1900 
673 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKERJ 
Grafting the Bose Pear. 
H. F. C., Belmont, Mass.—We have a num¬ 
ber of Kieffer pear trees grafted to Bose, 
but find the grafts do not do at all well. 
The butts of the trees are still good. Could 
they be grafted to Dana Hovey success¬ 
fully? 
Ans. —Grafting the Bose or any other 
pear on the Keiffer, Garber or any of 
that class will not, I think, prove very 
successful. Bose grafted on a Clapp, 
Buffum,Sheldon or Anjou would do well. 
The Bose, grown as any other variety of 
pear is grown, will do well if well fed 
and the soil kept cultivated. It is a 
slower-growing tree than most other 
varieties, but with good feeding and cul¬ 
tivating will be a profitable tree to 
plant. I do not think it will pay to re¬ 
graft tne Keiffer trees, edwin hoyt. 
Peaches on Red Shale. 
C. F. M., Freeburg, Pa .—What varieties of 
peach trees will best grow upon soil known 
as red shale? Would other fruit trees yield 
crops with better success than the peach? 
If so, what kind and varieties? The soil 
is deep and somewhat hilly. 
Ans. —Almost any of the ordinary 
varieties of the peach will do well on red 
shale lands in a suitable climate. Car¬ 
man, Mountain Rose, Elberta, Oidmixon 
Free, Chairs and Heath Cling are very 
good for either market or home use. 
They cover a large part of the peach 
season. Apple, plum or cherry trees 
might pay equally as well or better. See 
what does best with your neighbors. 
H. E. VAN DEMAN. 
Moving Pear Trees. 
M. G., Saugatuck, Conn .—I have some small 
pear trees that I wish to move. When is 
the best time to do it? Can it be done suc¬ 
cessfully in October? The trees are cov¬ 
ered with white specks like the eggs of 
something, that can be wiped off, but all 
parts of the wood, even the smallest 
branches, are covered. The trees have been 
set out a little over a year, and have made 
rapid growth. Should I spray them.' n 
so, with what and what kind of a sprayer 
should I use? I have had little experience 
in pear culture. 
Ans. —October would probably be a 
very good time in which to move the 
small pear trees. As soon as the leaves 
have partly fallen off the rest of them 
may be rubbed off without injury, and 
the trees at once moved to their new 
location. The sooner this can be done 
properly the more the young rootlets 
will grow out and take hold of the earth, 
and, consequently, the better the tree 
will be fortified for the rigors of the 
coming Winter. I like early setting of 
trees in the Fall. The trees mentioned 
are probably affected by Scurfy bark- 
louse or some other scale insect. It 
would be well to send a sample to the 
experiment station at New Haven, and 
ask the advice of the specialists there. 
They can tell the cause of the trouble, 
and what to do for it much better than 
anyone can do without knowing what 
the insect is. It is probable that crude 
petroleum may be the surest remedy. 
H. E. VAN DEMAN. 
Orchard on IVe/lhouse Plan. 
J. F. J., Mountain Grove, Mo .—We wish to 
grow a standard pear orchard of 3,000 trees 
on the Wellhouse plan, except that no 
crops are to be grown in the orchard. We 
are to furnish the trees and the other party 
the land. What part of the expense of 
cultivation and pruning should be borne by 
each? The proceeds are to be equally di¬ 
vided. The orchard site is in Blue grass, 
and we wish to cultivate only the tree 
rows a few years, and let go to Blue grass. 
Ans. —By the Wellhouse plan cf grow¬ 
ing an orchard is meant that one party 
shall plant the trees and do all the oth¬ 
er work, and the other furnish the land 
free and pay the taxes; then each to re¬ 
ceive half the net proceeds of the sale 
of fruit. The person doing the work is 
to have all the crops grown on the land 
until the trees come into bearing. In 
the case proposed there are to be no 
crops grown. This may be wise or it 
may not be. The idea of allowing the 
greater part of the surface of the pro¬ 
posed orchard to remain in Blue-grass 
sod is a great mistake, as I view the 
For the land’s sake, use Bowker’s Fer¬ 
tilizers. They enrich the earth.— Adv. 
matter. The trees being on strips of 
cultivated land may do well, or they 
may not. It would be my plan to plow 
up the whole of the land, and after roll¬ 
ing it and planting the trees to put in 
potatoes, melons or some other crop 
which will require the land to be well 
cultivated during the early part of the 
season. Corn would be fairly good but 
it is apt to shade the trees too much 
when they are very small. What value 
the Blue grass could be, either in itself 
or to the trees, I cannot see. It is not 
fit for hay and could not be safely pas¬ 
tured even by nogs, among small trees. 
A cultivated crop would probably pay 
for the whole care of the orchard, and 
give some revenue besides. But it would 
require good judgment and close atten¬ 
tion to keep all in good condition. That 
is what every orchardist must uo if he 
succeeds, and he should have the profits 
if there were any. This is what I would 
do, if 1 understand the situation prop¬ 
erly. Maybe I do not. In case of there 
being no crops grown among the trees 
from the start, my opinion is that or¬ 
chardist and owner of the land should 
each bear half the expense of tillage 
until the trees begin to bear; then all 
should tan on the orchardist. The 
ground might then be seeded to clover 
or Orchard grass,which should be mown 
and left on the land. h. e. van deman. 
Cement Over a Brick Floor. 
J. F. C., Charlotte Mall, Md .—I have an old 
brick-paved porch floor that i wish to 
cement or lay with concrete. Would it be 
best to take up the bricks and form a new 
foundation, or leave the bricks, ram them 
well, and lay the cement or concrete over 
them? Which would be better, cement or 
concrete? Which is better for such work, 
Portland or Rosendale cement? How is 
the tendency of cement floors to crack pre¬ 
vented? Would putting it on in successive 
coats, after each coat had hardened, fill the 
bill? 
Ans. —There should be no difficulty in 
getting a good cement surface on an old 
brick floor. The only danger would be 
from frost heaving the bricks, which 
would not be likely in your climate. 
Portland cement is stronger and smooth¬ 
er than Rosendale, but considerably 
higher in price. Rosendale is much used 
for the body of the work, and Portland 
as a finishing coat. Concrete is formed 
by laying a foundation of broken stones 
or coarse gravel the size of a walnut or 
larger, and about six inches deep. Ce¬ 
ment and coarse sharp sand with or 
without a quantity of fine gravel, are 
first mixed thoroughly together in the 
dry state, and then moistened with 
water, stirring thoroughly all the time 
until it will just pour from a bucket or 
hod. It is then spread over the foun¬ 
dation and thoroughly pounded or 
tamped down into the cavities until the 
surface is smooth and uniform. Usually 
a second coat containing a less percent¬ 
age of sand is smoothly spread with a 
trowel when the first has hardened, but 
is not yet thoroughly dry. A cement 
surface can be spread over the brick 
floor in the same manner, omitting the 
broken stone or gravel. The tendency to 
crack can be obviated by spreading in 
successive layers, and also by prevent¬ 
ing too rapid drying by covering of hay 
or fine straw after the last coat has been 
laid. In case the cement is spread di¬ 
rectly on the bricks the only prepara¬ 
tion necessary would be to clean out all 
loose dirt from the cracks between the 
bricks. 
Feeding Hogs in Florida. 
W. E., Plymouth, Fla.— Will it pay to feed 
hogs on middlings that cost $1.35 per 100 
pounds, and corn that costs 75 cents per 
bushel, when the pork sells for five cents 
per pound dressed? Perhaps you could tell 
me how many pounds of pork can be pro¬ 
duced from 100 pounds of middlings. I see 
from Henry’s book how many pounds of 
pork can be produced with a bushel of 
corn. 
Ans. —Our actual feeding experience 
demonstrates that the prices quoted by 
our correspondent for corn and wheat 
middlings render their profitable feed¬ 
ing to hogs impossible. Careful experi¬ 
ments made by us last Winter showed 
that with corn at 50 cents per bushel 
and wheat middlings at about the price 
quoted it costs us 5.6 cents per pound 
to produce pork with native hogs. There 
would have been a material loss, there¬ 
fore, in producing the same and selling 
at five cents per pound, i may add that 
corn and wheat middlings are not an 
economical or practical ration for hog¬ 
feeding in Florida, where other feed 
stuffs, for instance, cow peas, pindars 
(peanuts), cassava, Velvet beans and 
sweet potatoes furnish constituents lor 
balanced rations at very much lower 
cost, and most of which can be harvest¬ 
ed by the animals themselves, thus very 
materially reducing the cost of produc¬ 
tion. I cannot give definite information 
as to the amount oi pork which may be 
produced from a given quantity of wheat 
middlings; indeed, this depends so 
largely upon the individual characteris¬ 
tics of the animal fed that any state¬ 
ment must necessarily be a little better 
than guesswork. Bulletin No. 55 from 
the Florida Experiment Station (Lake 
City) will give many useful facts about 
feeding stock. h. e. stockbridge. 
Florida Experiment Station. 
Off the coast of Maine the lobster makes 
himself very much at home. The Lewiston 
Journal says that everything that swims 
is an enemy to the young lobster. The 
large ones are cannibals, and think noth¬ 
ing of gobbling up any young try that get 
in their way. For new suits of clothes 
these little lobsters would rival a Fifth 
avenue swell, as they shed their shell 15 
times the first year of their life. The lob¬ 
ster belt is about 1,000 miles long, from the 
Straits of Belle Isle to Cape Hatteras, and 
they go 50 miles out to sea. The largest 
one caught thus far weighed 27 pounds. It 
is supposed that they grow much larger 
than this, but these old-timers keep out in 
deep water out of reach of the fisherman’s 
traps. 
Calling Down Smokers. —The chair¬ 
man of the directors of the Union Pa¬ 
cific Railroad has issued an order for¬ 
bidding the smoking of cigarettes by 
employees. George Gould is a director, 
and he recently came to a meeting 
smoking a cigarette. This is the way 
the chairman talked to him: 
My orders just issued to all employees of 
this company forbid cigarette smoking. 
You', Gecrrge Jay Gould, are a director and 
therefore an employee for you get $10 for 
every directors’ meeting that you attend. 
Now, don’t you ever come around this of¬ 
fice smoking again! 
That’s business from all points of 
view. 
Sharp Eyes. —Stories are told of the 
wonderful instinct of detectives in dis¬ 
covering motives for crime. Given a 
garment or a tool, and they can tell 
things that would never occur to the 
average observer. The following story 
told by the Buffalo News is not bad: 
A ragman who was gathering up worn- 
out clothing in the country, purchased a 
pair of discarded trousers at a farmhouse 
and remarked to the man of the house as 
he paid for the stuff he had bought: 
“I see, sir, that you are about to lose 
your land on a mortgage.” 
"Guess you are right,” said the dis¬ 
couraged-looking farmer, "but will you tell 
me how you found that out?” 
"Easy enough,” said the cheerful rag 
man, as he settled back on the seat of his 
peddling wagon. "I notice that these old 
pants are completely played out so far as 
the part of ’em you sat down on is con¬ 
cerned, but they show mighty little wear 
anywhere else.” 
It is true that one way to fatten a 
mortgage is to sit down on something 
else and think about it. 
ARMSTRONG & McKELVY 
Pittsburgh. 
BEYMER-BAUMAN 
Pittsburgh. 
DAVI8-CHAMBERS 
Pittsburgh. 
FAHNESTOCK 
Pittsburgh. 
ANCHOR 
ECKSTEIN 
ATLANTIC 
BRADLEY 
BROOKLYN( 
JEWETT 
ULSTER 
UNION 
SOUTHERN 
SHIPMAN 
COLLIER 
MISSOURI 
RED SEAL 
SOUTHERN 
JOHN T. LEWI8 dt BROS CO 
Philadelphia. 
MORLEY 
Cleveland. 
SALEM 
Salem, Mass. 
CORNELL 
Buffalo. 
KENTUCKY 
Louisville. 
Cincinnati. 
New York. 
Chicago. 
t St. Louis. 
UR interests influence our opinions. 
The manufacturers of Mixed Paints 
and so-called White Leads may be¬ 
lieve their mixtures are the best because it 
is greatly to their interest to do so. We 
believe that Pure White Lead is the best 
Paint and our belief is confirmed by hun¬ 
dreds of years of use, and the experience 
of practical painters everywhere. 
For colors use National Lead Company's Pure White 
Lead Tinting Colors. Any shade desired is readily 
obtained. Pamphlet giving full information and show¬ 
ing samples of Colors, also pamphlet entitled “Uncle Sam’s Ex¬ 
perience With Paints ” forwarded upon application. 
National Lead Co., ioo William Street, New York. 
The Warmest Sheathing. 
Not a mere felt or paper, but a soft, 
quilted cushion that keeps out cold as a 
bird’s feathers do. It is six times as warm 
as common paper, but costs less than ic. a foot. 
Warmer and one-half cheaper than back-plaster. 
Decay and vermin proof, and uninflammable. 
Send for free sample and catalogue of Cabot’s Sheathing Quilt. Agents at all central points. 
SAMUEL CABOT, Sole Manufacturer, - 81 Kilby Street, Boston, Mass. 
INC HESTER 
M 1 
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