3o4 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER! 
April 28 
Farmers’ Club. 
[Every query must be accompanied by the 
name and address of the writer to insure atten¬ 
tion. Before asking a question, please see 
whether it is not answered in our advertising 
columns. Ask only a few questions at one time. 
Put questions on a separate piece rf pnpe- ] 
Ant-Hills for Manure. 
A. M. 8., Peebles, Ont.—l have a muck 
swamp in which there are some ant-hills. 
If I take those ant-hills and mix with 
barnyard manure in a heap, so that it will 
heat, and then spread on high land, will 
there be enough ants left to be objection¬ 
able in any way? 
Ans.—N o, I do not think that many 
of the ants will survive the operation 
described, hence they could in no way 
injure the land on which the ant manure 
was applied. I doubt, however, whether 
the ant-hills will enrich the manure 
enough to pay for the trouble, and It 
will be a difficult matter so thoroughly 
to remove the nests as not to leave 
enough of the family to rebuild their 
heme sooner or later. m. v. s. 
Fruit on Paradise Stocks. 
G. C. B., Marbleton, Tenn.—I see dwarf 
apple trees listed in nursery catalogues on 
Paradise stocks. What are Paradise 
stocks? Do they make a hardy well- 
rooted tree or bush, and are they as long- 
lived as the standard tree? Please give 
a full description of them, how they are 
grown, etc. 
Ans. —Dwarf apple trees are nice for 
small places In town, or wherever small 
trees are wanted for pleasure and profit 
too, In some degree. They are rarely 
suited to the wants of our people, who 
usually have plenty of room for stand¬ 
ard trees. The Paradise stock Is & 
dwarf species of the apple family which 
has long been used in Europe for grow¬ 
ing the better kinds of the apple upon. 
The natural fruit of this species is very 
small, yellow, and of inferior quality. 
The tree was called “Paradise apple” 
because of the mythical and absurd sup¬ 
position that it was “from the tree 
whose fruit the great Jehovah forbade 
our first parent to eat.” It may be said 
further in this connection, that the Bible 
does not say a word about the forbidden 
fruit being an apple. It says “fruit,” 
but nowhere apple, and the common 
idea that the fruit meant was the 
apple is entirely without foundation. 
The effect of the Paradise stock is to 
hold the tree to a dwarf size and induce 
early bearing. Our common varieties of 
the apple are usually budded on import¬ 
ed seedlings; although sometimes suck¬ 
ers are taken from about the base of the 
trees. They live as long as any other 
style of apple tree, so far as I have ob¬ 
served them. There is a stock called 
Doucin that is also stronger than the 
Paradise stock. h. e. v. d. 
Work of the Apple Maggot. 
R.‘, Massachusetts .—Last season my crop 
of apples -was almost completely ruined 
by some enemy which tunnels through and 
through the fruit in every direction, leav¬ 
ing it soft and punky. I sent samples to 
our experiment station and they pronounce 
the fruit badly affected by both the Apple 
maggot and Codling-moth. Will Mr. Van 
Deman tell me what to do to prevent their 
ravages? Can anything be applied to the 
earth under the trees to remedy the evil? 
Ans. —This insect that tunnels the 
fruit is the Apple maggot. It is also 
known as the Railroad-worm, because it 
seemed to follow the railroad lines 
through Canada and the northeastern 
States. It has not appeared in any con¬ 
siderable numbers south of that region, 
but there it is a terrible pest, and is on 
the increase. It seems to work on the 
early sweet varieties more than on 
others. I saw it very abundantly in 
such varieties in Maine more than 10 
years ago, in some cases almost destroy¬ 
ing the crop. So far, we know of no 
remedy or preventive except what little 
may be done by destroying the wormy 
fruit. One serious difficulty about this 
is, that there is almost no outward sign 
of infection. The burrows, although 
very small, extend irregularly all 
through the flesh of the apples, making 
them light and spongy, and their light¬ 
ness is about the only means of detec¬ 
tion. These are made by very small 
worms, which hatch from eggs laid sin¬ 
gly by two-winged flies early in the 
Summer, just under the skin of the fruit. 
The Codling-moth is an insect of a very 
different character, and may be very 
largely destroyed by prompt action. 
Spray with almost any of the arsenical 
preparations described, and according to 
the directions given in the bulletins is¬ 
sued by the experiment stations. 
H. E. V. D. 
Curing the Corn Smuf. 
D. C., Conneaut, O.— Can smut in sweet 
corn be prevented by using the same rem¬ 
edies used on oats, etc.? 
Ans. —It is but natural that one 
should infer that “smut is smut,” no 
matter on what plant it is found, and 
that a line of treatment that is success¬ 
ful in combating Oat smut, for example, 
would be equally efficacious against 
Corn smut. However, when the life his¬ 
tories of the microscopic smut-produc¬ 
ing plants are understood, a new light 
is thrown on the subject. It has been 
found that with Oat smut the spores 
ripen with the oats when they are scat¬ 
tered by the wind, and many of them 
fall on the grains of oats. Here the 
spores remain until seeding time, when 
they are sown with the oats. The seed 
and the spores germinate at about the 
same time, and infection takes place 
when the oat plant is but a few days 
old. Thus we can see how treating seed 
oats with hot water, formalin, or some 
other material that destroys the spores 
but does not injure the oat seed, will be 
effective. 
But it is far different with the Corn- 
smut fungus. In this case the spores 
do not find a lodging place on the ker¬ 
nels of corn, and therefore any treat¬ 
ment that we might give the seed would 
be labor lost. Many of the spores fall 
or the ground, but a goodly portion of 
them, no doubt, eventually find their 
way to the manure pile. The latter is 
the important source of infection, since 
the manure is often spread on ground 
that is to be prepared for corn. In any 
case the spores remain dormant over 
Winter, and germinate and produce 
microscopic plants when favorable 
weather comes in the Spring. The little 
plants send tiny stems above the surface 
of the ground, on which secondary 
spores are borne. These minute bodies 
are easily blown about by the wind, and 
some of them are sure to lodge on the 
corn that happens to be growing near 
by. Those that come in contact with 
the tender growing parts of the corn 
plant easily penetrate the tissue, and 
soon produce the smut boils. It is plain 
then that the only way to combat Corn 
smut successfully is (1) to destroy all 
smut boils that are found, (2) avoid 
spreading barnyard manure on ground 
that is to be planted to corn, and (3) 
practice a rotation of crops. 
Geneva Exp. Station. w. paddock. 
R. N.-Y.—Many farmers plan to use 
all or most of the manure on the corn. 
That seems, all things considered, the 
best place for it. For sweet corn, a 
heavy sod, with chemicals, will, we 
think, give cleaner ears. We think that 
there is less smut where the corn is put 
in a silo. 
“Every Cloud Has 
a Silver Lining.” 
The clouds of bad blood enveloping 
humanity have a silver lining in the shape 
of a specific to remove them. It is Hood’s 
Sarsaparilla, America's Greatest Medicine, 
which drives out all impurities from the 
blood, of either sex or any age. 
SEED POTATOES. 
Prices greatly reduced to close out my stock, 
which Is pure. Write for prices and secure bargains. 
F. H. THOMSON, FairvlewFarm, Holland Patent, N.Y 
DflTITHCC S2.30 3bushelsacks: E.Hebron, 
I II I A I UCO E. Rose. E. Clarks, E. Kveritts, 
Carmans, E. Harvest, (Maule's Commercial, $3.76). 
Circular. 40 varieties. WHITE STAR OATS. Sam- 
free. Write this day. SMITH’S POTATO FARM, 
Box 3. Manchester, N. Y 
8 ir Walter Raleigh, $2.88; Living¬ 
ston, $4 ; Carman No. 3. Seneca 
Beauty and Banner, $2.67; Rural, 
$2.00; Extra Early Ohio, $3.27: 
Bovee. $4—4-bushel barrels. 
W. K. IMKS, Seed Potato 
Specialist, Vermontvllle, Mich. 
S EED POTATOES.—A limited amount 
of extra choice and smooth and extra early 
Clark’s Early, Early Ohio, Early Bovee, Thorough¬ 
bred, at $1.25 per bush.: Late Cambridge Russet, 
Uncle Sam, Sir Walter Raleigh, White Rose Won 
derful. Rose of Avon, Rural New-Yorker No. 2. at $1 
per busb. f. o. b ; cash with order. Ref.: Athens 
Nat’l Bank. JUDSON MACAFEE, Athens, Pa. 
Choice Seed Potatoes; 
seed from pure large stock. To close out we offer 
Sir Walter Raleigh. Carman No. 1 and 3. Uncle Sam, 
in 3 and 4-bushel bbls. at 70c. per bushel. Extra 
Early: Columbia, Harvest and Fortune,3-bnshel bbls. 
$3.25; 4-bushel $».25; all guaranteed pure and true 
to name. This adv. will appear but once SEED 
CORN.—Mammoth yellow and Red Glaze white flint, 
$1 per bushel. Money order office Caledonia, N. Y. 
d. c McPherson seed co.. 
Garbutt, Monroe Co., N. Y. 
The Admiral Dewey Potato. 
Still at the head with a yield rate of 977 bushels 
to the acre In 1898, with from 60 to 90 pounds from a 
pound of seed planted in 1899. It resembles the 
Rose in color of the skin, but the flesh Is whiter and 
the quality Is unquestionably the best of its type, 
and should supersede all others for main crop. 
Price, 75c. pound; 3 pounds, $2. post or express paid. 
8 end for circulars and testimonials to C. M. ROBIN 
SON, Manorville L. I., or JOHN DURYEA & CO 
27, 29 and 31 Gansevoort Street, New York City 
PARAGRENE 
is better, cheaper and bulkier than PARIS GREEN, 
and will not burn the foliage. Send for pamphlet. 
FRED. L. LAVANBURG, Box 1670-A, New York. 
nmVPI C GIIUnDILG Wc now offer a good 
DIUIuLL OUnUnlLO strong TIRE. $1-75. 
PEDALS. 81 a pair. 100 Steel Balls—All sizes, 50c. 
rsnil fnm C Supplied below Factory Prices. 
rHnifi IUULO All delivery charges prepaid. 
Money cheerfully refunded if you are not satisfied. 
Agents wanted. Write to-day. A PRESENT to first 
agent in each place enclosing $10.00 for supplies. 
FARMERS’ SUPPLIES CO., 
Park Row Building, New York City. 
Best Seeds 
that Grow! 
CASH PRIZES for 1900 
At Every American Fair 
and many other New Features, 
of particular interest, presented in 
URPEE’S 
Farm Annual 
Leading American Seed Catalogue 
Mailed FREE to all. 
A handsome new book of 140 pages,— tells 
the plain truth about Seeds, including rare 
Novelties which cannot be had elsewhere. 
Beautiful colored plate and hundreds of illus¬ 
trations from nature. Gives practical informa¬ 
tion of real value to all who would raise the 
choicest Vegetables and most beautiful Flowers. 
Write a postal card TO-DAY I 
W. ATLEE BURPEE & CO., Philadelphia 
CMuor Mino Rate - Earl y- white, very produc- 
01 11 Cl 111 IIIC UulO tlve. Fifty (50) cents per 
bushel, bags free. Also, Early Harvest and Carman 
No. 3 potatoes at farmers' prices. 
J. CORWIN JACKS, Batavia, N. Y 
“ Ginseng Culture,” 22 page book, 
with 9 years’ experience, only lO cents. Prices 
for seeds and roots for plantinggiven on application. 
Address, J. W. SEARS, Somerset, Ky. 
Qoorl DA#a#Afte _Early Rose ’ l2per barrel 
06611 rOIdlOCb Carman No. 3, $1.75, f. o. b 
Victor, N. Y. A. T. LANE. Victor, N. Y. 
Choice Seed Potatoes.—G rown in a 
drained Peat Bed. The very best soil for Potatoes. 
Prices low. Early Ohio, Carman No. 3. 75c. per bu. 
J. P. DAVENPORT, Mendota, Ill. 
P OTATOES—Early Astonlsber, Harvest, Fortune. 
Rose, Hebron, Puritan, Ohio, Queen, King, 
Bovee. Cobbler. Carman, Rural, American Wonder, 
Good News. Thoroughbred, 8tump the World. 85 
kinds. C. W. FORD & CO., Fishers, Ont. Co., N. Y 
CMMAN NO. 3 <tQ.OO 
SEED POTATOES. ^^perbbl. 
Sir Walter Raleigh and Early Bovee $4.00 per bbl., all 
bbls. 4 bu. Dewey, the great cropper, per bbl. $5 00. 
Wholesale list free. GEO. A. BONN ELL. Waterloo.N. 5’ 
Blight- 
Proof 
Seed 
Handy Buckeye Cultivator 
T HE No. 58 Handy Buckeye Biding Cul¬ 
tivator is made with Pendulum fleam and Hammock 
Seat, with six small shovels, pin or spring shovel. Is also 
made with 4 shovels. The main frame is bent “U” shape, and is 
made of square steel tubing, and 
is in One Piece, which makes it 
very strong and simple. 
The axle is adjustable, so that 
the machine can be narrowed or 
wddened as desired, and has single 
tongue. The shovel standards can be set 
closer together or wider apart, and raised 
or lowered for the cultivation of corn or 
cotton that is planted In deep furrows 
or ridges. 
This Cultivator is BUILT ON WELL- 
KNOWN PRINCIPLES, which are thor¬ 
oughly established by years of practical 
operation on Cultivators of this type, and 
are manufactured under patents covering 
the important features, so that customers 
will run no risk in purchasing Cultivators of this type from us. Manufactured by 
IE 3 - I 3 - MAST cfc OCX, 
No. 9 Canal Street, - - Springfield, Ohio, 
And PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
Success 
WEEDER 
and Surface 
CULTIVATOR 
will save more time and 
work and make more money 
for you than any other farm 
implement you ever heard of. 
Write for full information 
and copies of letters from hun¬ 
dreds of farmers who use and 
endorse it. 
D. Y. HALLOCK Sc SONS, 
Box 805 York, Pa. 
SLUG SHOT 
KILLS INSECTS ON CURRANTS, ETC. 
In use since 1880. Is effective and safe to use. 
SOLD BY SEEDSMEN EVERYWHERE. 
Send'for Free booklet on Bugs and Blights to 
B. HAMMOND, EishkUl-on-Hudson, N, Y 
