602 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER: 
September 1 
CREAM TESTING FROM A WEIGHED 
SAMPLE. 
The Babcock test is coming into such 
general use in the cream-gathering 
creameries of New England that its ac¬ 
curacy for the purpose of testing cream 
is receiving not a little consideration. 
When this method was recommended as 
a basis for paying for cream the Cooley 
system was in almost universal use by 
dairymen associated with the creameries. 
The economy of the cream separator, 
however, has become apparent to many 
farmers within the last few years, and 
separators have been quite generally in¬ 
troduced among creamery patrons. This 
had been done with the belief that less 
loss would result than in the system of 
deep-setting. This, without doubt, is 
true as far as completeness of cream 
separation is concerned, but whether the 
creamery patron who uses a separator, 
and is paid on the basis of the Babcock 
test, is justly paid is very doubtful. 
When the Babcock test was recommend¬ 
ed for use in the cream-gathering cream¬ 
eries very little of the cream contained 
over 22 per cent of butter fat, and under 
these conditions the test based on a 
measured sample was reasonably accu¬ 
rate. If, however, the per cent of fat in 
the cream much exceeds 22 per cent, 
there is a considerable error, which is 
likely to be magnified as the density of 
the cream increases. The cream from 
most separators will contain from 2^ to 
40 per cent of butter fat. The Babcock 
test, when made by the use of a meas¬ 
ured sample is based on the supposi¬ 
tion that a sample of cream of 18 cubic 
centimeters will weigh 18 grammes. 
Now it is a well-known fact that the 
weight of milk and cream varies, ac¬ 
cording to the per cent of fat which it 
contains; the higher the percentage of 
fat the less a given quantity will weigh. 
From this it can be seen that a given 
measure of cream containing 35 per cent 
of fat will weigh considerably less than 
one containing 20 per cent of fat. But 
the difference in the weights of two 
samples of cream, of a given measure, is 
not the only source of error which may 
come into the test. Cream usually con¬ 
tains much air when it comes from the 
separator, and this interferes with the 
taking of an accurate sample. In addi¬ 
tion, the glass pipette or measure, used 
in drawing the final sample of cream, is 
supposed to be so constructed as to de¬ 
liver 18 cubic centimeters. The denser 
the cream the more it will adhere to the 
inside of the glass measure, and while a 
certain pipette might deliver 18 grammes 
of a cream which contains 20 per cent of 
butter fat, it would not deliver as much 
when the cream contained 40 per cent 
of fat. 
The argument thus far made is not 
given with a view to condemning the 
Babcock test. This method is, without 
doubt, the most accurate means of test¬ 
ing milk and cream thus far devised. It 
has been a great aid to dairying and its 
value needs to be more fully understood 
by farmers. Originally it was intended 
as a test for the fats of milk, and while 
it was known that weighing the samples 
would be slightly more accurate than 
measuring, it was clearly proven that 
the measured sample in the case of milk 
was accurate enough for all practical 
purposes. The originator of the test, as 
well as its early advocates in the West, 
did not expect that it would be very 
largely used for testing cream, and have 
not given that side of the question very 
great consideration. As the cream-gath¬ 
ering system of creameries is the com¬ 
mon one in New England, the Babcock 
method should be so modified as to suit 
our conditions. This can be easily ac¬ 
complished by substituting a weighed 
sample for a measured one wherever 
cream is to be tested. The inaccuracy of 
the measured sample in testing creams 
which vary considerably in butter fat 
lias been clearly demonstrated by sev¬ 
eral of our experiment stations, and one 
at least has interested itself in an im¬ 
provement so far that it has recommend¬ 
ed the introduction of a special form of 
balance for weighing cream samples 
This balance is very simple, and with a 
little experience can be nearly as easily 
manipulated as the pipette or measuring 
glass. It is so constructed that the Bab¬ 
cock test bottles set into a little metal 
cup at one end of the beam, while the 
weighing is done at the other end. It is 
no more difficult to use than the pan bal¬ 
ance commonly employed by apotheca¬ 
ries. Suitable scales for weighing sam¬ 
ples may be obtained at an expense of 
from $6 to $10, and no change whatever 
will be needed in the other equipment 
the test. c. s. phelps. 
THE MILK SITUATION. 
A prominent farmer from Orange 
County, N. Y., recently said: 
The Orange County milk war of 17 
years ago was a victory for the farmers 
for a time, but they had no organization, 
and so soon weakened. To avoid a re¬ 
currence of anything of this sort, the 
New York milkmen went up the O. & W. 
R. R. and developed the dairy industry 
there. This boomed the railroau and 
helped the long-dir.ance dairymen, but 
the nearby producers have been on the 
downward track ever since. At that 
time the railroads charged uniform price 
per can for hauling, whether the milk 
came 25 miles or 100. The nearby pro¬ 
ducers took this matter up, and in ac¬ 
cordance with the inter-state commerce 
law fought out a decision in the courts, 
compelling the railroads to give them a 
better freight rate than the dairymen in 
the outlying districts. This decision was 
very detrimental to the people in the 
long-haul or outer zones and the result 
of their agitation was the formation of 
the Five States Milk Producers’ Asso¬ 
ciation. This movement did not arrive 
at anything tangible until the power-of- 
attorney system came up. About 10,000 
powers of attorney were brought to New 
York on the representation that New 
York capitalists would carry out their 
end of the contract to manipulate the 
whole milk market. Next the Pure Milk 
Company came forward, representing to 
be chartered in the State of Delaware 
for $30,000,000, $10,000,000 preferred 
stock, and $20,000,000 common stock, the 
farmers to have $1 per can for the milk 
handled, to take a certain amount of 
stock, and to have a proportionate share 
in the regular dividends of the company. 
Although many did not approve of this 
thing, they sanctioned it, hoping to hold 
the farmers together for the next five 
years, until they could get experience 
and show their power. The Pure Milk 
Company came to nothing, and then 
Chas. R. Flint & Co. came forward with 
a syndicate of $12,000,000, $4,500,000 pre¬ 
ferred stock, and the remainder common 
stock. This again looked hopeful, but 
it has always seemed to me that 
the common stock part of all these 
schemes is merely a Wall Street gamble, 
being fictitious paper which has no value 
until enough milk has been sold to pay 
a dividend. Inthenearby sections of the 
26-cent freight zone the farmers have 
had a flush milk market for the last 18 
months, and wherever tne condenseries 
are located, many farmers will not join 
the organization or help it in the least. 
In some cases they dare not attend an 
ordinary milk meeting for fear of getting 
into trouble with the factories and con¬ 
denseries. Consequently they are riding 
the Five States people to market, and all 
our throats are being cut. It has been 
estimated by a conservative man that 
$4,i j 0,000 spot cash would manipulate 
and control the whole milk business of 
New York City. The powers of attorney 
of 10,000 farmers have already been 
given in. These men at $100 each would 
make $1,000,000, and they would certain¬ 
ly be able to raise the rest of the $4,000,- 
000 easily and ask no odds of Wail 
Street. At present it takes about 4,000 
wagons to serve the New York milk. 
This could be done by 1,000 if organized 
and working to advantage. Most every 
farmer has from one to three horses 
more on his farm than he needs, and 
this item of 10,000 horses turned in from 
the farmers would be no small amount 
toward the stock. This shows that the 
capital can b ; raised. Then place the 
company under the best management, 
give $1 per can for the milk, and then 
every six months or a year declare a 
dividend on the profits of the business, 
thus giving the farmer an upward price 
for his milk. 
NOTES ON MILK BUSINESS. 
The milk producers in this vicinity sell 
to peddlers who supply the neighboring 
towns. Most farmers deliver the milk 
at the peddler’s door, getting 2% cents 
per quart in Summer and three cents in 
Winter. Where the peddlers go after it 
themselves, they pay one-fourth cent 
less. In regard to the breed of cows 
kept, there is not a purebred herd in 
this town, to my knowledge. They are a 
mixed lot of Jersey, Holstein, Ayrshire, 
Durham and Devon. The prices paid by 
consumers in Bridgeport vary. Some 
milkmen give 20 and 16 tickets for $1. 
A very few get seven and eight cents per 
quart. J. s. 
Bridgeport, Conn. 
\ We have in this locality over 125 
dairies, ranging from 10 to 50 cows each. 
Of this number 80 sell milk to the firm 
of Slawson Bros., of New York City, who 
have a well-equipped receiving station 
here in Hillsdale. The milk is delivered 
every day in the year, between the hours 
of 6 and 10 A. M. The company fur¬ 
nished milk cans and keeps them clean. 
Forty-quart cans are used. Milk must 
be thoroughly strained, and cooled to 60 
degrees. Price is not fixed in advance; 
is governed by the state of supply in the 
city. The net price received for milk in 
January, February, March and April of 
this year was 2% cents; May and June, 
two cents, and for July 2% cent per 
quart; checks received for milk about 
the fifth of month following. Lightest 
run of milk is during July, when the 
number of cans is about 160 per day. In 
the Fall and Winter as high as 320 cans 
are made. Our farmers, as a rule, have 
cows fresh in August and September, 
having been dry through part of June and 
July. Most of the heifer calves, from 
choice cows, are raised to take the place 
of cows that must be turned off later. In 
some dairies the separator is in use; in 
others the creamery and in a number 
the milk is set in the shallow pans. 
Price for good-quality butter ranges from 
15 cents to 25 cents throughout the year. 
Our farmers aim to keep all the stock 
that can be well cared for, believing this 
to be for their best interests. h. l. c. 
Hillsdale, N. Y. 
Horse Owners! Use 
GOMBAULT’S 
Caustic 
Balsam 
A Safe Speedy and Positive Core 
The Safest, Best BLISTER ever used. Takes 
the place of all liniments for mild or severe action. 
Removes Bunches or Blemishes from Horses 
and Cattle. SUPERSEDES ALL CAUTERY 
OR FIRING- Impossible to produce scar or blemish. 
Every bottle sold is warranted to give satisfaction 
Price $1.50 per bottle. Sold by druggists, or 
sent by express, charges paid, with full directions 
for its use. Send for descriptive circulars. 
THE LAWRENCE-WIX.LIAMS CO.. Cleveland O. 
Breeders’ Directory. 
Al Fowls. Pigs. Sheep—varieties. Farm¬ 
ers’ prices. Cir. A. McClain (No. Tj. Delaware, N J. 
F OR SALE—Fine-Bred nOLSTEIN- 
FRIKSIAN Cattle, all ages and both sexes, at 
reasonable prices. Address WM. ROOD, 
Maple Stock Farm, Binghamton, N. Y. 
rnn Oil E~ ATHOKOGGHBKKT)HOL,STEIN 
run wALC BULL CALF. Well marked and of 
best breeding. Will be sold at farmers’ price. Write 
at orce. W. W. CHENEY, Manlius. N. Y. 
Chester Whites, Holsteins and Choice Eggs. 
A fine lot of young sows bred for Fall litters. 
Holsteln-Frieslan Bull Calves of extra breeding 
Light Brahma and B. Rock Egus; 15 for 75 cents. 
CHAS. K. RECORD. Peterboro. N. Y. 
Some GOOD young 
JERSEY BULL CALVES 
FOR SALE at fair prices. No PLUG8 nor un 
registered for sale at any price. 
B. F. SHANNON, 907 Liberty St., Pittsburg, Pa. 
DELLHURST FARM, 
MENTOR, OHIO, 
has nearly 30 Holstein Hull Calves to select 
from, and offers sons of DeKol's Butter Boy No 
19210, Royal Paul 22979 and others, having the much 
talked-of Pauline Paul and DeKol cross. Our Herd 
new numbers 150 head. Stock of all ages and both 
sexes for sale from Advanced Registry cows. 
SHROPSHIRE 
Ram lambs, sired by England's 
prizewinners; a few aged ewes. 
CHESTER WHITE SWINE.-A 
choice lot of young pigs. Fine 
stock a specialty. 
Sidney Spkague. Falconer.N.Y. 
O #1 RAMS and EWES of 
OOUthClOWn the best quality. 
Address J. C. DUNCAN, Lewiston, N. Y. 
The Business Farmer’s Sheep. 
$75 takes 10 ewe lambs; $60 takes six yearling ewes 
$120 takes HI two-year ewes: $100 takes 10 tine ram 
lambs. All registered or eligible, and sure to please 
Address W. A. BASSETT, Farmer, N. Y. 
DO I AUn PUI M AO —Larg e strain, purebred 
I ULAN U~Ul11 IlHu Poland-ChiDn Pigs for sale 
$5 each when they are eight to ten weeks old. 
F. H. GATES & SONS, Chittenango, N. Y. 
WORTH 
$50 
A BOTTLE 
To This Man. 
It may bo worth a like sum or even more to you. 
Fiug&l, Barnes Co., IC IX, March 19, 18Jo. 
Dear Sirs:—I have used your Kendall’s Spavin Cure and 1 
think it a stood Uniment I have cured a Spavin on my b«>t 
mare, and I would not take $125 for her, which I offered for $75 
before, i will be pleased to have your book and receipts tor 
this inclosed stamp, as I read on the cartoon. 
Truly vours, FRAbK SMITH. 
It is an absolutely reliable remedy for Spavins. 
Splints,Curbs, Ringbones,etc. Removes the bunch olid 
leaves no scar. Brice, #1; six for $5. As a li• iment 
for family use it has no equal. Ask your druggist 
for KBNDALL’S SPAVIN ttJRK, also “A Treatise on the 
Horse,” the book free, or address 
DR. B. J. KENDALL CO., ENOSBURG FALLS, VT. 
iriTU Tft I IPC 0“ HHN8 and CHICKENS 
JCAin IU LlUL 64-page book free. 
iSS&COWTIE 
)lds them firmly, draws 
em forward when lying 
wn. pushes back when 
inding, gives freedom 
head, keeps them clean 
E. C. NEWTON CO. 
The WILLARD KNAPP COW TIE 
Is the most humane, Inex¬ 
pensive. pjaciical and dur¬ 
able device for fasten’ng 
cattle. Apphoved by all 
up-to-date dairymen. 
Send for illusttated pam¬ 
phlet,describing the tie and 
givir g statements from our 
customers. 
WILLARD H. KNAPP*CO 
Groton 8t., Cortland,N.Y 
WILD Ellt’S 
Swing Stanchion. 
Improvement over Smith's. 
Steel latch; Automatic 
lock. Adjusts Itself when 
open so animal cannot turn 
it in backing out. Safest 
and Quickest Fastening 
made.Send for testimonials 
J. K. WILDER & SONS, 
Monroe, Mich. 
LABEL 
Dana’sSItEAR LABELS 
stamped with any name or address with consecutive 
numbers. I supply forty recording associations and 
thousands of practical farmers, breeders and veteri¬ 
narians. Samples free. Agents Wanted. 
C. II. DANA, 71 Main St., West Lebanon, N. 1I> 
