow, 
to yield and to feed? 
Ans. —The hulless barley seems to 
possess in a remarkable degree the 
ability to grow in hign altitudes. From 
experiments conducted in Colorado it 
has been found that the hulless barley 
will grow and produce a profitable crop 
at an altitude of 8,500 teet. Where bar¬ 
ley is grown as a crop to cut for hay the 
hulless varieties seem to be preferable 
to the beardeu varieties. Oats and hul¬ 
less barley are frequently sown together 
to be cut for hay. When barley ana 
oats are sown together at the rate of 30 
pounds of hulless barley and 75 pounds 
of oats per acre, the oariey seems at 
first the leading crop. It shoots up 
above the oats, soon heads out, and has 
the appearance of a barley crop. The 
heads ripen and turn downward, while 
the straw remains upright. Later the 
oats shoot far above the barley, and 
make a crop that is apparently not less¬ 
ened by the presence of the barley. The 
double crop is harvested when the oats 
are mature. At the Colorado Experi¬ 
ment Station a crop sown in the manner 
above described gave good results. A 
field sown to hulless barley in 1893 was 
sown to oats in 1894, and without addi¬ 
tional seeding to barley yielded 48 
bushels per acre of the mixed grain, 
weighing 47 pounds per bushel. Treated 
in this way some of the barley shells 
out and re-seeds the land. These grains 
live over Winter, and if the land is to 
be kept in oats several years in succes¬ 
sion, once seeding with barley is suffi¬ 
cient. On account of this fact, wheat 
should never be grown after hulless 
barley if it is expected to use the wheat 
for flour. The above experiment is de¬ 
scribed in Colorado bulletin No. 40. In 
the Pennsylvania bulletin No. 6 an ex¬ 
periment with the hulless barley is de¬ 
scribed. The barley was sown broad¬ 
cast April 23. The germinating power 
of the seeds was 98 per cent. June 18 
the heads were forming. At time of 
cutting, July 13, the straw was two feet 
four inches in length. The heads were 
medium-sized and well filled out with 
large kernels. The straw was weak, and 
much of it had been broken down by 
the wind and rain. The hulless barley 
yielded 20 bushels per acre, while the 
Manshury variety yielded 30 bushels per 
acre. We are unable to learn from any 
experiments that the hulless is any bet¬ 
ter than the ordinary bearded varieties. 
L. a. c. 
Killing Lice on Cattle. 
What c»n I do for lice on cattle? The 
animals went into Winter quarters in good 
condition, and have remained so. They 
are kept clean. The young stock seem to 
he afflicted the worst. I have used insect 
powder, but after two or three weeks the 
lice are nearly as bad as ever. j. e. d. 
Hamburg, N. Y. 
A strong tea of tobacco will kill the 
lice. Tobacco stems or waste tobacco 
should be steeped in hot water long 
enough to make a strong decoction. 
With a sponge or cloth sop this tea 
while warm over the cattle, particularly 
over the long hair at the head, neck, 
along the back, and shoulders. Sop it 
well in, and, if it is a cold day, put on a 
blanket or some outer cover until the 
cattle have dried off. 
Cement Floors for Stables. 
Are stone and cement floors for stock 
stables satisfactory? I mean floors made 
of pounded stone, covered with cement, 
and of Portland cement and water, lime 
and sand. Will such places stand, or will 
the ammonia from urine dissolve and 
soften it, so as to render it useless? 
Castorland, N. Y. m. w. v. a. 
If the stone and cement floor is prop¬ 
erly constructed the urine will have no 
effect upon it. If, however, not enough 
cement is used, then the floor will crum¬ 
ble and peel off in layers, and prove un¬ 
satisfactory. There is now in use at the 
Cornell University barn a stone and ce¬ 
ment floor which has been in service for 
years, and it is still in good condition. 
There was constructed in one of the 
University buildings a floor which began 
to crack and peel off in a very short 
time, because the mortar used in its con¬ 
struction was not rich enough. If you 
purpose constructing such a floor, we 
would recommend that you follow a plan 
which has given good service: Cover the 
gi'ound first with a layer of stone from 
four to six inches deep. The stones 
which form the lower layer may be 
somewhat large. Fill in the spaces be¬ 
tween the large stones with fine stunes 
and gravel. This stone foundation 
should then be thoroughly wet down and 
well pounded with a pestle. Use water 
lime in making the mortar for filling in 
the crevices between the stones, using 
one part of lime to four parts of sand. 
The mortar should be made so thin that 
when poured over the stones it w.ll flow 
down between the stones, filling thor¬ 
oughly all the crevices. The pestle 
should again be brought into service, 
and the whole mass should be well 
beaten down, that no air spaces be left 
in the foundation. After this layer has 
become thoroughly dry, mix a mortar, 
using one part of cement, either Port¬ 
land or Rosendale, with three parts of 
sharp sand. The mixing should be so 
thoroughly done that each particle of 
sand comes in contact with a particle of 
cement. Add enough water to enable 
the material to be spread well with a 
trowel. Before this layer becomes thor¬ 
oughly dry, sprinkle over the top some 
clear Portland or Rosendale cement, and 
work it in dry with the trowel. This 
will make a surface as hard as stone, 
and will make a floor which will not be 
affected by urine. l. a. c. 
20TH CENTURY 
CREAM SEPARATORS 
E VERYONE who knows anything at all about cream separa- 
t° r ? J mows that the “Alpha” disc system—patent protected 
and hence restricted in use to the De Laval machines—has 
revolutionized centrifugal cream separation just as centrifugal 
separation originally revolutionized previous gravity methods. 
1 hey further know that for five years every imitator and would-be 
competitor of the De Laval machines has been veritably “tip-toed” 
in the effort to keep alive in the separator trade—that many have 
dropped out and that others are on the verge ot doing so; that 
none have made a pretence of keeping in the race except through 
exaggeration and misrepresentation, cheap construction, so-called 
“cheap” prices, and still cheaper values to deluded purchasers. 
. The iatest development of the “ Alpha” disc system, embodied 
in the 20TH CENTURY De Laval machines, still further in¬ 
creases their superiority—rendering them simply unapproachable 
in efficiency and practicability by anything else in the shape of a 
cream separator. 
Send for new “2 0th Cen tury” catalogue . 
The De Laval Separator Co. 
Randolph & Canal Sts., 
Chicago. 
103 & 105 Mission Sr., 
San Francisco. 
General Offices: 
74 CORTLANDT STREET, 
NEW YORK. 
1102 Arch Street, 
P HILADELPHIA . 
327 Commissioner# St , 
Montreal. 
Empire 
Cream Separators 
are worth five cows in every herd of twenty, and cost 
nothing to feed. They increase the output of butter 
by 25%, and improve the quality of 
the butter. I hey leave less than one- 
tenth of one per cent, of the butter fat 
in the milk. A child can run them. 
If you own three cows an Empire Sep¬ 
arator should pay for itself in a year. 
Write us to-day, and we will send you an illus¬ 
trated book on butter making and separators. 
U. S. BUTTER EXTRACTOR CO., 
212 High Street, Newark, N. J. 
FIG, I 
fig.: 
FIG.' 
COMPETITORS HAVE FRANKLY ADMITTED THAT 
The Improved U. S. Separators 
ARE THE BEST SKIMMERS ON THE MARKET. 
We illustrate herewith our new corrugated bowl, which is 
giving such perfect satisfaction, and which does not require hot 
water to flush. A small quantity of skimmilk does the work thor¬ 
oughly—more so than competitors that have central tubes and a 
miiltiplicity of discs for the cream to stick to, as the U. S. has 
neither. Competitors, in their efforts to find something to check 
the 
Victorious Progress of the United States, 
have tried to make a big bugbear of using hot water to flush the 
bowl, but now this, their last criticism, is overcome, and they are 
at loss to know what to harp on to prejudice purchasers against 
the Improved U. S. and reduce the constantly increasing sales. 
Write for our 1900 or “New Century’’ catalogue giving full 
particulars. 
VERMONT FARM MACHINE CO., Bellows Falls, Vt. 
SEPARATOR 
( on 10 Days’Trial. Lightest, 
easiest running HAND Separator 
NATIONAL Cream 
Separator 
Free book tells all about it. 
National Dairy Machine Co.. Newark, N. J. 
THE BEST BUTTER 
and the most of it is made by using 
our improved patent 
AQUATIC CREAM SEPARATOR. 
It takes all the cream nut of milk, expels all foul odors 
and impurities in two hour’s time. Better than any 
^creamery made and costs less than half as much. For 1 
cow up to 40. Can’t get out of order. No experience 
necessary. Prices, $5. to $11. Free catalogue and testi¬ 
monials. lielluble AcentH Wanted. 
Aquatic Cream Sep’tor Co. 119 Factory Sq. Watertown, N. Y. 
THE 
‘Mdeal Milk Pail 
Is the cleanest and most 
practical pail and strainer 
on the market. Write for cir¬ 
cular and special price to 
Thefl/ationalSpecialty Co. 
Racine, Wisconsin. 
Agents wanted in every Co. 
SILO 
Howto Build, Operate,Repair 
Valuable and interesting Points 
on Seed and Feed. 
AMERICAN SILO-SEED CO., 
HutTalo. N Y 
S i m. rA 
Fixtures, Door Frames, Doors, ■ 
Hoops and Hoop L ugs. H H 
WILLIAMS MFG. CO. W 
KALAMA700. MICH. 
