1900 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER: 
4oi 
Lice on Rose Bushes. 
J. G. IF., Danube, N. Y .—I wish to thank 
you for the Ruby Queen rose; it is growing 
nicely now, but was troubled for some 
time with the green lice. Will you inform 
me of a preventive for the lice, Rose bugs, 
and little Red spiders which are a pest to 
the rose? 
Ans. —Tobacco dust or snuff, applied 
while the foliage is wet, will often rid a 
plant of aphides, or green lice, though 
the kerosene and water sprayer, recom¬ 
mended in another column, is much 
more certain. No effective remedy has 
been found for Rose bugs yet, except 
hand picking, or the shaking of the 
beet.es into cans containing water and 
kerosene. The Red spider can be pre¬ 
vented and driven away by daily syr¬ 
inging with pure water, if put on forci¬ 
bly enough. 
Spraying Trees with Petroleum. 
IF. II. H. Oakland, Md .—When is the proper 
time to use crude petroleum on fruit trees, 
and should it be mixed with anything else? 
Ans. —'Although extended experience 
in the use of petroleum as an insecticide 
on trees is lacking, enough is known to 
indicate that early Spring, before the 
buds swell, is a very acceptable time for 
the application. If pptied during the 
growing season it must be kept off the 
foliage, as it is so persistently greasy 
that it chokes up the breathing pores, 
and causes many leaves to fall. It can 
be applied pure, made into an emulslion 
with soap, or in mechanical mixture 
with water through on i of the new com¬ 
bination sprayers, but enough must be 
used in each instance to give every part 
of the trunk and branches a thorough 
greasy coating. A number of young 
fruit trees on the Rural Grounds, spray- 
eu March 20 With pure crude oil, show 
no injury whatever, having leafed out 
and set tneir fruit just like the un¬ 
sprayed trees. 
Brewers' Grains for Pigs. 
IF. IS. C., Ehawmut, Mass .—Do you consider 
brewers’ malt or draff good and cheap feed 
for hogs? I can obtain this for 10 cents 
per bushel. How much should be fed each 
day for 130 pounds live weight? 
Ans. —If by brewer’s malt is meant 
the usual brewers’ grains there is some 
doubt about its being a good food for 
pigs, because it is so coarse, like oats. 
However, since the grains are so thor¬ 
oughly soaked, pigs may eat them read¬ 
ily. Brewir’s grains are too highly 
nitrogenous to be fed alone to pigs, and 
to remedy this fault some cornmeal 
should be fed with them. FOr young 
pigs two to three months old mix 
about 10 pounds of meal to every 100 
pounds of brewer’s grains. As the pigs 
increase in age and size increase the 
amount of cornmeal to 20 pounds to the 
100 Dy the latter stage of fattening. 
Feed as much of the mixture as the 
pigs will readily eat. There is noth¬ 
ing harmful in the brewer’s grains, and 
the only question about feeding them 
to pigs is whether they are too coarse 
for the pig’s taste. l. a. 
How to Build a Cool Chamber. 
C. E., Waterloo, N. II.— I wish to build a 
cold-storage room, 7x8 feet and 6(4 feet 
high. Where shall I locate the ice holder, 
top or side? How must I ventilate the 
room occupied by meat and vegetables, and 
how ventilate the ice holder or room, if at 
all? IIow large a space at the side or on 
top should the ice have, to give us effective 
cold? I plan to build the cooler in our 
milk cellar, which is 11 feet high and of 
sufficient size otherwise. I understood 
that the dampness is bad in a wrongly- 
constructed cooler, and that dry cold is 
necessary for proper preservation of food, 
meat, etc. 
Ans. —As this inquiry includes a milk 
cellar, the plan shown at Fig. 123 will 
answer the purpose, as well as applic¬ 
able to a regular dairy. This is intended 
for a separate building, but the same ar¬ 
rangement may be adapted for a cellar, 
although it is by no means advisable 
to have any ice or cooling arrangement, 
beyond one operated by a common 
earth-duct, inside of a dwelling house, 
in which the peculiar odor incident to 
an ice house cannot be wholly avoided, 
not to speak of the inevitable dampness 
accompanying the melting of the ice 
and the indispensible drainage water 
escaping. This cooler, as it may be 
called, may be greatly reduced in size 
and used for any ordinary domestic 
cooler by simply covering the ice cham¬ 
ber with a cover fitted with hinges. In 
this way it would form an ordinary re¬ 
frigerator. But even this device is open 
to the objection that it exhales a quite 
disagreeable, frowy, musty odor, which 
is not pleasant or healthful, and can 
only be kept in any sort of permissible 
condition by the utmost care and the 
use of lime to absorb the dampness, and 
keep the air sweet. Just here it might 
be suggested to all concerned that by 
the very simple use of a lump of fresh 
lime in even a common domestic cooler, 
the dampness may all be absorbed, and 
all odor neutralized. Lime will absorb 
one-third its weight of water, and yet 
be dry, but it will fall to a fine, dry 
powder, and will be simply hydrate of 
lime, and perfectly caustic and useful 
for many purposes in a household as an 
agent for disinfection. Three pounds of 
freSh lime placed in the top of a com¬ 
mon refrigerator, will absorb sufficient 
dampness to equalize one pint of water, 
and this ils a most important part of the 
hygienic management of a household to 
be worthy of notice in this connection. 
The dryness of the cold, too, is very in¬ 
dispensible to the proper keeping of the 
foods cooled, for wherever there is a 
disagreeable smell one may be sure 
there is something deleterious to health 
existing. 
This method of cooling i’s based on a 
Scientific principle, which is this. That 
cold air is heavier than warm air, and, 
of course, will descend, and in its de¬ 
scent will lift out of the top of any ven¬ 
tilating pipe all the warm air, and sup¬ 
ply its place in the lower part of a room 
or a house. In the method here ar¬ 
ranged there is a body of ice which is 
surrounded by an air space, or at least 
is so on two sides, or the back and front 
of the ice chamber. Necessarily, this 
cold air descends into the lower part of 
this house or chamber, and as well the 
water from the melting ice drains down 
into the tank below. This tank is pro¬ 
vided with an overflow, by which any 
surplus water is got rid of, and over¬ 
flow of the tank is avoided. Thus the 
whole thing is automatic, once the 
chamber is filled, and as this is made 
with a zinc bottom, it conveys a suffi¬ 
cient amount of refrigeration to keep 
the lower apartment almost at a freez¬ 
ing temperature all the time. As well 
for a dairy it has a deep cold water set¬ 
ting tank in which the milk may be 
kept, tod the cream raised, sweet and 
pure, and in the very best possible man¬ 
ner. The plan is so simple and easily 
perceptible that nothing further need be 
said in description of it. Some venti¬ 
lators are used as shown, by which the 
air passages may be closed (seen at v v). 
H. S. 
The Supreme Court has decided that 
original packages are boxes or cases of 
goods, and not the individual bottles, 
boxes or parcels enclosed in the cases. It 
had been contended by importers that par¬ 
cels enclosed in large cases were original 
packages. 
Fertilizers Fed to Stock. 
E. P. N., Nichols, Conn.— Are nitrate of 
soda and muriate of potash poisonous to 
cattle? If so, what amount and what 
would be its action? 
Ans. —Potash and soda salts, in large 
amounts, are poisonous in their action 
on man and animals, causing severe in¬ 
flammation of the stomach and digestive 
tract, disturbed action, and finally fail¬ 
ure of the heart. Muriate of potash is 
more caustic in its action than nitrate 
of soda, and also rather more depress¬ 
ing in its influence on the heart and cir¬ 
culation. It would require a relatively 
large amount of Cither of the above 
chemicals seriously to affect domestic 
cattle, probably running into several 
pounds weight. Small quantities of a 
few ounces do not injuriously affect 
healthy cattle. 
Drilling a Well. 
E. M., Ohio.—I wish to know something 
about well drilling. Will you answer the 
following questions? 
Ans. —The questions were referred to 
various well drillers. The answers be¬ 
low are given by Mr. H. Estes, who 
drilled the well at Hope Farm. 
“What is the best homemade outfit 
for man power, and for horse power, for 
wells about 100 feet deep, the greater 
part through rock?” 
“I do not know anything better than 
a hand pump for man power, and belt 
pump for horse power.” 
Mr. H. A. French, of Orleans County, 
N. Y., says that there used to be several 
persons in his section who used to drill 
with a spring pole, which did very good 
service where the rocks were not too 
hard. A pole 50 or 60 feet long was ar¬ 
ranged to have the drill hang about one 
foot from bottom when standing still, 
and it will take but little power to work 
drill. It can be arranged to use a foot 
attachment. 
“What diameter of well is best for 
general purposes? Do you case when 
you strike rock, or first finish drilling?” 
“Six inches. In the West, where the 
soil will allow drilling to rock, and 
stand up, it is customary to put in a 
conductor hole of planking. After the 
rock is encountered, the pipe, or casing, 
is lowered in. In the West, light casing 
A DRILL FOR WELLS. Fig. 124. 
will usually do. In New York or New 
Jersey, and many of the southern 
States, the very best drive pipe is used, 
with a heavy steel shoe on the end.” 
“Is the casing the same size, or larger 
than the hole? How is the joint where 
the casing enters the rock made water¬ 
tight?” 
“The pipe is nearly three-quarters of 
an inch larger than the hole. The shoe 
is 1% to two inches larger than hole. 
By using a shoe, thread protector or old 
coupling, the hole is first drilled in the 
rock, then shoe driven in tight, and 
driving continued as long as it will 
drive without pinching or bending.” 
“What size and shape is the drill? 
What size of pipe is used for hand 
pumps, and what size for wind pumps?” 
“About as shown in Fig. 124. The 
whole drill string consists of rope, sock¬ 
et, jarrer, drill stem and bit or drill. 
The best size for general use for shal¬ 
low wells is 114 or iy 2 inch, galvanized; 
windmills, iy 2 to four-inch, according to 
the size of cylinder and outfit, size of 
man’s pocketbook and amount he wishes 
to spend.” 
“How deep should I drill after strik¬ 
ing water?” 
“It makes a difference what the water 
is to be used for, and quality or quan¬ 
tity. Some wells are generous producers 
in large veins, and often flow; others 
have many small veins. Generally, two 
to five feet under the last vein, or, if 
water is struck in quantities at 95 feet, 
The Cyclone Dust Collector 
For Thrashing Ma¬ 
chines takes the dust 
out of the machine and 
blows it through a long 
canvas tube away from 
the machine and out of 
the barn. 
WM. S. MILLER, Meyersdale, Somerset Co.. I’a. 
FARMER’S FRIEND GANG PLOW 
THE ORIGINAL MAKE. 
All others are copies 
We now sell direct to the 
farmer. This gang will do 
all kindsof plowing. Five 
acres per day. Write for 
prices and descrip¬ 
tive circular. 
Also Special 
Gangs for Or¬ 
chard and Vine¬ 
yard work. See 
circular for de¬ 
scription. 
H. B. M1LMINK & CO., Toledo, Ohio. 
$7 MACHINE FOR $4 
The price ot DUTTON’S 
MOWER KNIFE 
GRINDER used to be 
$7. We will make a 
drive on them for the 
month of June. Send 
$4 any time before July 
1, and we will ship you 
a gi inder complete. It will grind a set of knives 
in 10 minutes, and do it better than the old way. 
No hot knives. Tills is a Special Offer, good 
only to July 1. 
The Cutaway Harrow Co., Higganum, Conn. 
AGENTS 
WANTED. 
All 
Inquiries 
Answered. 
THE BEST FOR 
THE DAIRY, 
be it large or small, is 
the celebrated 
Kneeland 
Omega 
In cost, great- 
economy, alm- 
pUclty, durability; slow speed, so little power 
required, and easy to operate. Only two parts 
to clean, which can be done In 3 minutes. No 
possible clogging In the bowl. An all around 
machine of highest quality. Guaranteed to 
satisfy, or your money back. 
“Good Butter and How to Make It.” Is our 
free book, ot value to everyone. Send for It. 
THE KNEELAND CRYSTAL CREAMERY CO., 
28 Concord Street, Lansing, Mich. 
The Champion Milk 
Cooler- 
Aerator 
is the acknowledged 
standard of Milk-Cooler 
constructions. 
Simple in form. 
Durable in material and 
workmanship. 
Easy to clean. 
Low iu price. 
Our book, “Milk,” for 
the asking. 
CHAMPION MILK COOLER CO., 
Dairy Supplies, 
39 Railroad Street, Cortland, N. Y. 
Take 
Heed, 
Mr. Horseman. 
Think how you would suffer hitched to plow 
with harness cutting deep Into raw and ugly sore. 
Veterinary Pixine 
is the horse’s frieud. It relieves instantly; draws 
out all inilammation; absolutely preveuts blood 
poisoning. There is uo chronic sore or skin dis¬ 
ease ou horses or domestic animals that can with¬ 
stand its marvelous penetrating healing powers. 
Makes quick, clean, healthy cure without scab; 
stimulates a new growth of hair. Universally 
indorsed as the most marvelous heuliug prepara¬ 
tion made. Money refunded if it fails. 
At all Druggists and Dealers, or mailed postpaid. 
PRICE 
J 2-oz. box, 
, 8-oz. box, 
25c. 
50c. 
TROY CHEMICAL CO., 
make it 97 to 100.” 
TROY, N. Y. 
